Aplio-400-Operator-Manual

[Page 1] OPERATION MANUAL FOR DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND SYSTEM MODEL TUS-A400 MEASUREMENTS VOLUME (2B771-044EN*D) IMPORTANT! Read and understand this manual before operating the equipment. After reading, keep this manual in an easily accessible place.  TOSHIBA MEDICAL SYSTEMS CORPORATION 2011-2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

[Page 2] Trademarks Microsoft® Windows® XP is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the USA and other countries. APLIO, Dynamic Flow, ApliPure, MicroPure, and TwinView are trademarks of Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation. This manual may include trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies. Note that the trademark symbol "  " and the registered trademark symbol "  " may or may not be used in this manual. IMPORTANT! 1. No part of this manual may be copied or reprinted, in whole or in part, without prior written permission. 2. The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice and without legal obligation. 3. The contents of this manual are correct to the best of our knowledge. Please inform us of any ambiguous or erroneous descriptions, missing information, etc.

[Page 3] Table of Contents 1. Outline of Measurement Functions 1-1 1.1 Switches Used for Measurement 1-1 1.2 Setting the Measurement 1-2 1.3 Modifying a Measurement 1-3 1.4 Deleting a Measurement 1-6 1.4.1 Deleting a measurement using the touch panel 1-6 1.4.2 Deleting the selected measurement result 1-7 1.5 Changing the Result Display Position 1-8 1.6 Worksheet Screen 1-9 2. 2D-Mode Measurements 2-1 2.1 Distance Measurement (Distance) 2-2 2.2 Curved Line Distance Measurement (Trace Length) 2-3 2.2.1 Continuous Trace 2-3 2.2.2 Spline Trace 2-4 2.3 Angle Measurement (Angle) 2-5 2.4 Area/Circumference Measurement (Area) 2-6 2.4.1 Continuous Trace 2-6 2.4.2 Spline Trace 2-6 2.4.3 Ellipse 2-7 2.4.4 Cross 2-8 2.5 Volume Measurement (Volume) 2-10 2.6 Joint Measurement 2-11 - a -

[Page 4] 2.7 MeanIMT Measurement 2-12 2.8 %Stenosis (Distance) Measurement 2-14 2.9 %Stenosis (Area) Measurement 2-15 3. M-mode Measurements 3-1 3.1 M-Mode Distance Measurement (Distance) 3-2 3.2 Slope Measurement (Slope) 3-3 3.3 Time Measurement (Time) 3-4 3.4 Heart Rate Measurement (HR) 3-5 4. Doppler-Mode Measurements 4-1 4.1 Velocity Measurement (Velocity) 4-2 4.2 Acceleration Measurement (Accel) 4-3 4.3 Time Measurement (Time) 4-3 4.4 Heart Rate Measurement (HR) 4-3 4.5 Velocity Trace Measurement (Vel Trace) 4-4 4.5.1 Continuous Trace 4-5 4.5.2 Spline Trace 4-7 4.5.3 Line Trace 4-8 4.5.4 Range 4-9 4.5.5 Auto Range 4-11 4.6 PI Measurement (PI Trace) 4-12 4.7 RI Measurement 4-13 4.8 S/D Measurement 4-14 4.9 Flow Volume Trace Measurement (Flow Volume) 4-15 - b -

[Page 5] 5. Application Measurement (Cardiac) 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.1.1 Starting the application measurement menu 5-1 5.1.2 Heart rate acquisition methods (Cardiac) 5-1 5.2 2D-Mode Measurements (Cardiac) 5-3 5.2.1 LV measurement (MOD Simpson method)/ LA measurement (MOD Simpson method)/ LA measurement (3-Axis method) 5-3 5.2.2 LV measurement (Teichholz method) 5-11 5.2.3 LV measurement (Cube method) 5-16 5.2.4 LV measurement (Gibson method) 5-16 5.2.5 LV measurement (Single-plane (aka Area-Length) method) 5-17 5.2.6 LV measurement (Biplane method) 5-19 5.2.7 LV measurement (Bullet method) 5-21 5.3 M-Mode Measurement (Cardiac) 5-23 5.3.1 Aortic valve measurement (Aortic Valve) 5-23 5.3.2 Mitral valve measurement (Mitral Valve) 5-25 5.3.3 LV measurement (Teichholz method) 5-27 5.3.4 LV measurement (Cube method) 5-33 5.3.5 LV measurement (Gibson method) 5-33 5.4 Doppler-Mode Measurement (Cardiac) 5-34 5.4.1 Aortic valve measurement (Aortic) 5-34 5.4.2 Mitral valve measurement (Mitral) 5-42 5.4.3 Pulmonary vein blood flow measurement (Pulmo. Vein) 5-49 5.4.4 Tricuspid valve measurement (Tricus.) 5-51 5.4.5 Pulmonary valve measurement (Pulmo.) 5-55 5.5 Extra Measurements 5-60 - c -

[Page 6] 5.5.1 LV Mass AL (Area-Length) 5-60 5.5.2 LV Mass TE (Truncated Ellipsoid) 5-62 5.5.3 PISA 5-64 5.5.4 Coronary 5-66 6. Application Measurement (Vascular) 6-1 6.1 Carotid1 6-1 6.1.1 2D-mode measurement 6-1 6.1.2 Doppler-mode measurement 6-3 6.1.3 Measurement value display on the Worksheet screen 6-4 6.2 Carotid1 (Auto-IMT Measurement) 6-5 6.2.1 Touch panel menu 6-5 6.2.2 Measurement method 6-7 6.2.3 Worksheet screen 6-9 7. Obstetric Measurement (OB) 7-1 7.1 Outline of OB Measurement 7-1 7.2 Patient Registration for OB Measurement 7-2 7.3 OB Measurement Menu on the Touch Panel 7-3 7.4 Measurement Methods Specific to OB Measurements 7-5 7.4.1 Amniotic fluid index (AFI) 7-5 7.4.2 NB (Nasal Bone)/NT (Nuchal Translucency)/NF (Nuchal Fold) measurement 7-6 7.4.3 CTAR measurement 7-7 7.4.4 Maxilla Angle (Facial Maxilla Angle) measurement 7-9 7.4.5 DV (Ductus Venosus) measurement 7-9 7.5 Calculation Items 7-10 - d -

[Page 7] 7.6 List of OB Measurements and OB Calculation Items 7-14 7.7 Measurement Items That Can Be Selected in the Gyn. Menu 7-22 7.8 Updating the OB Date Information During an Examination (GA Input) 7-23 7.9 Trend Graph (Trend) 7-24 7.10 OB Worksheet 7-26 7.10.1 OB 2D Worksheet 7-27 7.10.2 OB Doppler Worksheet 7-28 7.10.3 Gyn Worksheet 7-29 7.10.4 Comment screen 7-30 7.10.5 Anatomy function 7-32 7.10.6 Data List 7-34 7.11 Data Storage 7-39 8. Measurements on a Stored Image 8-1 8.1 Measurements on ER Images 8-3 8.2 Measurements on ER Images for Which Manual Calibration Is Required 8-5 8.3 Manual Calibration Required Before the Start of Each Measurement 8-10 8.4 Worksheet Display 8-11 8.5 Accuracy of Measurement When Manual Calibration Is Used 8-12 9. Measurement Data Storage 9-1 9.1 Storing Measurement Data in the DICOM SR Format ... 9-1 9.1.1 Data transfer 9-1 - e -

[Page 8] 9.1.2 Displaying the stored data 9-3 10. OB Measurement Chart Data 10-1 10.1 Gestational Age Chart 10-11 10.2 Growth Analysis Chart 10-68 10.3 Identical Chart 10-129 10.4 Charts for Creating Trend Graphs 10-178 11. Presetting 11-1 11.1 Setting Presets 11-1 11.2 Details of Each Preset 11-3 11.2.1 Appl Meas. 11-3 11.2.2 Meas. Window 11-4 11.2.3 2D-Mode Meas. 11-6 11.2.4 D-Mode Meas. 11-7 11.2.5 D-Mode Meas. 2 11-13 11.2.6 Worksheet 11-14 11.2.7 Meas. Marker 11-16 11.2.8 Meas. Marker2 11-17 11.2.9 Meas. Operation 11-18 11.2.10 Annotation 11-20 11.2.11 LV (2D) 11-21 11.2.12 LV (M) 11-22 11.2.13 Cardiac Doppler 11-23 11.2.14 LV Mass 11-24 11.2.15 Carotid1 Doppler 11-25 11.2.16 Carotid1 Meas. Type 11-27 - f -

[Page 9] 11.2.17 Carotid1 Meas. Tool 11-28 11.2.18 Auto IMT 11-29 11.2.19 Body Mark 11-30 11.2.20 Meas. Data Display 11-31 11.2.21 OB/Gyn Report 11-32 11.2.22 OB/Gyn Report 2 11-33 11.2.23 OB Evaluated - OB Calc. 11-34 11.2.24 OB Evaluated - OB Calc. 2 11-35 11.2.25 OB Evaluated - OB Calc. 3 11-37 11.2.26 OB Evaluated - D OB Calc. 11-39 11.2.27 OB Display 11-40 11.2.28 OB Behavior 11-41 11.2.29 OB 2D Tool 11-42 11.2.30 OB/Gyn D Meas. 11-43 11.2.31 Gyn Meas. 11-44 11.3 Confirmation of the Automatic Measurement Start Item 11-45 12. Registration of User-Programmed Measurements 12-1 - g - *

[Page 10] 1. Outline of Measurement Functions 1.1 Switches Used for Measurement No. Switch Function <1> Moves the marker. The trace lines can be modified using the dial located around the trackball. <2> Sets the start and end points. <3> Starts the next measurement. <4> Starts a basic measurement. (The default measurement that is started differs according to the mode.) 2D mode : Distance M mode : Distance PW/CW mode : Velocity <5> Starts a basic measurement. (The default measurement that is started differs according to the mode and the customized setting.) 2D mode : Area M mode : Slope PW/CW mode : Vel Trace <6> Starts an application measurement. (The measurement to be started must be preset in advance.) <7> Modifies trace lines. Rotates the line marker to adjust the angle. <8> Freezes the image. <9> Displays the application measurement results on the Worksheet screen. (The screen to be displayed differs depending on the setting.) 1-1

[Page 11] NOTE: 1. The measurements that start when the corresponding switch is pressed and the methods for setting the measurement data differ depending on the preset. The data used for calculation and the display of calculation results also differ depending on the preset. Refer to section 11 "Presetting" and set the desired presets before using the above switches. 2. The default basic measurement can be changed as needed. Contact your Toshiba service representative. 1.2 Setting the Measurement When the measurement is set on an image in the current examination, the color of the measurement markers is changed to cyan. When the measurement is set on an image stored for a previous examination, the color of the measurement markers is changed to white. CAUTION: Be sure to perform measurement within the displayed images. If an area outside an image is included in a measurement, an incorrect result may be output. NOTE: 1. Both and can be used to set (register) the measurement. When is used, the measurement result is set and the next measurement is started. However, when "Fixed by [SET] only" in [Vel, Auto Range Tool] of the Meas. Operation preset is set to ON, the preset setting takes precedence and must be used to set the measurement result. Note that pressing a measurement item switch on the touch panel (other than Velocity measurement of the basic measurements) also sets the measurement result. 2. The application measurement results are not displayed on the Worksheet screen if the measurement data has not been set. 3. In basic measurement mode, the measured data is lost when the system power is turned OFF or the exam data has been changed. 4. The results of basic measurements are not displayed on the Worksheet screen. 5. Only a part of the calculation results are displayed on the measurement result screen in application measurement mode. To check all the measurement results (calculation results), use the Worksheet screen. 6. It is possible to preset whether or not the line connecting the start point and end point is displayed before the measurement is set in distance measurement and area measurement. 1-2

[Page 12] 1.3 Modifying a Measurement A measurement data item can be modified by pressing even after the measurement data is set and the measured value is displayed, provided that or another measurement switch has not been pressed. Perform the procedures below to modify the measurement data. <<Example of distance measurement>> Start modification. Move the start Finish modification Modify the end point. of the start point. point. <2> Change the <4> To modify the end <1> Press . <3> Press . position of the point, press start point using and follow the same   The start point The newly measured (first point) changes to data is set. a marker. 1-3

[Page 13] <<Example of measurement using the Continuous Trace method>> Start modification. Undo the trace to Draw the trace Set the newly the desired point. again. measured data. <3> From that point, <5> To modify the end <1> Press . <2> Rotate to draw the trace point, press again using undo the trace to and follow the desired point. . the same The start point (first point) changes to a marker.  <4> Press . The newly measured data is set. * During velocity trace measurement in PW/CW mode, rotate counterclockwise to undo the trace. 1-4

[Page 14] The above procedures cannot be used to modify measurements obtained using the Spline Trace method. To modify such measurements, press and then move the marker. <<Example of measurement using the Spline Trace method>> Start modification. Select the marker Move the marker. Set the newly to be modified. measured data. <2> Move the arrow <4> Move the marker <1> Press . <5> Press . near the marker to to the desired be modified. position using An arrow is displayed. . The newly measured data is set. The color of the selected marker changes to red. 1-5

[Page 15] 1.4 Deleting a Measurement 1.4.1 Deleting a measurement using the touch panel <<For basic measurements>> <<For application measurements>> *1: Refer to subsection 7.3 for the function of [Clear All] in OB measurement mode. 1-6

[Page 16] 1.4.2 Deleting the selected measurement result Perform the procedures below to delete the selected measurement result. Start Select the measurement Delete the result to be deleted. measurement result. <2> Move the arrow near <1> Press . <3> Press . the marker for the measurement result to   be deleted. An arrow is displayed. The measurement result associated with the A B selected marker is deleted. The color of the selected marker changes to red. 1-7

[Page 17] 1.5 Changing the Result Display Position is displayed during measurement. Press this switch to display the menu for changing the measurement result display position. *1: Each time is pressed, the result display position is changed as shown below. 1-8

[Page 18] 1.6 Worksheet Screen After performing application measurement, press to display the Worksheet *1 screen . *1: If the system is set not to start up the Worksheet screen by pressing , press on page 3/3 of the OTHER menu. On this screen, the measurement and calculation results obtained in the application measurement are displayed. CAUTION: 1. If the measurement data displayed on the Worksheet screen is edited, the data that precedes editing is overwritten and lost. 2. When is pressed, the message "Calculating" is displayed until the Worksheet screen is displayed. If many items have been measured, "Calculating" may remain displayed for several tens of seconds to several minutes. Do not operate the main panel or touch panel while this message is displayed. 3. When more than one measurement has been performed using different application presets, the application preset for which the results are to be displayed can be selected from the pull-down menu on the Worksheet screen. If the number of application presets used is large, there may be a delay of several tens of seconds to several minutes before the results for the selected application preset are displayed. Do not operate the main panel or touch panel during this period. NOTE: 1. If "Mean of Measurements" is selected for the "Measurement Value Display Method" on the Worksheet tab of the Preset menu, the mean of the measurements is displayed in the worksheet. If only one measurement has been executed, the result of the measurement is displayed in the Mean field. 2. If "Most Recent Measurement" is selected for "Measurement Value Display Method" on the Worksheet tab of the Preset menu, only the most recent measurement value is displayed on the Worksheet screen. 3. If two or more measurements have been performed for a single item, be sure to check each measurement result using the worksheet function. If an unexpected measurement value is obtained, it will affect the mean value. 4. If a result for a measurement item is deleted in the worksheet edit window with "Most Recent" selected, the result of the immediately preceding 1-9

[Page 19] NOTE: 5. If a result for a measurement item is deleted in the worksheet edit window and no other results remain for the item, the measurement item, the mean value of the item, and the calculation results obtained using the measurement value (or mean value) are all deleted automatically. To redisplay these values, the item must be measured again. Before deleting the contents of the worksheet edit window, confirm that required data will not be deleted. When entering or editing data for measurement items, be sure to enter the values and units correctly. 6. Measurement or calculation data cannot be saved unless a patient ID is registered for the patient. Be sure to register the patient ID before starting measurement. 7. Confirm that no unexpected values are displayed on the Worksheet screen before saving the data. 8. The measured value for some items displayed on the Worksheet screen can be edited, provided that the examination has not yet been completed. Once the measured data is saved, however, the data cannot be edited. Confirm the results on the worksheet before saving the data. The values displayed in white in the blue boxes can be edited. 9. Do not turn ON the measurement switch while the Worksheet screen is 10. Only a part of the calculation results are displayed on the measurement result screen in application measurement mode. To check all the measurement results (calculation results), use the Worksheet screen. 1-10

[Page 20] 2. 2D-Mode Measurements This section describes basic measurements in 2D mode. <<2D-mode basic measurement menu>> * The Joint measurement switch is not displayed when Heart1, Heart2, or Heart3 is selected as Application Preset. 2-1

[Page 21] 2.1 Distance Measurement (Distance) The straight-line distance between two points is measured on the 2D-mode image. Distance : Dist A 999.9 (mm) <4> Move the marker to the <1> Select . measurement end point <5> Press to set the end point. <2> Move the marker to the measurement start point using . <3> Press to set the start point. * To perform the same type of measurement again, press and then repeat steps <2> to <5>. 2-2

[Page 22] 2.2 Curved Line Distance Measurement (Trace Length) The length of a curved line is measured by tracing along the curved line. The trace method can be changed using the dial provided under . Method Description Continuous Trace The user traces a curved line freehand from the specified start point to the end point using the trackball. Spline Trace A curved line is traced by interpolating three or more user- specified points (including the start and end points) using a spline curve. Distance : Dist A 999.9 (mm) 2.2.1 Continuous Trace Set the start point. Draw the trace. Set the trace. <4> Draw the trace using <1> Press and <5> Press . select [Continuous Trace]. 2-3

[Page 23] 2.2.2 Spline Trace Set the start point. Draw the trace. Set the trace. <4> Move the marker using <1> Press and <7> Press twice at the same point. select [Spline Trace].   <2> Move the marker using A <5> Press . <6> Repeat the above procedure to set multiple points. 2-4

[Page 24] 2.3 Angle Measurement (Angle) The angle between two straight lines is measured. Both the acute and obtuse angles are displayed. Acute : Angle2 A 99 (deg) Obtuse : Angle1 A 999 (deg) Set the first marker. Move the second Set the second marker. marker. <5> Move the second <1> Select . <7> Press . marker using .  A <3> Rotate the marker <6> Rotate the marker using to adjust the angle. <4> Press . 2-5

[Page 25] 2.4 Area/Circumference Measurement (Area) The area and circumference of a region are measured in 2D mode. The trace method can be changed using the dial provided under . Measurement method Area measurement method Continuous Trace The path traced by operating the trackball along the circumference of the target object is used to calculate the approximate area/circumference. Spline Trace The interpolated curve for the set points is used to calculate the approximate area/circumference. Ellipse Elliptical approximation is used to calculate the approximate area/circumference. Cross Arcs are used to calculate the approximate area/circumference. 2.4.1 Continuous Trace For the measurement procedure, refer to subsection 2.2 "Curved Line Distance Measurement (Trace Length)". Area : Area A 999.99 (cm ) Circumference : Circ A 999.9 (mm) 2.4.2 Spline Trace For the measurement procedure, refer to subsection 2.2 "Curved Line Distance Measurement (Trace Length)". Area : Area A 999.99 (cm ) Circumference : Circ A 999.9 (mm) 2-6

[Page 26] 2.4.3 Ellipse Area : Area A 999.99 (cm ) Long-axis length : Dist1 A 999.9 (mm) Circumference : Circ A 999.9 (mm) Short-axis length: Dist2 A 999.9 (mm) Set the start point. Set the diameter Set the ellipse. Set the trace. of the circle. <4> Adjust the <6> Adjust the size of <1> Press diameter of the the ellipse using <7> Press . circle using and select . [Ellipse]. . <2> Move the marker <5> Press to set the diameter of the circle. <<Modification procedure>> Start modification. Select the marker Modify the ellipse. Finish to be modified. modification. <2> Move the arrow <3> Adjust the size of <1> Press . <4> Press . near the ellipse, the ellipse using place the arrow on the point to be modified, and A press . (When the arrow is moved to the ellipse, the major <5> To change the axis and minor length of the other axis of the ellipse axis, repeat the are displayed.) same procedure for the other axis. 2-7

[Page 27] 2.4.4 Cross Area : Area A 999.99 (cm ) Long-axis length : Dist1 A 999.9 (mm) Circumference : Circ A 999.9 (mm) Short-axis length: Dist2 A 999.9 (mm) Set the first point. Set the second Set the start point Set the end point point. of the of the perpendicular line. perpendicular line. <4> Move the marker <6> Adjust the position <8> Adjust the end <1> Press and length of the point position of perpendicular line the perpendicular and select [Cross]. using . line using . <2> Move the marker <5> Press .   <7> Press . <9> Press . A dashed line perpendicular to the line connecting the first point and the second point is 2-8

[Page 28] <<Modification procedure>> Start modification. Select the marker Move the marker Finish to be modified. to the desired modification. position. <2> Place the arrow <4> Move the marker <1> Press . <5> Press . on the marker to to the desired be modified. position using <6> To move another marker, repeat the same procedure for the other 2-9

[Page 29] 2.5 Volume Measurement (Volume) The volume is measured using elliptical approximation with three axes set. Volume : Volume A 999.9 (cm ) Axis : Dist1 A 999.9 (mm) Axis : Dist2 A 999.9 (mm) Axis : Dist3 A 999.9 (mm) Set the first and second A perpendicular plane Set the third line on the lines. is displayed. perpendicular plane. <3> A cross-sectional plane <5> Follow the same <1> Select . perpendicular to the procedure as for plane on which step 1 distance measurement  has been performed is (Distance). <2> Follow the same displayed. procedure as for distance measurement (Distance) to set the <4> Select again. second line. <6> Press . * In volume measurement, the measurement values are not cleared (even if the image is unfrozen) until measurement of the three axes is completed. However, the values are cleared if is pressed or Exam Review mode is entered. 2-10

[Page 30] 2.6 Joint Measurement The angles between the base line and two lines (angles  and  ) are measured. Angle between the base line and the first line : Alpha A 999 (deg) Angle between the base line and the second line : Beta A 999 (deg) Set the first marker. Move the second Set the second marker. marker. <5> Move the second <8> Move the third marker <1> Select . marker using . using .   <6> Rotate the marker <9> Rotate the marker using . using . <3> Rotate the marker using to adjust the angle.   <7> Press . <10> Press .  A <4> Press . The second line chenges to a dotted line and the third line is displayed with a center The second line is displayed with a center 2-11

[Page 31] 2.7 MeanIMT Measurement Three distance measurements are performed and the mean value is calculated. This method is intended to measure the thickness of the intima-media complex of the carotid artery. Mean : MeanIMT A 999.9 (mm) Distance 1 : Dist1 A 999.9 (mm) Distance 2 : Dist2 A 999.9 (mm) Distance 3 : Dist3 A 999.9 (mm) NOTE: Result display for IMT measurement 1. When "Double Digits" is selected for Thickness (IMT) Precision in the preset menu, the IMT measurement value is displayed to two decimal places. Depending on the characteristics of the image, however, it may not be possible to obtain an accurate value to two decimal places. Use the measurement and calculation values displayed to two decimal places only for reference. 2. If "Double Digits" is selected, a single quotation mark (') is added to the measurement values displayed on the screen and the calculation results obtained based on the measurement values. Limitations: Although markers can be moved in steps of 1 pixel on the screen, this does not correspond to an indicated value change of 0.01 due to the resolution of ultrasound images. The indicated value changes in increments of greater than 0.01 as a mark is moved. 2-12

[Page 32] Set the first distance. Set the second and Determine the third distances. measurement results. <8> When the <1> Select . <6> Press to display measurement for the third position is the next marker.  completed, the mean <2> Move the marker using value of the three measurements is . displayed. <7> Set the second and third distances using the same procedure as * One graduation on the for the first distance. horizontal axis represents 5 mm. <3> Rotate the marker to the desired angle using . * The second and third markers are displayed at a position 1 cm to the right or left of the first <4> Press to set the upper marker position. <5> Move the lower marker using and then press . 2-13

[Page 33] 2.8 %Stenosis (Distance) Measurement The stenosis ratio (%Stenosis) is calculated based on two distance measurements using the formulas below. If Dist1 > Dist2 % S Dist  ( Dist 1  Dist 2 ) / Dist 1 If Dist1 < Dist2 % S Dist  ( Dist 2  Dist 1 ) / Dist 2 2 2 Areal   / 4  ( Dist 1 ) Area 2   / 4  ( Dist 2 ) If Dist1 > Dist2 % S Area  ( Area 1  Area 2 ) / Area 1 If Dist1 < Dist2 % S Area  ( Area 2  Area 1 ) / Area 2 %Stenosis : %S Dist A 99.9 (%) Distance : Dist1 A 999.9 (mm) Distance : Dist2 A 999.9 (mm) %Stenosis : %S Area A 99.9 (%) Area : Area1 A 9999.9 (mm ) Area : Area2 A 9999.9 (mm ) Press and then perform measurement. Refer to subsection 2.1 "Distance Measurement (Distance)" for the measurement <<Measurement points>> 2-14

[Page 34] 2.9 %Stenosis (Area) Measurement Measure Lumen (luminal area) and then Residual (residual luminal area). In Lumen measurement, the area is measured using elliptical approximation. In Residual measurement, the area is measured using the Continuous Trace method of manual tracing. The stenosis ratio (%Stenosis) is calculated based on these two area measurements using the formula below. If the residual area is larger than the luminal area (which is impossible in actual clinical examinations), the result is displayed as a negative value. %S Area A  (Lumen A  Residual A) / Lumen A %Stenosis : %S Area A 99.9 (%) Luminal area : Lumen A 999.9 (mm ) Residual luminal area : Residual A 999.9 (mm ) Measure the lumen Display the marker for Measure the residual (maximum area). residual luminal area luminal area measurement. (minimum area). <4> Follow the same <1> Select . <3> Press to display procedure as for Continuous Trace for the marker for residual  area/circumference luminal area (minimum measurement (Area) to <2> Follow the same area) measurement. measure the residual procedure for Ellipse in luminal area (minimum area/circumference area). measurement (Area) to measure the lumen  (maximum area). <5> Press to set the residual luminal area (minimum area). The %Stenosis (Area) value is displayed. 2-15

[Page 35] 3. M-mode Measurements <<M-mode basic measurement menu>> 3-1

[Page 36] 3.1 M-Mode Distance Measurement (Distance) The distance between two points is measured on the M-mode image. Distance : Dist A 9999.9 (mm) <4> Move the intersection <1> Select . point of the marker <5> Press . using . A <2> Move the intersection point of the marker 3-2

[Page 37] 3.2 Slope Measurement (Slope) The slope of the line between two points is measured. (Distance) Slope = (Time) Slope : Slope 999.9 (mm/s) Time : Time A 9.999 (sec) Distance : Dist A 999.9 (mm) <4> Move the intersection <1> Select . point of the marker <5> Press . <2> Move the intersection point of the marker 3-3

[Page 38] 3.3 Time Measurement (Time) The time between two points is measured. Time : Time A 9.999 (sec) <4> Move the marker using <1> Select . <5> Press .  A A 3-4

[Page 39] 3.4 Heart Rate Measurement (HR) The heart rate (bpm) is calculated based on the heartbeats displayed on the monitor. Heart rate : HR 999 (bpm) Number of beats : Beat A 9 Time : Time A 9.999 (sec) Set the value for Beat. Set the start point. Set the end point. <3> Move the marker using <5> Move the marker using <1> Select . . . <2> Rotate under <6> Press . to set the value for Beat. Set the A A value according to the number of heartbeats in the range to be <4> Press . measured. 3-5

[Page 40] 4. Doppler-Mode Measurements <<Doppler-mode basic measurement menu>> 4-1

[Page 41] 4.1 Velocity Measurement (Velocity) The velocity is measured on the Doppler-mode image. <General> Velocity : Vel 999.9 (cm/s) <When Heart1, Heart2, or Heart3 is selected in Application Type> Velocity : Vel A 999.9 (cm/s) Pressure gradient : PG A 999.9 (mmHg) Step 1: Step 2: Set the measurement point. Set the measurement. <1> Select . <3> Press . <2> Move the intersection point of the marker using . 4-2

[Page 42] 4.2 Acceleration Measurement (Accel) The velocity slope (acceleration) between two points is measured on the Doppler-mode image. The result display differs depending on the items selected in Application Type. <General> Acceleration : Accel A 999.9 (cm/s ) Time : Time A 9.999 (sec) Velocity : Vel1 A 999.9 (cm/s) Velocity : Vel2 A 999.9 (cm/s) <When Heart1, Heart2, or Heart3 is selected in Application Type> Acceleration : Accel A 999.9 (cm/s ) Time : Time A 9.999 (sec) Velocity : Vel1 A 999.9 (cm/s) Pressure gradient : PG1 A 999.9 (mmHg) Velocity : Vel2 A 999.9 (cm/s) Pressure gradient : PG2 A 999.9 (mmHg) <4> Move the marker using <1> Select . <5> Press . "Accel" is displayed for the velocity in the direction away from the baseline. "Decel" is displayed for the  velocity in the direction toward the baseline. 4.3 Time Measurement (Time) The measurement procedure is the same as for M-mode time measurement. Refer to subsection 3.3 "Time Measurement (Time)". 4.4 Heart Rate Measurement (HR) The measurement procedure is the same as for M-mode heart rate measurement. Refer to subsection 3.4 "Heart Rate Measurement (HR)". 4-3

[Page 43] 4.5 Velocity Trace Measurement (Vel Trace) The velocity and other items are measured by tracing the Doppler waveform. The trace method can be changed using the dial provided under . <When Heart1, Heart2, or Heart3 is selected in the Application Type> Trace method Description Continuous Trace The user traces the Doppler waveform freehand from the specified start point to the end point using the trackball. Spline Trace The Doppler waveform within the specified range is traced by interpolating three or more user-specified point using a spline curve. Line Trace The user traces the Doppler waveform using straight line segments. Range The Doppler waveform in the specified range is traced automatically. Trace method Description Continuous Trace The user traces the Doppler waveform freehand from the specified start point to the end point using the trackball. Spline Trace The Doppler waveform within the specified range is traced by interpolating three or more user-specified points using a spline curve. Line Trace The user traces the Doppler waveform using straight line segments. Range The Doppler waveform in the specified range is traced automatically. Auto Range The Doppler waveform is automatically traced by recognizing the number of heartbeats without specifying the range. 4-4

[Page 44] 4.5.1 Continuous Trace The user traces the Doppler waveform freehand from the specified start point to the end point using . The result display differs depending on the items selected in Application Type. *1 Maximum velocity : Vmax A 999.9 (cm/s) PI : PI A 99.99 *2 Minimum velocity : Vmin A 999.9 (cm/s) RI : RI A 99.99 Velocity at end diastole : Ved A 999.9 (cm/s) S/D : S/D A 99.99 Mean velocity : Vm A 999.9 (cm/s) *1: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating PI can be preset.  PI  (Vmax  Vmin)/Vm_p eak  PI  ( Vmax  Ved ) / Vm _ peak *2: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating RI can be preset.  RI  (Vmax  Vmin)/Vmax  RI  (Vmax  Ved)/Vmax <When Heart1, Heart2, or Heart3 is selected> Velocity Time Integral : VTI A 999.9 (cm) Peak velocity : VP A 999.9 (cm/s) Mean velocity : VM A 999.9 (cm/s) Peak pressure gradient : PPG A 999.9 (mmHg) Mean pressure gradient : MPG A 999.9 (mmHg) 4-5

[Page 45] <4> Trace the Doppler <1> Press and <5> Press . waveform using . select [Continuous Trace]. 4-6

[Page 46] 4.5.2 Spline Trace The Doppler waveform is traced by setting at least three points, including the start and end points, and connecting them with a spline curve. Same as described in subsection 4.5.1 "Continuous Trace". <4> Move the marker for <1> Press and the second point using <7> Press twice at select [Spline Trace]. . the same point. . <5> Press . <6> Repeat the above procedure to set multiple points. 4-7

[Page 47] 4.5.3 Line Trace The Doppler waveform is traced by setting at least three points, including the start and end points, and connecting them with line segments. Same as described in subsection 4.5.1 "Continuous Trace". <4> Move the marker for <1> Press and the second point using <7> Press twice at select [Line Trace]. . the same point. . <5> Press . <6> Repeat the above procedure to set multiple points. 4-8

[Page 48] 4.5.4 Range The Doppler waveform in the specified range is traced automatically. The result display differs depending on the items selected in Application Type. Mean velocity for peak trace : Vm_peak A 999.9 (cm/s) Mean velocity for mean trace : Vm_mean A 999.9 (cm/s) *1 PI : PI A 99.99 *2 RI : RI A 99.99 S/D : S/D A 99.99 *1: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating PI can be preset.  PI  ( Vmax  Vmin ) / Vm _ peak  PI  ( Vmax  Ved ) / Vm _ peak *2: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating RI can be preset.  RI  ( Vmax  Vmin ) / Vmax  RI  ( Vmax  Ved ) / Vmax <When Heart1, Heart2, or Heart3 is selected in Application Type> Velocity Time Integral : VTI A 999.9 (cm) Peak velocity : VP A 999.9 (cm/s) Mean velocity : VM A 999.9 (cm/s) Peak pressure gradient : PPG A 999.9 (mmHg) Mean pressure gradient : MPG A 999.9 (mmHg) 4-9

[Page 49] <<Parameter switches>> When [Range] is selected, the following switches for setting parameters are displayed. Use these switches during measurement as required. Set the start point. Perform auto-tracing. Adjust the trace line. <4> Move the marker using <6> Adjust the trace line as <1> Press and required using the parameter switches. select [Range]. <5> Press .  Auto-tracing is performed. 4-10

[Page 50] 4.5.5 Auto Range The Doppler waveform for the specified number of heartbeats is traced automatically without specifying the range. Mean velocity for peak trace : Vm_peak A 999.9 (cm/s) Mean velocity for mean trace : Vm_mean A 999.9 (cm/s) *1 PI : PI A 99.99 *2 RI : RI A 99.99 S/D : S/D A 99.99 *1: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating PI can be preset.  PI  ( Vmax  Vmin ) / Vm _ peak  PI  ( Vmax  Ved ) / Vm _ peak *2: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating RI can be preset.  RI  ( Vmax  Vmin ) / Vmax  RI  ( Vmax  Ved ) / Vmax  The number of waveforms to be recognized is 1 to 8.  If the number of waveforms specified is greater than that displayed on the monitor when [Auto Range] is started, the maximum number of available waveforms is recognized. <Example> If the number of heartbeats is set to "8" on the touch panel, but only five waveforms are displayed on the screen, the range of auto-tracing is automatically set to the five heartbeats.  When the number of heartbeats is changed by rotating , the value set in [Beat] on the touch panel is updated accordingly.  The number of heartbeats last set is saved for each application preset. The saved number of heartbeats is used the next time Auto Range measurement is  If no waveform is recognized, the screen displays a marker for the trace start point as in Range measurement. 4-11

[Page 51] 4.6 PI Measurement (PI Trace) The PI and other items are measured by tracing the Doppler waveform. Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating PI can be preset.  PI = (Vmax - Vmin)/Vm_p eak  PI = (Vmax - Ved)/Vm_pe ak PI : PI A 9.99 Mean velocity : Vm A 999.9 (cm/s) *1 *1: When "Range" (auto trace) is selected, the mean velocity is displayed in the following format. Vm_peak 999.9 (cm/s) The measurement procedure is the same as for velocity trace measurement (Vel Trace). Refer to subsection 4.5 "Velocity Trace Measurement (Vel Trace)". 4-12

[Page 52] 4.7 RI Measurement RI is calculated by measuring the velocity at two points. Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating RI can be preset.  RI = (Vmax - Vmin)/Vmax  RI = (Vmax - Ved)/Vmax The result display differs depending on the items selected in the preset. <When Vmin is selected> RI : RI A 9.99 <When Ved is selected> RI : RI A 9.99 Set the maximum Set the minimum Set the trace. velocity point. velocity point. <4> Move the marker to the <1> Select . minimum velocity point <5> Press . <2> Move the marker to the maximum velocity point 4-13

[Page 53] 4.8 S/D Measurement S/D is calculated by measuring the velocity at two points. S/D  Vmax/Ved S/D : S/D A 9.99 Set the maximum Set the end-diastolic Set the trace. velocity point. velocity point. <4> Move the marker to the <1> Select . end-diastolic velocity <5> Press . point using . <2> Move the marker to the maximum velocity point 4-14

[Page 54] 4.9 Flow Volume Trace Measurement (Flow Volume) The flow velocity is measured by tracing the Doppler waveform in Doppler mode, and the elliptical area is obtained by measuring the lengths of the major axis and minor axis of the vessel in 2D mode. Based on these measurement results, the flow volume is calculated. The following trace methods are provided. Each time is pressed, the trace method is switched. The default trace method can be changed in the preset. The calculation formulas can also be selected in the preset. Switch on the touch panel Trace method Flow Vol. Vel Trace The user traces the Doppler waveform freehand from the specified start point to the end point using the trackball. Flow Vol. Auto Trace The Doppler waveform in the specified range is traced automatically. Flow Vol. Auto Range The Doppler waveform in the recognized range is traced automatically. 4-15

[Page 55] The result display differs depending on the items selected in Application Type. Flow volume : Flow Vol A 9.99(L/min) *1 Mean velocity for peak trace : Vm_peak A 999.9 (cm/s) *5 Mean velocity for mean trace : Vm_mean A 999.9 (cm/s) *5 Time-mean velocity : Vm A 999.9 (cm/s) *6 PI : PI A 9.99 *2 RI : RI A 9.99 *3 S/V : S/D A 9.99 *4 Elliptical area : Area A 99.9 (mm ) Length of the major axis of the vessel: Dist1 A 99.9 (mm) Length of the minor axis of the vessel: Dist2 A 99.9 (mm) *1: Either of the following two methods can be preset to calculate the flow volume. The trace for the item (Vm_peak or Vm_mean) to be used for calculating the flow volume is displayed in light blue. The trace for the item not used for calculation is displayed in dark blue.  Flow Vol ( L / min)  Vm _ peak ( cm / s )  60 ( s / min)  Area ( mm ) / 100 / 1000  Flow Vol ( L / min)  Vm _ mean ( cm / s )  60 ( s / min)  Area ( mm ) / 100 / 1000 *2: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating PI can be preset.  PI  (Vmax  Vmin)/Vm_p eak  PI  (Vmax  Ved)/Vm_pe ak *3: Whether Vmin or Ved is used for calculating RI can be preset.  RI  (Vmax  Vmin)/Vmax  RI  (Vmax  Ved)/Vmax *4: S/D calculation formula  S/D  Vmax/Ved *5: This item is measured and displayed when Auto Trace or Auto Range is selected as the trace method. *6: This item is measured and displayed when Vel Trace is selected as the trace method. 4-16

[Page 56] <When Heart1, Heart2, or Heart3 is selected in Application Type> Stroke volume : SV A 99.9 (mL) Heart rate : HR A 999 (bpm) Cardiac output : CO A 9.99 (L/min) Velocity Time Integral : VTI 999.9 (cm/s) Peak velocity : VP A 999.9 (cm/s) Peak pressure gradient : PPG A 999.9 (mmHg) Mean pressure gradient : MPG A 999.9 (mmHg) Elliptical area : Area A 999.9 (mm ) Length of the major axis of the vessel: Dist1 A 99.9 (mm) Length of the minor axis of the vessel: Dist2 A 99.9 (mm) * When the ECG unit is used, the heart rate is displayed automatically when the flow volume measurement is determined. Select the velocity Perform tracing using the Perform measurement tracing method. selected method. for the luminal area (elliptical area measurement). <2> Perform tracing using <3> Perform <1> Press to the selected method. measurement for the luminal area (elliptical select the method. area measurement). (a) Perform freehand Refer to subsection (a) Press and tracing. 2.4.3 "Ellipse". perform tracing Refer to subsection 4.5.1 "Continuous Trace". (b) Perform automatic tracing. (b) Press to specify the range. Refer to subsection 4.5.4 "Range". (c) Perform automatic tracing using the (c) Press to Auto Range perform automatic function. tracing for the * This is available waveform of the only when specified cardiac Application Type cycle. is Heart1, Heart2, Refer to subsection or Heart3. 4.5.5 "Auto Range" 4-17

[Page 57] 5. Application Measurement (Cardiac) 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Starting the application measurement menu Select Adult Heart on the Patient Registration screen or select one of Heart 1 to Heart 3 in the Application preset menu. Then press . The menu for application measurement is displayed on the touch panel. Press the switch for the desired measurement. The application measurement menu that is displayed when is pressed differs according to the preset. The measurement marker settings can also be changed by presetting. 5.1.2 Heart rate acquisition methods (Cardiac) The heart rate is measured during LV measurement, aortic valve measurement, mitral valve measurement, and pulmonary valve measurement. The heart rate can be obtained by the following three methods. (1) Acquiring the heart rate automatically from the ECG When the optional ECG unit is used and measurement is performed for an item in which the heart rate is required, the heart rate is displayed automatically. (2) Calculating the heart rate based on the Range measurement result (in M mode and Doppler mode) Refer to the section describing heart rate measurement in the basic measurements (M mode/Doppler mode). (3) Entering the heart rate manually Enter the heart rate value. Select . 5-1

[Page 58] NOTE: 1. In dual-display mode, the heart rate for the most recently frozen image is displayed. For example, if the image on the left was frozen most recently, the heart rate for that image is also displayed on the image on the right. 2. When a patient with an unstable heart rate, such as a patient with atrial fibrillation, is to be examined, enter a heart rate using the Manual Input dialog box. 3. The heart rate value displayed on the 2D (including Color) + PW/CW screen is the heart rate obtained at the time the PW/CW image is stopped. For example, when the PW/CW image is stopped by pressing and the 2D image is then frozen, the displayed heart rate value is the heart rate at the time the PW/CW image was stopped, not at the time the Freeze switch was pressed. 4. Confirm that the ECG waveform is displayed correctly. If the ECG waveform is not displayed correctly, an incorrect heart rate value may be displayed due to noise. 5. When an ECG is not used, turn OFF the ECG monitor. Otherwise, an incorrect heart rate value may be displayed due to noise from the ECG monitor. 5-2

[Page 59] 5.2 2D-Mode Measurements (Cardiac) 5.2.1 LV measurement (MOD Simpson method)/LA measurement (MOD Simpson method)/LA measurement (3-Axis method)  LV measurement (MOD Simpson method) The endocardial contour of the left ventricle (LV) is traced on the apical long-axis cross-sectional images (two-chamber view and four-chamber view) acquired in 2D mode and the left ventricular long axis is specified. The LV volume is then calculated as the sum of the volumes of 20 elliptical disks perpendicular to the LV long axis. LV volume calculation is also possible using only a two-chamber or four-chamber cross-sectional image. In this case, the LV volume is calculated as a sum of the volumes of 20 circular disks set on the corresponding image. 2ch Diast Tracing of the end-diastolic LV endocardial contour on LVAd2 (cm ) the two-chamber cross-sectional image and setting of the LVLd2 (mm) LV long-axis position EDV2 (mL) 2ch Syst Tracing of the end-systolic LV endocardial contour on the LVAs2 (cm ) two-chamber cross-sectional image and setting of the LV LVLs2 (mm) long-axis position ESV2 (mL) 4ch Diast Tracing of the end-diastolic LV endocardial contour on LVAd4 (cm ) the four-chamber cross-sectional image and setting of the LVLd4 (mm) LV long-axis position EDV4 (mL) 4ch Syst Tracing of the end-systolic LV endocardial contour on the LVAs4 (cm ) four-chamber cross-sectional image and setting of the LV LVLs4 (mm) long-axis position ESV4 (mL) 5-3

[Page 60] EDV  LVLd 20 1 LV volume at end (mL)    ( Distance 2i  Distance 4i )  diastole 4 20 i  1 1000 LVLd : The LV long-axis length at end diastole in the two-chamber or four- chamber view (whichever is longer) Distance2i : Disk diameter in the two-chamber view Distance4i : Disk diameter in the four-chamber view ESV  LVLs 20 1 LV volume at end (mL)    ( Distance 2i  Distance 4i )  systole 4 20 i  1 1000 LVLs : The LV long-axis length at end systole in the two-chamber or four- chamber view (whichever is longer) Distance2i : Disk diameter in the two-chamber view Distance4i : Disk diameter in the four-chamber view SV EDV  ESV Stroke volume (mL) CO 1 Cardiac output (L/min) HR  SV  1000 EF 100  ( SV / EDV ) Ejection fraction (%) SI SV / BSA SV index (mL/m ) CI CO / BSA CO index (L/min/m ) SV4 EDV 4  ESV 4 ― (mL) CO4 1 ― (L/min) HR  SV 4  1000 EF4 100  ( SV 4 / EDV 4 ) ― (%) SI4 SV 4 / BSA ― (mL/m ) CI4 CO 4 / BSA ― (L/min/m ) SV2 EDV 2  ESV 2 ― (mL) C02 1 ― (L/min) HR  SV 2  1000 EF2 100  ( SV 2 / EDV 2 ) ― (%) SI2 SV 2 / BSA ― (mL/m ) CI2 CO 2 / BSA ― (L/min/m ) LVLd Diff 100  ( LVLd 4  LVLd 2 ) Difference in LV (%) LVLd 2 long-axis length at end diastole LVLs Diff 100  ( LVLs 4  LVLs 2 ) Difference in LV (%) LVLs 2 long-axis length at end systole BSA Refer to the Operation Manual Body surface (m ) <<Fundamentals>> volume. area 5-4

[Page 61] The LA volume can be measured using one of the following two types of measurement.  LA measurement (MOD Simpson method) The endocardial contour of the left atrium (LA) is traced on the apical long-axis cross- sectional images (two-chamber view and four-chamber view) acquired in 2D mode and the left atrial long axis is specified. The LA volume is then calculated as the sum of the volumes of 20 elliptical disks perpendicular to the LA long axis. LA volume calculation is also possible using only a two-chamber or four-chamber cross-sectional image. In this case, the LA volume is calculated as a sum of the volumes of 20 circular disks set on the corresponding image.  LA measurement (3-Axis method) The LA volume is calculated by measuring the width and length of the left atrium on the apical long-axis cross-sectional image (four-chamber view) that is acquired in 2D mode and measuring the depth of the left atrium on the left-ventricular long-axis image. 5-5

[Page 62] LA 4ch Tracing of the LA endocardial contour on the LAa4 (cm ) four-chamber cross-sectional image and setting of the LA LAd4 (mm) long-axis position LAV4 (mL) LA 2ch Tracing of the LA endocardial contour on the LAa2 (cm ) two-chamber cross-sectional image and setting of the LA LAd2 (mm) long-axis position LAV2 (mL) LA W Measurement of the width of the left atrium LA W (mm) LA H Measurement of the length of the left atrium LA H (mm) LA D Measurement of the depth of the left atrium LA D (mm) LAV π LAL DisCount LA volume (mL) × × ∑ (Distance 2i × Distance 4i ) ÷ 1000 4 DiskCount i = 1 LAL : The LA long-axis length in the two- chamber or four-chamber view (whichever is longer) DiskCount : Number of segments for long-axis length (20) Distance2i : Disk diameter in the two-chamber view Distance4i : Disk diameter in the four-chamber view LAVI LAV / BSA LAV index (mL/m ) LAVI2 LAV2 / BSA 2ch view (mL/m ) LAV index LAVI4 LAV4 / BSA 4ch view (mL/m ) LAV index *1 LAV (AL) 8/3/  * LAa4 * LAa2 / (L/10) LV volume (mL) L: LAd4 or LAd2 (whichever is shorter) (Area-Length method) *1 2 LAVI (AL) LAV (AL) / BSA LAV (AL) (mL/m ) Index LA_Vol  / 6 * LA W * LA H * LA D / 1000 LA volume (mL) LA_VI LA_Vol / BSA LA volume index (mL/m ) *1: When LA Volume calculation is performed using the Simpson method, calculation using the Area-Length method is also performed. The calculation result obtained using the Area-Length method is displayed on the Worksheet screen only. 5-6

[Page 63] 5-7

[Page 64] * An example of LV measurement (MOD Simpson method) is provided below. For LA measurement (MOD Simpson method), trace the endocardium of the left atrium in the same manner. (1) Display the end-diastolic four-chamber cross-sectional image. (2) Press . (3) Display the page of the application measurement menu. (4) Press . (5) Follow steps (a) to (f) to measure the LV volume. (a) Move the marker to the start point of the LV Example of continuous tracing endocardial contour on the apical long-axis Spline tracing (by setting points along the endocardial contour) cross-sectional image, and press . is also possible. (b) Trace the endocardial contour using . (c) Press to complete tracing. The LV long axis (which starts from the midpoint of the line connecting the start and end points) and the lines dividing the LV long axis into 20 segments are displayed. The end point can be moved using the trackball. (d) Adjust the LV long-axis end point (apex) position. (e) Press . The LV long axis and the segmentation lines are set. The LV volume is calculated as the sum of the volumes of 20 circular disks perpendicular to the LV long axis. (f) The segmentation lines are deleted when is operated. 5-8

[Page 65] (6) Press to enter cine mode. * The color of at the bottom right of the monitor changes to blue. (7) Operate on the cine screen to display the end-systolic four-chamber cross- sectional image. (8) Press . (9) Repeat steps (a) to (f) in (5) to calculate the LV volume on the end-systolic four-chamber cross- sectional image. (10) Display the end-diastolic two-chamber cross-sectional image. (11) Press . (12) Repeat steps (a) to (f) in (5) to measure the LV volume on the end-diastolic two-chamber cross- sectional image. (13) Press to enter cine mode. (14) Operate on the cine screen to display the end-systolic two-chamber cross- sectional image. (15) Press . (16) Repeat steps (a) to (f) in (5) to measure the LV volume on the end-systolic two-chamber cross- sectional image. 5-9

[Page 66] (17) Based on the end-diastolic four-chamber and two-chamber cross-sectional images and the end-systolic four-chamber and two-chamber cross-sectional images, the LV volumes at end diastole and end systole are displayed as the sum of the elliptical disks. (18) Perform measurement for LA in the same manner as for LV. NOTE: 1. The LV endocardium tracing method can be preset as Continuous or Spline Trace. 2. It is possible to preset whether or not the measurement marker remains displayed on the images during frame-advance playback in cine mode. 5-10

[Page 67] 5.2.2 LV measurement (Teichholz method) Diastole RVD Right ventricular diameter RVD (mm) IVSTd Interventricular septal thickness at end IVSTd (mm) diastole LVIDd LV short-axis diameter at end diastole LVIDd (mm) LVPWTd LV posterior wall thickness at end diastole LVPWTd (mm) Systole IVSTs Interventricular septal thickness at end IVSTs (mm) systole LVIDs LV short-axis diameter at end systole LVIDs (mm) LVPWTs LV posterior wall thickness at end systole LVPWTs (mm) EDV  7  LVIDd / 1000  /  2 . 4   LVIDd / 10   LV volume at end mL diastole ESV  7  LVIDs / 1000  /  2 . 4   LVIDs / 10   LV volume at end mL systole SV EDV  ESV Stroke volume mL CO 1 Cardiac output L/min HR  SV  1000 FS 100  ( LVIDd  LVIDs ) / LVIDd Fractional % shortening BSA Refer to the Operation Manual Body surface m <<Fundamentals>> volume. area LV MASSd 1 . 04    LVIDd  IVSTd  LVPWTd  3  LVIDd 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (ASE-Cube) mass at end diastole LV MASSd 1 . 04    LVIDd  IVSTd  LVPWTd  3  LVIDd 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (Penn-Cube) mass at end  13 . 6 diastole LV MASSd  7 . 0  (( IVSTd  LVIDd  LVPWTd ) / 10 ) 3 LV myocardial g 1 . 04  (Teichholz)  mass at end  2 . 4  IVSTd / 10  LVIDd / 10  LVPWTd / 10 diastole 7 . 0  ( LVIDd / 10 )    2 . 4  LVIDd / 10  5-11

[Page 68] LV MASSd 0.8  [ 1.04    LVIDd  IVSTd  LVPWTd  3  LVIDd 3  LV myocardial g (AV-Cube) mass at end / 1000 ]  0.6 diastole LV MASSs 1 . 04    LVIDs  IVSTs  LVPWTs  3  LVIDs 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (ASE-Cube) mass at end systole LV MASSs 1 . 04    LVIDs  IVSTs  LVPWTs  3  LVIDs 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (Penn-Cube) mass at end  13 . 6 systole LV MASSs  7 . 0  (( IVSTs  LVIDs  LVPWTs ) / 10 ) 3 LV myocardial g 1 . 04  (Teichholz)  mass at end  2 . 4  IVSTs / 10  LVIDs / 10  LVPWTs / 10 systole 7 . 0  ( LVIDs / 10 )    2 . 4  LVIDs / 10  LV MASSs 0 . 8  [ 1 . 04    LVIDs  IVSTs  LVPWTs   LVIDs 3  LV myocardial g (AV-Cube) mass at end / 1000 ]  0 . 6 systole LV MASSd LV MASSd / BSA LV mass index at g/m Index end diastole LV MASSs LV MASSs / BSA LV mass index at g/m Index end systole * The calculation methods for LV MASSd and LV MASSs can be selected and preset from among ASE-Cube, Penn-Cube, Teichholz, and AV-Cube. 5-12

[Page 69] [LV Teich.] * The other method (Cube or Gibson) can be selected as follows. 5-13

[Page 70] (1) Display the end-diastolic LV cross-sectional image. (2) Press . (3) Press in the application measurement menu. (4) Press . (5) Rotate the measurement marker using . (6) Perform measurement in parallel using the 2D-mode distance measurement * Either 4-segment (RVD-LVPWTd) or 3-segment (IVSTd-LVPWTd) can be set. Diastole RVD IVSTd LVIDd LVPWTd (7) Display the end-systolic LV cross-sectional image. (8) Press . (9) Rotate the measurement marker using . (10) Perform measurement in parallel using the 2D-mode distance measurement Systole IVSTs LVIDs LVPWTs 5-14

[Page 71] NOTE: 1. Functions of the switch The LV measurement items set in a measurement sequence can be started sequentially each time is pressed, without pressing the corresponding measurement switch on the touch panel. The measurement items to be started up differ depending on the preset (Type 1/Type 2). In addition, the measurement item to be started up next by pressing differs depending the measurement item that is selected first. <<Measurement start pattern>> Preset type Type 1 Type 2 Default selection [Diastole] [RVD] [Diastole] [RVD] [LVIDd] switch ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ [Systole] [IVSTd] [LVIDs] [IVSTd] [LVIDs] ↓ ↓ [LVIDd] [LVIDd] ↓ ↓ [LVPWTd] [LVPWTd] ↓ ↓ [IVSTs] [LVIDs] [LVIDs] [LVPWTs] 2. Default angle of the measurement marker The angle of the measurement marker that is displayed when is pressed can be preset. 3. Parallel measurement items for Diastole The segments that are measured in parallel after is pressed can be preset. 5-15

[Page 72] 5.2.3 LV measurement (Cube method) By pressing on the touch panel, the LV measurement method can be changed from LV measurement (Teichholz) to LV measurement (Cube). It is also possible to set LV measurement (Cube) as the default in the presets. The measurement items, calculation items, and measurement procedure (measurement points) are the same as for the Teichholz method (described in subsection 5.2.2). Only the LV volume calculation formula differs from that used in the Teichholz method. <<LV volume calculation formula>> LV volume at end diastole  LVIDd  EDV     10  LV volume at end systole  LVIDs  ESV     10  5.2.4 LV measurement (Gibson method) By pressing on the touch panel, the LV measurement method can be changed from LV measurement (Teichholz) to LV measurement (Gibson). It is also possible to set LV measurement (Gibson) as the default in the presets. The measurement items, calculation items, and measurement procedure (measurement positions) are the same as for the Teichholz method (described in subsection 5.2.2). Only the LV volume calculation formula differs from that used in the Teichholz method. <<LV volume calculation formula>> LV volume at end diastole  LVIDd   LVIDd  EDV  0 . 52   0 . 98   5 . 90      10   10  LV volume at end systole  LVIDs   LVIDs  ESV  0 . 52   1 . 14   4 . 18      10   10  5-16

[Page 73] 5.2.5 LV measurement (Single-plane (aka Area-Length) method) LV measurement (Single-plane (aka Area-Length)) can be preset instead of LV measurement (Teichholz). LVALd LV long-axis cross-sectional area at end diastole LVALd (cm ) LVLd LV long-axis length at end diastole LVLd (mm) LVALs LV long-axis cross-sectional area at end systole LVALs (cm ) LVLs LV long-axis length at end systole LVLs (mm) EDV 8 ( LVALd ) 2 LV volume at end diastole mL 3  × ( LVLd / 10 ) ESV 8 ( LVALs ) 2 LV volume at end systole mL 3  × ( LVLs / 10 ) SV EDV  ESV Stroke volume mL 5-17

[Page 74] LVLd (2D-mode distance measurement) LVALd (2D-mode area measurement) LVLs (2D-mode distance measurement) LVALs (2D-mode area measurement) 5-18

[Page 75] 5.2.6 LV measurement (Biplane method) LV measurement (Biplane) can be preset instead of LV measurement (Teichholz). LVALd LV long-axis cross-sectional area at end diastole LVALd (cm ) LVAMd LV short-axis cross-sectional area at the mitral valve level LVAMd (cm ) at end diastole LVIDd LV short-axis diameter at end diastole LVIDd (mm) LVALs LV long-axis cross-sectional area at end systole LVALs (cm ) LVAMs LV short-axis cross-sectional area at the mitral valve level LVAMs (cm ) at end systole LVIDs LV short-axis diameter at end systole LVIDs (mm) EDV 8 LVALd  LVAMd LV volume at end diastole mL 3   ( LVIDd / 10 ) ESV 8 LVALs  LVAMs LV volume at end systole mL 3   ( LVIDs / 10 ) SV EDV  ESV Stroke volum mL 5-19

[Page 76] [LV Biplane] LVALd (2D-mode area measurement) LVAMd (2D-mode area measurement) LVIDd (2D-mode distance measurement) LVALs (2D-mode area measurement) LVAMs (2D-mode area measurement) LVIDs (2D-mode distance measurement) 5-20

[Page 77] 5.2.7 LV measurement (Bullet method) LV measurement (Bullet) can be preset instead of LV measurement (Teichholz). LVAMd LV short-axis cross-sectional area at the mitral valve level LVAMd (cm ) at end diastole LVLd LV long-axis length at end diastole LVLd (mm) LVAMs LV short-axis cross-sectional area at the mitral valve level LVAMs (cm ) at end systole LVLs LV long-axis length at end systole LVLs (mm) EDV 5 LV volume at end diastole mL  LVAMd  LVLd / 10 ESV 5 LV volume at end systole mL  LVAMs  LVLs / 10 SV EDV  ESV Stroke volume mL [LV Bullet] 5-21

[Page 78] LVLd LVAMd LVLs LVAMs 5-22

[Page 79] 5.3 M-Mode Measurement (Cardiac) 5.3.1 Aortic valve measurement (Aortic Valve) Aortic valve measurement is performed on M-mode images. ET AoV Diam Ao Diam LA Diam Ao Diam Aortic diameter Ao Diam (mm) LA Diam Left atrial diameter LA Diam (mm) ET Ejection time ET (sec) AoV Diam Aortic valve diameter AoV Diam (mm) Item name Calculation formula Result display LA/AO LA Diam / Ao Diam LA/Ao 5-23

[Page 80] [Aortic Valve] (2) Display the page of the application measurement menu. (4) Measure the aortic diameter using the M-mode distance measurement procedure. (5) Press . (6) Measure the left atrial diameter using the M-mode distance measurement (7) Press . (8) Measure the aortic valve diameter using the M-mode distance measurement (9) Press . (10) Measure the ejection time (time during which the aortic valve is open) using the M-mode time measurement procedure. 5-24

[Page 81] 5.3.2 Mitral valve measurement (Mitral Valve) Mitral valve measurement is performed on M-mode images. << Measurement positions>> EPSS EF Slope CE Amp DE Amp CA Amp DE Slope EPSS Distance between the E-point and the EPSS (mm) interventricular septum EF Slope Diastolic descent rate of the mitral valve EF Slope (mm/s) CE Amp E-wave amplitude CE Amp (mm) CA Amp A-wave amplitude CA Amp (mm) DE Amp DE-wave amplitude DE Amp (mm) DE Slope Mitral valve opening rate DE Slope (mm/s) Item name Calculation formula Result display CA/CE CA AMP / CE AMP CA/CE 5-25

[Page 82] [Mitral Valve] (2) Display the page of the application measurement menu. Measure the distance between the E-point and the interventricular septum using the M-mode distance measurement procedure. (4) Press . Measure the diastolic descent rate of the mitral valve using the M-mode slope measurement procedure. (5) Press . Measure the E-wave amplitude using the M-mode distance measurement (6) Press . Measure the A-wave amplitude using the M-mode distance measurement (7) Press . Measure the DE-wave amplitude using the M-mode distance measurement (8) Press . Measure the mitral valve opening rate using the M-mode slope measurement 5-26

[Page 83] 5.3.3 LV measurement (Teichholz method) IVSTd RVD IVSTs LVIDs LVIDd LVPWTd LVPWTs Diastole RVD RV diameter RVD (mm) IVSTd Interventricular septal thickness at end IVSTd (mm) diastole LVIDd LV short-axis diameter at end diastole LVIDd (mm) LVPWTd LV posterior wall thickness at end diastole LVPWTd (mm) Systole IVSTs Interventricular septal thickness at end IVSTs (mm) systole LVIDs LV short-axis diameter at end systole LVIDs (mm) LVPWTs LV posterior wall thickness at end systole LVPWTs (mm) ET Ejection time ET (sec) EDV  7  LVIDd / 1000  /  2 . 4   LVIDd / 10   LV volume at end mL diastole ESV  7  LVIDs / 1000  /  2 . 4   LVIDs / 10   LV volume at end mL systole SV EDV  ESV Stroke volume mL FS 100  ( LVIDd  LVIDs ) / LVIDd Fractional % shortening SI SV / BSA SV Index mL/m CI CO / BSA CO Index L/min/m MVCF FS / 100 / ET ― 5-27

[Page 84] BSA Refer to the Operation Manual Body surface m <<Fundamentals>> volume. area LV MASSd 1 . 04    LVIDd  IVSTd  LVPWTd  3  LVIDd 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (ASE-Cube) mass at end diastole LV MASSd 1 . 04    LVIDd  IVSTd  LVPWTd  3  LVIDd 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (Penn-Cube) mass at end  13 . 6 diastole LV MASSd  7 . 0  (( IVSTd  LVIDd  LVPWTd ) / 10 ) 3 LV myocardial g 1 . 04  (Teichholz)  mass at end  2 . 4  IVSTd / 10  LVIDd / 10  LVPWTd / 10 diastole 7 . 0  ( LVIDd / 10 )    2 . 4  LVIDd / 10  LV MASSd 0.8  [ 1.04    LVIDd  IVSTd  LVPWTd  3  LVIDd 3  LV myocardial g (AV-Cube) mass at end / 1000 ]  0.6 diastole LV MASSs 1 . 04    LVIDs  IVSTs  LVPWTs  3  LVIDs 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (ASE-Cube) mass at end systole LV MASSs 1 . 04    LVIDs  IVSTs  LVPWTs  3  LVIDs 3  / 1000 LV myocardial g (Penn-Cube) mass at end  13 . 6 systole LV MASSs  7 . 0  (( IVSTs  LVIDs  LVPWTs ) / 10 ) 3 LV myocardial g 1 . 04  (Teichholz)  mass at end  2 . 4  IVSTs / 10  LVIDs / 10  LVPWTs / 10 systole 7 . 0  ( LVIDs / 10 )    2 . 4  LVIDs / 10  LV MASSs 0 . 8  [ 1 . 04    LVIDs  IVSTs  LVPWTs   LVIDs 3  LV myocardial g (AV-Cube) mass at end / 1000 ]  0 . 6 systole LV MASSd LV MASSd / BSA LV mass index at g/m Index end diastole LV MASSs LV MASSs / BSA LV mass index at g/m Index end systole * The calculation formulas for LV MASSd and LV MASSs can be selected and preset from among ASE-Cube, Penn-Cube, Teichholz, and AV-Cube. 5-28

[Page 85] [LV Teich.] * The other method (Cube or Gibson) can be selected as follows. 5-29

[Page 86] (2) Press in the application measurement menu. (3) Measure the cardiac lumen parameters at end diastole. * This procedure measures three segments in the left ventricle (IVSTd-LVPWTd). It is also possible to preset the method for measuring four segments (RVD-LVPWTd). (a) Press . (b) Move the marker to the right ventricular side of the interventricular septum at end diastole and then press A vertical line is set. (c) Move the marker to the left ventricular side of the interventricular septum at end diastole and then press (d) Move the marker to the endocardial side of the LV posterior wall at end diastole and press . (e) Move the marker to the epicardial side of the LV posterior wall at end diastole and press . (4) The marker for measuring the cardiac lumen parameters at end systole is By performing steps (b) to (e) in (3) above, measure the interventricular septal thickness, LV endocardial diameter, and LV posterior wall thickness at end systole. (5) The LV volume, ejection fraction, etc. are calculated based on the measurement results and displayed. * By pressing , the calculation formula can be reselected from [Cube], [Teichholz], and [Gibson] and displayed. 5-30

[Page 87] NOTE: It is possible to proceed to the next LV measurement item by simply pressing or on the main panel instead of pressing the corresponding measurement switch on the touch panel. The start order of the measurement items can be preset. (1) Starting the measurement items for the LV lumen in end diastole When is pressed to start parallel measurement and then is pressed after the measurement is set, the next measurement item is started automatically. The segments to be measured can be preset. <<Measurement start pattern>> Preset 3 sections 4 sections type [IVSTd] [RVD] ↓ ↓ [LVIDd] [IVSTd] ↓ ↓ [LVPWTd] [LVIDd] [LVPWTd] (2) Starting the next measurement item automatically by pressing When the measurement is set by pressing , the next measurement item is started automatically. The item started by pressing depends on the preset. The first measurement item started when is pressed also depends on the preset described in (1). <<Measurement start pattern>> Preset type Type 1 Type 2 Default selection [Diastole] [Diastole] [LVIDd] switch ↓ ↓ ↓ [Systole] [LVIDs] [LVIDs] 5-31

[Page 88] NOTE: (3) Starting the next measurement item automatically by pressing When measurement is started by pressing [RVD], the next measurement item is started automatically when is pressed. The start order of measurement items depends on the preset. <<Measurement start pattern>> Preset Type 1 Type 2 type [RVD] [RVD] ↓ ↓ [IVSTd] [IVSTd] ↓ ↓ [LVIDd] [LVIDd] ↓ ↓ [LVPWTd] [LVPWTd] ↓ ↓ [IVSTs] [LVIDs] [LVIDs] [LVPWTs] 5-32

[Page 89] 5.3.4 LV measurement (Cube method) By pressing on the touch panel, the LV measurement method can be changed from LV measurement (Teichholz) to LV measurement (Cube). It is also possible to set LV measurement (Cube) as the default in the presets. The measurement items, calculation items, and measurement procedure (measurement positions) are the same as for the Teichholz method (described in subsection 5.3.3). Only the LV volume calculation formula differs from that used in the Teichholz method. <<LV volume calculation formula>> LV volume at end diastole  LVIDd  EDV     10  LV volume at end systole  LVIDs  ESV     10  5.3.5 LV measurement (Gibson method) By pressing on the touch panel, the LV measurement method can be changed from LV measurement (Teichholz) to LV measurement (Gibson). It is also possible to set LV measurement (Gibson) as the default in the presets. The measurement items, calculation items, and measurement procedure (measurement positions) are the same as for the Teichholz method (described in subsection 5.3.3). Only the LV volume calculation formula differs from that used in the Teichholz method. <<LV volume calculation formula>> LV volume at end diastole  LVIDd   LVIDd  EDV  0 . 52   0 . 98   5 . 90      10   10  LV volume at end systole  LVIDs   LVIDs  ESV  0 . 52   1 . 14   4 . 18      10   10  5-33

[Page 90] 5.4 Doppler-Mode Measurement (Cardiac) 5.4.1 Aortic valve measurement (Aortic) Aortic valve function is evaluated based on the blood flow waveform. AoV V Trace * VTI on the aortic valve blood flow waveform AoV VTI (cm) Mean velocity on the aortic valve blood flow AoV VM (cm/s) waveform Maximum velocity on the aortic valve blood flow AoV VP (cm/s) waveform Mean pressure gradient on the aortic valve blood AoV MPG (mmHg) flow waveform Maximum pressure gradient on the aortic valve AoV PPG (mmHg) blood flow waveform LVOT V Trace * VTI on the blood flow waveform for the LV outflow LVOT VTI (cm) tract Mean velocity on the blood flow waveform for the LVOT VM (cm/s) LV outflow tract Maximum velocity on the blood flow waveform for LVOT VP (cm/s) the LV outflow tract Mean pressure gradient on the blood flow LVOT MPG (mmHg) waveform for the LV outflow tract Maximum pressure gradient on the blood flow LVOT PPG (mmHg) waveform for the LV outflow tract LVOT Diam LV outflow tract diameter LVOT Diam (mm) AcT Acceleration time AcT (sec) ET Ejection time ET (sec) AoV Vel Velocity at the aortic valve AoV Vel (cm/s) Pressure gradient at the aortic valve AoV PG (mmHg) LVOT Vel Velocity in the LV outflow tract LVOT Vel (cm/s) Pressure gradient in the LV outflow tract LVOT PG (mmHg) AR V Trace * Mean velocity on the aortic valve regurgitation AR VM (cm/s) waveform Maximum velocity on the aortic valve AR VP (cm/s) regurgitation waveform Mean pressure gradient on the aortic valve AR MPG (mmHg) regurgitation waveform Maximum pressure gradient on the aortic valve AR PPG (mmHg) regurgitation waveform Decel Rate Maximum velocity on the aortic valve AR Vmax (cm/s) regurgitation waveform End-diastolic velocity on the aortic valve AR Ved (cm/s) regurgitation waveform Duration of the aortic valve regurgitation Time (sec) waveform Deceleration rate on the aortic valve regurgitation Decel Rate (cm/s ) waveform 5-34

[Page 91] Ao Diam Aortic diameter Ao Diam (mm) LA Diam Left atrium diameter LA Diam (mm) * Velocity trace measurement When velocity trace measurement [LVOT V Trace], [AV V Trace], or [AR V Trace] is performed, the parameter values are calculated using the following formulas. VTI   V [ i ] VP i  1 V [i] V [ i ] i  1 VM  PPG  4  VP 0 i n time 2 T 4   V [ i ] i  1 MPG  5-35

[Page 92] LVOT SV  2 Stroke volume mL ( LVOT Diam )  LVOT VTI / 100 LVOT CO HR  LVOT SV / 1000 Cardiac output L/min LVOT SI LVOT SV / BSA SV index mL/m LVOT CI LVOT CO / BSA CO index L/min/m AoV Area  2 Aortic valve area (by cm LVOT Diam  LVOT VTI 4 equation of continuity) AoV VTI  100 AoV Area AoV Area ― ― Index BSA LA/Ao LA Diam / Ao Diam ― ― PHT  1   AR V max  Pressure half time sec  1       Time    2   AR V max  AR Ved  Qp/Qs (SV) PV SV / LVOT SV ― ― Qp/Qs (CO) PV CO / LVOT CO ― ― AcT/ET AcT / ET ― ― RF (**) If MV SV > LVOT SV, MR is assumed to Regurgitant fraction % be present. MV SV  LVOT SV RF ( MV )   100 MV SV If MV SV < LVOT SV, AR is assumed to be present. LVOT SV  MV SV RF ( AoV )   100 LVOT SV R Vol (**) MV SV > LVOT SV Regurgitation volume mL R Vol ( MV )  MV SV  LVOT SV MV SV < LVOT SV R Vol ( AoV )  LVOT SV  MV SV LVOT/AoV LVOT VP Maximum velocity in ― (VP) AoV VP the LV outflow tract Maximum velocity at the aortic valve LVOT/AoV LVOT VTI VTI in the LV outflow ― (VTI) AoV VTI tract VTI at the aortic valve LVOT/AoV LVOT Vel Velocity in the LV ― (Vel) AoV Vel outflow tract Velocity at the aortic valve 5-36

[Page 93] (2) Display the page of the application measurement menu. AoV V Trace 5-37

[Page 94] (4) Press . LVOT V Trace NOTE: In the AoV V Trace or LVOT V Trace measurement, Range measurement can be selected as the velocity trace method using . In Range measurement, auto trace is performed for the specified range. To adjust the auto trace line, use and . (5) Press . Perform measurement using the 2D-mode distance measurement procedure. 5-38

[Page 95] (6) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure. AcT AcT (7) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure. ET ET (8) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure. AoV Vel 5-39

[Page 96] (9) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure. LVOT Vel (10) Press . AR V Trace (11) Press . Perform measurement using the Doppler-mode slope measurement procedure. Decel Rate AR Vmax AR Vmax  AR Ved Decel Rate  Time AR Ved AR PGmax  4  AR Vma x AR PGed  4  AR Ved Time 5-40

[Page 97] (12) Press . Perform measurement using the 2D-mode distance measurement procedure. Diastole Ao Diam (13) Press . Perform measurement using the 2D-mode distance measurement procedure. Systole LA Diam 5-41

[Page 98] 5.4.2 Mitral valve measurement (Mitral) Mitral valve function is evaluated based on the blood flow waveform. E Vel E-wave velocity E Vel (cm/s) A Vel A-wave velocity A Vel (cm/s) Decel Time Deceleration time DcT (sec) E' Vel E'-wave velocity E' Vel (cm/s) A' Vel A'-wave velocity A' Vel (cm/s) E Dur E-wave duration E Dur (sec) A Dur A-wave duration A Dur (sec) IVRT Isovelocity relaxation time IVRT (sec) MV V Trace * VTI on the mitral valve blood flow waveform MV VTI (cm) Maximum velocity on the mitral valve blood flow MV VP (cm/s) waveform Mean velocity on the mitral valve blood flow MV VM (cm/s) waveform Maximum pressure gradient on the mitral valve MV PPG (mmHg) blood flow waveform Mean pressure gradient on the mitral valve blood MV MPG (mmHg) flow waveform MV DistA Mitral valve diameter A MV DistA (mm) MV DistB Mitral valve diameter B MV DistB (mm) MV Area (2D) Mitral valve area MV Area (2D) (cm ) MVA PHT Pressure Half Time PHT (sec) dP/dt Rate of LV pressure rise dP/dt (mmHg/s) dt (sec) Vel 1 (cm/s) Vel 2 (cm/s) dP/dt -1, -3 m/s Rate of LV pressure rise dP/dt (mmHg/s) dt (sec) Vel 1 (cm/s) Vel 2 (cm/s) 5-42

[Page 99] * Velocity trace measurement When velocity trace measurement [MV V Trace] is performed, the parameter values are calculated using the following formulas. VTI   V [ i ] i  1 VP V [i]  V [ i ] i  1 VM  PPG  4  VP 0 i n time 2 T 4   V [ i ] i  1 MPG  E/A E Vel / A Vel ― ― A/E A Vel / E Vel ― ― E/E' abs ( E Vel / E ' Vel ) ― ― SV  MV DistA MV DistB Stroke volume mL    MV VTI 4 10 10 MVArea 220 /( PHT  1000 ) Mitral valve area cm PHT 2 2 dP/dt 4  ( Vel 2  Vel 1 )/ dt /10000 Doppler MR jet, rate of mmHg/s LV pressure rise RF (**) If MV SV > LVOT SV, MR is assumed to Regurgitant fraction % be present. MV SV  LVOT SV RF ( MV )   100 MV SV If MV SV < LVOT SV, AR is assumed to be present. LVOT SV  MV SV RF ( AoV )   100 LVOT SV R Vol (**) MV SV > LVOT SV Regurgitation volume mL R Vol ( MV )  MV SV  LVOT SV MV SV < LVOT SV R Vol ( AoV )  LVOT SV  MV SV Diff A Dur A Dur ( MV )  PVA Dur sec 5-43

[Page 100] (2) Display the page of the application measurement menu. * It is possible to preset E-wave measurement so that [E Vel], [Decel Time], and [MVA PHT] are measured together. The following steps are for measuring [E Vel] and [Decel Time] together. (a) Move the cross marker to the peak of the E-wave and then press . A dashed line is displayed. (b) Move the marker so that the dashed line overlaps the waveform. When the marker reaches the baseline, press . The deceleration time between the peak and the baseline is measured. E Vel A Vel DcT (4) The marker for [A Vel] measurement is displayed. Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure. 5-44

[Page 101] (5) Move the marker to the interventricular septum. (6) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure. (7) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure.  E' Vel sep, A' Vel sep (8) Unfreeze the image and press to start live display of the 2D-mode image. Move the marker to the anterior wall of the left ventricle and press to start live display of the PWD-mode data. (9) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure. (10) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure.  E' Vel lat, A' Vel lat * E/E' (mean), E/E' (sep), and E/E' (lat) are calculated. 5-45

[Page 102] (11) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure. (12) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure. (13) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure.  IVRT, E Dur, A Dur IVRT E Dur A Dur PCG (14) Press . MV V Trace (15) Press . Perform measurement using the 2D-mode area measurement procedure. 5-46

[Page 103] (16) Press . * If E-wave measurement is preset so that PHT measurement is performed together, PHT can be measured during [E Vel] measurement. (a) Move the marker to the peak velocity point and then press . The Vp value is determined, and the line indicating Vp/ 2 and the second marker are displayed. (b) Move the second marker so that the dashed line overlaps the Doppler waveform and press . MVA PHT PHT (17) Display the page of the application measurement menu. 5-47

[Page 104] (18) Press or .  When is pressed (a) Move the marker to the -1 m/s velocity position on the Doppler waveform, and then press . (b) Move the marker to the -3 m/s velocity position on the Doppler waveform, and then press . dP/dt dt - 1m/s - 3m/s 2 2 4  ( Vel 2  Vel 1 ) 1 dP / dt   dt 1000  When is pressed (a) Move the marker to the intersection of the Doppler waveform and the -1 m/s velocity line, and then press . (b) Move the marker to the intersection of the Doppler waveform and the -3 m/s velocity line, and then press . dP/dt (-1, -3m/s) dt -1m/s -3m/s 2 2 4  {(  3 )  (  1 ) ) 1 dP / dt (  1 ,  3 m / s )   dt 1000 5-48

[Page 105] 5.4.3 Pulmonary vein blood flow measurement (Pulmo. Vein) The pulmonary vein blood flow parameters are measured based on the pulmonary vein blood flow waveform. S1 Vel S1-wave velocity S1 Vel (cm/s) S2 Vel S2-wave velocity S2 Vel (cm/s) D Vel D-wave velocity D Vel (cm/s) Decel Time Deceleration time DcT (sec) PVA Vel AR-wave velocity PVA Vel (cm/s) PVA Dur Atrium reversal duration PVA Dur (sec) S VTI * S-wave VTI S VTI (cm) D VTI * D-wave VTI D VTI (cm) * Velocity trace measurement When velocity trace measurement [S VTI] or [D VTI] is performed, the parameter values are calculated using the following formulas. VTI   V [ i ] i  1 V [i] 0 i n time Item name Calculation formula Unit S/D S Vel / D Vel ― S Vel  larger data , abs ( S 1 Vel ) or abs ( S 2 Vel ) Sys. Fract. S VTI /( S VTI  D VTI ) ― Diff A Dur A Dur ( MV )  PVA Dur sec 5-49

[Page 106] [Pulmo.Vein] S2 Vel D Vel S1 Vel PVA Dur DcT PVA Vel S VTI D VTI 5-50

[Page 107] 5.4.4 Tricuspid valve measurement (Tricus.) Tricuspid valve function is evaluated based on the blood flow waveform for the tricuspid valve. TV E Vel E-wave velocity TV E Vel (cm/s) TV A Vel A-wave velocity TV A Vel (cm/s) TV DcT Deceleration time TV DcT (sec) TV V Trace * VTI on the tricuspid valve blood flow waveform TV VTI (cm) Maximum velocity on the tricuspid valve blood TV VP (cm/s) flow waveform Mean velocity on the tricuspid valve blood flow TV VM (cm/s) waveform Maximum pressure gradient on the tricuspid valve TV PPG (mmHg) blood flow waveform Mean pressure gradient on the tricuspid valve TV MPG (mmHg) blood flow waveform TR V Trace * VTI on the tricuspid valve regurgitation waveform TR VTI (cm) Maximum velocity on the tricuspid valve TR VP (cm/s) regurgitation waveform Mean velocity on the tricuspid valve regurgitation TR VM (cm/s) waveform Maximum pressure gradient on the tricuspid valve TR PPG (mmHg) regurgitation waveform Mean tricuspid pressure gradient on the valve TR MPG (mmHg) regurgitation waveform TR Vmax Maximum tricuspid valve regurgitation velocity TR Vmax (cm/s) Maximum tricuspid valve regurgitation pressure TR PGmax (mmHg) gradient RA Press Estimated right atrial pressure RA Press (mmHg) * Velocity trace measurement When velocity trace measurement [TV V Trace] or [TR V Trace] is performed, the parameter values are calculated using the following formulas. VTI   V [ i ] VP i  1 V [i]  V [ i ] i  1 VM  PPG  4  VP 0 i n time 2 T 4   V [ i ] i  1 MPG  5-51

[Page 108] Item name Calculation formula Unit RVs Press TR PGmax  RA Press mmHg E/A E Vel / A Vel ― A/E A Vel / E Vel ― [Tricus.] (2) Press in the application measurement menu. Move the marker to the peak of the E-wave and press . (4) Press . Move the marker to the peak of the A-wave and press . 5-52

[Page 109] (5) Press . (a) Move the marker to the peak of the E-wave and press . (b) Move the marker so that the dashed line overlaps the waveform. When the center of the marker reaches the baseline, press .  TV E Vel, TV A Vel, TV DcT TV E Vel TV A Vel TV DcT (6) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity trace measurement  TV V Trace TV V Trace 5-53

[Page 110] (7) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity trace measurement  TR V Trace TR V Trace (8) Press . Move the marker to the peak velocity point and press .  TR V max TR V max (9) Press . The dialog box shown below is displayed on the monitor. Enter a value from the keyboard and select [OK] to set the value. 5-54

[Page 111] 5.4.5 Pulmonary valve measurement (Pulmo.) Pulmonary valve function is evaluated based on the blood flow waveform for the pulmonary valve. PV V Trace * VTI on the pulmonary valve blood flow waveform PV VTI (cm) Maximum velocity on the pulmonary valve blood PV VP (cm/s) flow waveform Mean velocity on the pulmonary valve blood flow PV VM (cm/s) waveform Maximum pressure gradient on the pulmonary PV PPG (mmHg) valve blood flow waveform Mean pressure gradient on the pulmonary valve PV MPG (mmHg) blood flow waveform PV Diam Pulmonary valve diameter PV Diam (mm) RV PEP Preejection period RV PEP (sec) RV AcT Acceleration time RV AcT (sec) RV ET Ejection time RV ET (sec) PR V Trace * VTI on the pulmonary valve regurgitation PR VTI (cm) waveform Maximum velocity on the pulmonary valve PR VP (cm/s) regurgitation waveform Mean velocity on the pulmonary valve PR VM (cm/s) regurgitation waveform Maximum pressure gradient on the pulmonary PR PPG (mmHg) valve regurgitation waveform Mean pressure gradient on the pulmonary valve PR MPG (mmHg) regurgitation waveform PR Ved Pulmonary valve regurgitation velocity at end PR Ved (cm/s) diastole PR PGed (mmHg) RA Press Estimated right atrial pressure RA Press (mmHg) * Velocity trace measurement When velocity trace measurement [PV V Trace] or [PR V Trace] is performed, the parameter values are calculated using the following formulas. VTI   V [ i ] VP i  1 V [i]  V [ i ] i  1 VM  PPG  4  VP 0 i n time 2 T 4   V [ i ] i  1 MPG  5-55

[Page 112] AcT/ET RV AcT / RV ET ― ― STI RV PEP / RV ET ― ― PV SV  2 Stroke volume mL  PV Diam   PV VTI / 100 PV CO HR  PV SV / 1000 Cardiac output L/min PV SI PV SV / BSA SV index mL/m PV CI PV CO / BSA CO index L/min/m Qp/Qs (SV) PV SV / LVOT SV ― ― Qp/Qs (CO) PV CO / LVOT CO ― ― PAs Press 4  PR Ved  PR Ved / 10000  RA Pess ― mmHg 5-56

[Page 113] (2) Press in the application measurement menu. PV V Trace (4) Press . Perform measurement using the 2D-mode distance measurement procedure. PV Diam (5) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure. (6) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure. 5-57

[Page 114] (7) Press . Perform measurement using the time measurement procedure.  RV PEP, RV AcT, RV ET RV Act RV PEP RV ET (8) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity trace measurement PR V Trace (9) Press . Perform measurement using the velocity measurement procedure. PR Ved 5-58

[Page 115] (10) Press . The dialog box shown below is displayed on the monitor. Enter a value from the keyboard and select to set the value. 5-59

[Page 116] 5.5 Extra Measurements 5.5.1 LV Mass AL (Area-Length) The LV myocardial mass is calculated. A epi Area within the epicardial contour on the LV A epi (cm ) short-axis image A endo Area within the endocardial contour on the LV A endo (cm ) short-axis image LVL LV long-axis length LVL (mm) t ( A epi  100 ) ( A endo  100 ) LV myocardial mm thickness   LV Mass  5 5  LV myocardial g 1 . 05    Aepi   LVL  t  / 10   A endo  LVL / 10   6 6  mass MassIdx LV Mass / BSA ― g/m [LV Mass AL] 5-60

[Page 117] (4) Press the switch for the desired item and perform measurement. A endo LVL A epi 5-61

[Page 118] 5.5.2 LV Mass TE (Truncated Ellipsoid) LV Mass TE (Truncated Ellipsoid) measurement can be preset instead of LV Mass AL (Area-Length) measurement. A epi Area within the epicardial contour on the LV A epi (cm ) short-axis image A endo Area within the endocardial contour on the LV A endo (cm ) short-axis image a Refer to the figure on the next page. a (mm) d Refer to the figure on the next page. d (mm) t ( A epi  100 ) ( A endo  100 ) LV myocardial mm   thickness LV Mass  LV myocardial mass g  ( d ) 3  A endo t 2 2 ( a  t ) d 10 1 . 05    (  )  (      10 3 10 10 2   a  t   3      10  3   d     A endo 2 a d  10     (       3 10 10 3  a   3      10   MassIdx LV Mass / BSA ― g/m [LV Mass TE] 5-62

[Page 119] (4) Press the switch for the desired item and perform measurement. A endo A epi 5-63

[Page 120] 5.5.3 PISA The flow volume is calculated using the PISA method. NOTE: It is recommended that the measurement of [Radius] (PISA radius) and acquisition of [Alias Vel] (aliasing velocity) be performed in CDI (2D single) mode. Radius PISA radius Radius (mm) Alias Vel Alias velocity Alias Vel (cm/s) Vel Trace Regurgitation velocity trace VP (cm/s) VTI (cm) PPG (mmHg) MPG (mmHg) Flow Rate 2  PAI  ( Radius / 10 ) 2  ( Alias Vel ) Instantaneous flow mL/s volume EO Area abs ( Flow Rate / VP ) Effective opening area cm Flow Vol abs ( EOArea  VTI ) Flow volume mL [PISA] 5-64

[Page 121] (4) Press in the application measurement menu. (5) Press the switch for the desired item and perform measurement. Radius Vel Trace (6) Press . The dialog box shown below is displayed on the monitor. Enter a value for the color bar alias velocity from the keyboard and select to set the value. Alias Vel 31 cm/s 5-65

[Page 122] 5.5.4 Coronary Base Vel Velocity before loading Vel base (cm/s) Hyper Vel Velocity after loading Vel Hyper (cm/s) Base V Trace Velocity trace before loading VP base (cm/s) VM base (cm/s) DcT base (sec) PHT base (sec) Hyper V Trace Velocity trace after loading VP hyper (cm/s) VM hyper (cm/s) DcT hyper (sec) PHT hyper (sec) CFR Vel | Vel hyper / Vel base | Coronary flow reserve (velocity) ― CFR VP | VP hyper / VP base | Coronary flow reserve ― (maximum velocity) CFR VM | VM hyper / VM base | Coronary flow reserve (mean ― velocity) (4) Press in the application measurement menu. 5-66

[Page 123] (5) Press the switch for the desired item on the touch panel and perform measurement. Coronary [LAD Vel] / [RCA Vel] Vel base Vel hyper [LAD V Trace] / [RCA V Trace] Base V Trace PHT DcT Hyper V Trace PHT DcT 5-67

[Page 124] 6. Application Measurement (Vascular) Blood flow and the appearance of the carotid artery can be measured in 2D mode or Doppler mode. Set Exam Type to Carotid in the Patient Registration screen. 6.1 Carotid1 When Carotid1 is selected for Application Preset, the Carotid1 application measurement menu is displayed on the touch panel when is pressed. 6.1.1 2D-mode measurement (1) Select [Right] - [CCA] - [Prox.] (example) from the top row on the touch panel. Then, select the measurement tool [Distance] etc. Refer to section 2 "2D-Mode/CDI-Mode Measurements" for details concerning the operating procedures. 6-1

[Page 125] 2D-mode Right/Left Target vessel Region measurement types Right/Left CCA : Common Carotid Prox. (Proximal) Distance / IMT / Artery Mid. (Middle) %Stenosis Area / %Stenosis Distance Dist. (Distal) Repre (Representative) Right/Left ICA : Internal Carotid Prox. (Proximal) Distance / IMT / Artery Mid. (Middle) %Stenosis Area / %Stenosis Distance Dist. (Distal) Repre (Representative) Right/Left ECA : External Carotid Prox. (Proximal) Distance / IMT / Artery Mid. (Middle) %Stenosis Area / %Stenosis Distance Dist. (Distal) Repre (Representative) Right/Left Subc A : Subclavian Artery Distance / IMT / ― %Stenosis Area / %Stenosis Distance Right/Left Vert A : Vertebral Artery Distance / IMT / ― %Stenosis Area / %Stenosis Distance The measurement results are displayed together on the screen for each measurement position. Dist Distance Dist (mm) mean IMT Mean Intima-Media Thickness meanIMT (mm) Intima-Media Thickness IMT1 (mm) Intima-Media Thickness IMT2 (mm) Intima-Media Thickness IMT3 (mm) %S Area %Stenosis Area %S Area (%) Lumen Area Lumen (cm ) Residual Area Residual (cm ) %S Dist %Stenosis Dist %S Dist (%) %Stenosis Area %S Area (%) Lumen Distance Lumen (mm) Residual Distance Residual (mm) 6-2

[Page 126] 6.1.2 Doppler-mode measurement (1) Select [Right] - [CCA] - [Prox.] (example) from the top row on the touch panel. Then, select the measurement tool [PS Vel] etc. Refer to section 4 "Doppler-Mode Measurements" for details concerning the operating procedures. Doppler-mode Right/Left Target vessel Region measurement types Right/Left CCA : Common Carotid Prox. (Proximal) PS Vel / ED Vel / Artery Mid. (Middle) Velocity Trace Dist. (Distal) Repre (Representative) Right/Left ICA : Internal Carotid Prox. (Proximal) PS Vel / ED Vel / Artery Mid. (Middle) Velocity Trace Dist. (Distal) Repre (Representative) Right/Left ECA : External Carotid Prox. (Proximal) PS Vel / ED Vel / Artery Mid. (Middle) Velocity Trace Dist. (Distal) Repre (Representative) Right/Left Subc A : Subclavian Artery PS Vel / ED Vel / Velocity Trace Right/Left Vert A : Vertebral Artery PS Vel / ED Vel / Velocity Trace 6-3

[Page 127] The measurement results are displayed together on the screen for each measurement position. The display items and calculation formula differ depending on the initially selected presets. (2) Items calculated based on the measurement results Values can be calculated based on the measurement results. Calculation item Description S/D PS Velocity S / D  ED Velocity ICA/CCA (PS)*1 PS Velocity ( ICA ) ICA / CCA ( PS )  PS Velocity ( CCA ) ICA/CCA (ED)*1 ED Velocity ( ICA ) ICA / CCA ( ED )  ED Velocity ( CCA ) ICA/CCA (Vmax)*1 V max( ICA ) ICA / CCA ( V max)  V max( CCA ) ICA/CCA (Ved)*1 Ved ( ICA ) ICA / CCA ( Ved )  Ved ( CCA ) *1: The ICA/CCA values are displayed in the Worksheet screen. The measurement value can be displayed next to the ICA/CCA field by selecting the corresponding body part examined. 6.1.3 Measurement value display on the Worksheet screen When the same vascular measurement item is measured more than once, it is possible to display the average, maximum, or latest value of the measurement results as the value shown on the Worksheet screen. Select AVG (average value), MAX (maximum value), or LAT (latest value) in the list box on the right of the measurement results. NOTE: If two or more measurements have been performed for a single item, be sure to check each measurement result using the worksheet function. If an unexpected value is obtained, it will affect the mean value. 6-4

[Page 128] 6.2 Carotid1 (Auto-IMT Measurement) The Auto-IMT measurement function performs automatic tracing and measurement within the specified ROI and displays the results. When Carotid1 is selected for Application Preset, pressing displays the application measurement (Carotid1) menu on the touch panel. To change the measurement menu to be displayed when is pressed, refer to subsection 11.3 "Confirmation of the Automatic Measurement Start Item". 6.2.1 Touch panel menu When the Auto-IMT tab is selected, the following menu is displayed. Switch Description Right Right side (of the patient) Left Left side (of the patient) CCA Common carotid artery Bulb Carotid bulb ICA Internal carotid artery Anterior Imaging from the front Lateral Imaging from the side Posterior Imaging from the rear 6-5

[Page 129] CAUTION: Auto-IMT measurement display 1. When a measurement is performed using the Auto-IMT tool, measurement values are displayed to 3 decimal places; however, depending on the characteristics of the image, an accuracy of 0.001 may not always be achieved. 2. Based on (1) above, the measured and calculated values should only be used as reference values. A prime (') is added to measurement values and values calculated using measurement values. Restrictions: Though measurement values are displayed to 3 decimal places, when a mark is moved on the screen, the measurement value may change in increments of greater than 0.001. This is because marks can be moved in steps of 1 pixel on the screen, and due to the resolution of ultrasound images, movement by 1 pixel may correspond to a measurement change of more than 0.001. 6-6

[Page 130] 6.2.2 Measurement method (1) Display an image of a carotid artery in 2D mode. Set [2D Reference Cursor Display] to ON for AutoIMT in the preset menu to display the reference cursor. The MEAS EDIT dial can be used to move the reference cursor to the left or right. Use this cursor for reference when the distance from a specific position is used to define the measurement position. (2) Freeze the image. Use the trackball to display the image to be used for measurement. (3) Select a measurement item, such as , from the upper row of switches on the touch panel and select the direction from which imaging is performed, such as , from the lower row of switches on the touch panel. The ROI for tracing is displayed. (4) Set the ROI position by specifying the start and end points using the trackball and . Automatic tracing is performed in the ROI, and the trace results are Reference cursor 6-7

[Page 131] (5) When the trace results are displayed, the switch and switches for modification of the trace lines are displayed in the lower part of the touch panel. Switch Description <1> Accept Sets (registers) the trace results and adds them to the worksheet. The message in the MDA title field reads "Accepted". Until this switch is pressed, the trace lines can be modified. <2> Undo Undoes the previous operation. <3> Trace Line Displays/hides the trace lines. <4> Near-Far Specifies which line (toward the wall or away from the wall) is to be modified. <5> Intima-Media Specifies which line (toward the intima or toward the media) is to be modified. <6> Smooth Adjusts the smoothness of the trace lines. <7> Parallel Moves the trace lines horizontally. <8> Caliper Edit Displays the arrow cursor. The area to be modified can be specified by moving this cursor using the trackball, and the trace line can be modified using 6-8

[Page 132] 6.2.3 Worksheet screen Pressing displays the Worksheet screen. On the Worksheet screen, all the measurement values and all the calculation results obtained based on these measurement values are displayed. To change the display, refer to section 11 "Presetting". From the second page of the worksheet, the representative values for each region are displayed. The highest of the maximum values for a region is displayed for "max", and the mean of the mean values for a region is displayed for "mean". For example, for Right CCA, the highest of the maximum values measured for each region in Right CCA is displayed for "max", and the mean of the mean values measured for each region in Right CCA is displayed for "mean". NOTE: If two or more measurements have been performed for a single item, be sure to check each measurement result using the worksheet function. If an unexpected measurement value is obtained, it will affect the mean value. ● Example of Carotid1 Auto-IMT display (page 1) ● Example of Carotid1 Auto-IMT display (last page) 6-9 *

[Page 133] 7. Obstetric Measurement (OB) 7.1 Outline of OB Measurement Data for determining fetal growth is calculated and displayed based on the fetal size measurement results. The data is calculated based on previously obtained statistical clinical data (hereinafter referred to as "author") registered in the system. Before using the OB measurement function, select the authors most appropriate for the purpose, referring to section 11 "Presetting". Even if the same fetal measurement value is input, the calculation result may differ depending on the selected author. It is recommended that mixing of measurement charts from different authors be avoided. As far as possible, only one author should be selected. The author that is to be used should be selected based on the clinical judgment of a specialist. Do not attempt to establish a diagnosis based solely on the calculation results obtained by this system. The final diagnosis must be based on an overall clinical evaluation of the patient. CAUTION: 1. Enter the correct data for LMP (start date of the last menstrual period), IVF (in vitro fertilization date), CLIN (current date and current gestational age), or PREV (date of previous examination and gestational age on that date). Incorrect entry of these parameters will result in incorrect EDD (estimated date of delivery) calculation. 2. This system can measure multiple fetuses up to quadruplets. Be careful not to misidentify any fetus when diagnosing fetal growth. <<Abbreviations>> The following abbreviations are used in this operation manual and on the monitor display. Abbreviation Full name EDD Estimated date of delivery LMP Last menstrual period CLIN Clinical date GA Gestational age IVF Invitro fertilization date PREV Previous date GR Gravida P Para EFW Estimated fetal weight CNS Fetal central nervous system U/S GA Gestational age calculated from values obtained by ultrasound measurement 7-1

[Page 134] 7.2 Patient Registration for OB Measurement *1: The OB measurement data cannot be stored in the system or updated for exam types other than OB, Endo-Vaginal, and Fetal Heart. *2: Select the OB date information input type from the table below. Fetal growth evaluation based on X.XXSD or %tile is not possible if OB date information has not been entered. If the OB date information has not been entered on the Patient Registration screen, use the GA Input function to input (or edit) the information. Input Calculation method EDD (estimated delivery date) LMP = EDD – 280 days GA = System date – LMP CLIN (gestational age on the LMP = System date – GA date of examination) EDD = LMP + 280 days LMP (last menstrual period) EDD = LMP + 280 days GA = System date – LMP IVF (in-vitro fertilization date) LMP = IVF – 14 days EDD = IVF + 266 days GA = System date – LMP PREV (date of previous LMP = PREV – GA calculated based on PREV examination) EDD = LMP + 280 days GA = System date – LMP 7-2

[Page 135] 7.3 OB Measurement Menu on the Touch Panel When OB measurement is started, the OB measurement switches are displayed on the touch panel. Press the switch for the desired measurement. No. Switch Function <1> Measurement Routine : Pregnancy routine items pages Routine Addition : Pregnancy routine items Doppler : Doppler measurement items Cardiac/CNS : Items based on cardiac study guidelines/items based on central nervous system guidelines Extreniti... : Bone examination Gyn. : Gynecological items that are measured by other than the Doppler method <2> Delete Deletes the most recent measurement value and measurement *1 <3> Clear All Deletes all of the measurement results. <4> Caliper Edit Enables editing of the measurement marker position. <5> GA Input Enables input and editing of the OB date information. Refer to subsection 7.6 "Updating the OB Date Information during an Examination (GA Input)". <6> Worksheet/Save Displays the Worksheet screen or Save confirmation screen (the screen to be displayed can be preset). <7> Trend Displays the trend graph. 7-3

[Page 136] No. Switch Function <8> Display Type Switches the measurement result display type.  Current : Only the items for which the measurement marker is displayed are displayed.  Registered: The results for the registered measurement items and calculation items are always displayed. <9> Fetus Selects fetus (A, B, C, D). <10> Application (OB) For details of each measurement item, refer to subsection 7.6 "List of measurement OB Measurements and OB Calculation Items". switches *1: The measurement data obtained for other application types is not deleted when [Clear All] is pressed. Also, the values that were entered on the Patient Registration screen or using the GA Input function in the OB measurement menu are not deleted. 7-4

[Page 137] 7.4 Measurement Methods Specific to OB Measurements For details of the basic measurement methods that are also used in OB measurements, refer to the sections on the basic measurements (sections 2 to 4). This subsection only provides information on measurement methods that are specific to OB measurements. 7.4.1 Amniotic fluid index (AFI) The space assuming that the uterine cavity is divided into four chambers around the umbilicus and the sum of the maximum depth in each chamber is calculated. The four distances (Q1 to Q4) are measured using distance measurement or circle measurement (the measurement method can be preset). Even if AFI measurement is discontinued by unfreezing the image, the measurement can be resumed by starting AFI measurement again. NOTE: 1. The AFI value is displayed when at least one of the four distances is measured. 2. If AFI is selected after Q4 has been measured, measurement for Q1 is started again. 3. Only the preset measurement method can be used for AFI measurement. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) measurement procedure using the circle measurement method is described below. The type of circle measurement (Both Ends or Balloon) can be preset. In both methods, diameters are displayed as the measurement results. NOTE: Amniotic fluid pocket (AFP) measurement can also be performed using the circle measurement method. (1) Circle measurement - Both Ends Set the start point. Set a circle. Set the measurement. <1> Select [AFI]. <4> Operate to <5> Press . change the diameter of the circle (position of the second point). 7-5

[Page 138] (2) Circle measurement - Balloon Start measurement. Set a circle. Set the measurement. <1> Select [AFI]. <2> Operate to move <4> Press . the marker to the center of the target A region. <3> Rotate the dial around or to adjust the radius. 7.4.2 NB (Nasal Bone)/NT (Nuchal Translucency)/NF (Nuchal Fold) measurement Distance measurement or Thickness measurement is used for NT measurement. Select one in the preset menu. The measurement and modification procedures for Thickness measurement are the same as for MeanIMT measurement. Refer to subsection 2.7 "MeanIMT Measurement". However, unlike MeanIMT measurement, measurement is performed at only one position. NOTE: 1. The system can be preset so that the measurement results obtained in Thickness measurements can be displayed to two decimal places. For NT or NB values, a prime (') is displayed in front of the value to indicate that the value is a reference. Depending on the characteristics of the image, however, it may not be possible to obtain a value that is accurate to two decimal places. Use the measurement and calculation values displayed to two decimal places only for reference. 2. A single quotation mark (') is added not only to the NT measurement values but also to the calculation results obtained based on the measurement values. 3. Although the markers can be moved in steps of 1 pixel on the screen, this does not correspond to an indicated value change of 0.01 due to the resolution of ultrasound images. The indicated value changes in increments greater than 0.01 as a mark is moved. 7-6

[Page 139] 7.4.3 CTAR measurement In CTAR measurement, the ratio of the areas of two ellipses (cardiac area / thoracic area  100 (%)) and the angle between the axes of the ellipses (cardiac axis) are obtained. First measure the thoracic area (posterior to anterior) and then measure the cardiac area (base to apex). The items that are output can be preset using "CTAR Tool (Available after PR)" of the preset menu.  Only Ratio  Ratio and Axis  Ratio and Axis (with P Area) When Ratio and Axis (with P Area) is selected, the normal range for the P point is displayed in pink. RV LV RA L LA R Spine Location of point P 96.3 % NOTE: 1. Set the start point for thoracic area measurement on the spine. If measurement is performed with the start point set at a location other than the spine, correct measurement results cannot be obtained. 2. Do not perform CTAR measurement using a horizontally flipped image. Correct measurement results cannot be obtained. 7-7

[Page 140] Set the start point for Measure the thoracic Measure the cardiac thoracic area measurement area. area. (on the spine). <1> Select [CTAR]. <4> Set an ellipse by <6> Set an ellipse for performing the same cardiac area procedure as for measurement by [Ellipse] in Area performing the same <2> Operate to move measurement. procedure as in step 1. the marker to the start   point on the spine. <5> Press . <7> Press . <3> Press . The marker for cardiac area measurement is *1 *1: The pink area indicating the normal range of the P point is displayed when the measurement item is preset to Ratio and Axis (with P Area). 7-8

[Page 141] 7.4.4 Maxilla Angle (Facial Maxilla Angle) measurement The angle formed by setting three markers is measured, assuming that the second marker represents the apex. Note that an angle of 180  or less is output as the measurement value. Set the start point. Set the second marker Set the measurement. (apex of the angle). <1> Select [Maxilla Angle]. <4> Move the second <6> Move the third marker marker (apex of the angle) using Move the third marker using <7> Press . <5> Press . 7.4.5 DV (Ductus Venosus) measurement When an interval of the Doppler waveform is measured, the maximum velocity in systole (S), maximum velocity in diastole (D), maximum velocity in atrial systole (a), mean velocity (Vm_peak), and HR are measured. At the same time, PIV, PVIV, a/S, and S/a are calculated. The results obtained by automatic measurements can be edited manually. NOTE: Perform DV measurement using the Doppler waveform for a single cardiac cycle. Otherwise, correct results cannot be obtained. 7-9

[Page 142] 7.5 Calculation Items The following items are calculated based on the measurement results. (1) EFW (Estimated Fetal Weight) EFW is calculated from the measured values for the fetal regions and is then displayed. The measurement items required for calculation differ depending on the author. EFW will not be calculated or displayed if the measurement items required for the selected author have not yet been obtained. If the calculation result is outside the range specified by the author, "***" is displayed next to the value. When "Extrapolated" is preset to On, an EFW value in the range of 26 g < EFW < 6500 g but outside the range specified by the author may be displayed as a reference value. When such a value is displayed, the "^" mark (representing "Extrapolated") is displayed on the left of the value. (2) GA (Gestational Age) GA is calculated from the measured values for the fetal regions based on the selected author data. Refer to section 10 for details. (3) U/S GA The GA values obtained based on the ultrasound measurement values are simply averaged and the result value is displayed as the gestational age. Whether or not U/S GA is calculated and the items that are used to calculate U/S GA can be preset. The data for the items for which the GA value is not displayed (because the result is out of the range specified by the author or the author data is not available) is not used to calculate the U/S GA value. (4) U/S EDD The estimated delivery date calculated based on U/S GA is displayed. (5) HC (Cal.) HC (Cal.) is calculated and displayed based on the BPD and OFD measurement results. Whether or not HC (Cal.) is calculated and whether or not it is used for EFW and Ratio calculations can be preset. * When HC (Cal.) is used for EFW calculation, EFW is not displayed if HC (Cal.) has not been calculated (even if HC has been measured). 7-10

[Page 143] (6) AC (Cal.) AC (Cal.) is calculated and displayed based on the APAD and TAD measurement results. Whether or not AC (Cal.) is calculated and whether or not it is used for EFW and Ratio calculations can be preset. * When AC (Cal.) is used for EFW calculation, EFW is not displayed if AC (Cal.) has not been calculated (even if AC has been measured). (7) HC/AC HC/AC is calculated and displayed on the Worksheet screen when measurement or calculation results are available for both HC and AC. Whether or not the result for this item is displayed can be preset. * The HC/AC value is not displayed in the following cases. Calculation result Result display Within the range from 13 to 40 weeks "NOT VALID" is displayed. Outside the range specified for the "?" is displayed in front of the result gestational age value. (8) FL/AC FL/AC is calculated and displayed on the Worksheet screen when measurement or calculation results are available for both FL and AC. Whether or not the result for this item is displayed can be preset. * The FL/AC value is not displayed in the following cases. Calculation result Result display Within the range from 14 to 21 weeks The ratio range is not displayed. Outside the range from 22 to 42 weeks "NOT VALID" is displayed. The calculation result (ratio) is outside the "?" is displayed in front of the result range from 20% to 24%. value. (9) FL/BPD FL/BPD is displayed on the Worksheet screen when measurement results are available for FL and BPD. Whether or not the result for this item is displayed can be preset. * The FL/BPD value is not displayed in the following cases. Calculation result Result display Outside the range from 23 to 40 weeks "NOT VALID" is displayed. The calculation result (ratio) is outside the "?" is displayed in front of the result range from 71% to 87%. value. 7-11

[Page 144] (10) CI (Cephalic Index) CI = (Short axis/long axis)  100 CI is displayed when "Ellipse" or "Cross" is used for HC measurement. CI is displayed on the Worksheet screen when HC has been measured using the Ellipse or Cross method. Whether or not the result of this item is displayed can be preset. * The CI value is not displayed in the following cases. Calculation result Result display Outside the range from 14 to 40 weeks "NOT VALID" is displayed. The calculation result (ratio) is outside the "?" is displayed in front of the result range from 70% to 86%. value. (11) FL/HC FL/HC is calculated and displayed on the Worksheet screen when measurement or calculation results are available for both FL and HC. Whether or not the result for this item is displayed can be preset. * The FL/HC value is not displayed in the following cases. Calculation result Result display Outside the range from 15 to 42 weeks "NOT VALID" is displayed. Outside the range specified for the "?" is displayed in front of the result gestational age value. (12) RI (Resistance Index), PI (Pulsatility Index) RI and PI are calculated by the following formulas according to the presets. It is possible to set [RI Calc. Method for OB] and [PI Calc. Method for OB] individually.  When Ved is selected for the calculation method RI : Resistance Index  (Vmax  Ved)/Vmax PI : Pulsatilit y Index  (Vmax  Ved)/Vmean  When Vmin is selected for the calculation method RI : Resistance Index  (Vmax  Vmin)/Vmax PI : Pulsatilit y Index  (Vmax  Vmin)/Vmea n 7-12

[Page 145] (13) PIV PIV = |S-a| / |Vm_peak| This item is calculated and displayed only when the measurement results for S, a, and Vm_peak in DV measurement are available. (14) PVIV PVIV = |S-a| / |D| This item is calculated and displayed only when the measurement results for S, a, and D in DV measurement are available. (15) a/S a/S = |a/S| This item is calculated and displayed only when the measurement results for S and a in DV measurement are available. (16) S/a S/a = |S/a| This item is calculated and displayed only when the measurement results for S and a in DV measurement are available. 7-13

[Page 146] 7.6 List of OB Measurements and OB Calculation Items (1) 2D *1 AA Abdominal Area Chitty FG AC Abdominal Circumference ASUM FG+GA *1 BMUS (drvd) Identical *1 CFEF Identical *1 Chitty (drvd) Identical *1 Chitty (pltd) Identical *1 Deter FG *1 Hadlock FG +GA *1 Jeanty Identical *1 JSUM FG +GA Merz FG+GA *1 Anterior-Posterior Abdominal Merz Identical APAD Diameter *2 AFI Amniotic Fluid Index Moore FG AFP Amniotic Fluid Pocket ― ― BPD Biparietal Diameter ASUM FG+GA CFEF Identical *1 Chitty (O-i) FG +GA *1 Chitty (O-O) FG +GA *1 Hadlock FG +GA *1 Hansmann FG +GA *1 Jeanty FG +GA *1 JSUM FG +GA *1 Kurtz FG +GA Merz FG+GA *1 *1 Sabbagha FG C.S.P Cavum septi pellucidi ― ― CER Cerebellum Goldstein FG+GA Hill FG+GA *1 Cervix Len Cervical Length ― ― *1 CLAV Clavicle Length Yarkoni FG +GA CM Cisterna Magna ― ― 7-14

[Page 147] CRL Crown-rump Length ASUM FG+GA BMUS GA Daya GA Hadlock FG+GA Hansmann FG+GA Jeanty GA JSUM FG+GA Nelson GA Robinson FG+GA CTAR Cardiothoracic Area Ratio ― ― CTAR A CTAR Area A (Thoracic Area) ― ― CTAR B CTAR Area B (Cardiac Area) ― ― CARD-Axis Cardiac Axis ― ― EFW Estimated Fetal Weight Brenner (BPD, HC, AC, FL) FG Campbell (AC) ― *1 Hadlock1 (AC, FL) Identical *1 Hadlock2 (BPD, AC, FL) Identical *1 Hadlock3 (HC, AC, FL) Identical *1 Hadlock4 (BPD, HC, AC, FL) Identical Hansmann (BPD, THC) FG *1 JSUM (BPD, AC, FL) FG +GA Merz1 (BPD, AC) ― Merz2 (AC) ― *1 Osaka (BPD, FTA, FL) Identical *1 Persson (BPD, MAD, FL) FG Shepard (BPD, AC) ― Schild (HC, AC, FL) ― Williams (BPD, HC, AC, FL) FG *1 FIB Fibula Chitty Identical Merz FG *1 F Kidney Kidney length Bertagnoli FG 7-15

[Page 148] FL Femur Length ASUM FG+GA BMUS FG *1 +GA CFEF Identical *1 Chitty FG *1 +GA Hadlock FG *1 +GA Hansmann Identical Hohler GA Jeanty FG *1 +GA JSUM FG *1 +GA Merz FG+GA Nicolaides Identical *1 O'Brien Identical Osaka Identical *1 Warda FG+GA *1 Foot Foot Length Chitty Identical Mercer FG+GA *1 FTA Fetal trunk cross-sectional Osaka Identical Area GS Gestational Sac Diameter Hellman FG+GA Tokyo FG+GA Daya GA HA Head area Chitty FG+GA HC Head Circumaference ASUM FG+GA *1 BMUS (drvd) FG +GA CFEF Identical *1 Chitty (drvd) FG +GA *1 Chitty (pltd) FG +GA *1 Hadlock FG +GA Hansmann Identical *1 Jeanty FG +GA Merz FG+GA *1 Hem Cerebral Hemisphere Nicolaides Identical HL Humerus ASUM FG+GA Chitty Identical *1 Jeanty FG *1 +GA Merz Identical 7-16

[Page 149] IOD Inner Orbital Diameter ― ― Maxilla Angle Facial Maxilla Angle ― ― Maxilla Length Facial Maxilla Length ― ― NB Nasal Bone Bunduki FG Sonek FG NF Neck Fold ― ― NT Nuchal Translucency ― ― Ocular D Ocular Diameter ― ― OFD Occipito Frontal Diameter ASUM FG+GA *1 Chitty Identical Hansmann Identical *1 Jeanty Identical Merz Identical OOD Outer Orbital Diameter Jeanty GA Mayden GA *1 RAD Radius Chitty Identical Merz Identical TAD Transverse Abdominal CFEF FG Diameter Merz Identical TC Thoracic Circumference ― ― TCD Total Cardiac Dimension ― ― THD Thoracic Diameter Hansmann Identical *1 TIB Tibia Chitty Identical Jeanty FG *1 +GA Merz Identical *1 Ulna Ulna Chitty Identical Jeanty FG *1 +GA Merz Identical Umb VD Umbilical Vein Diameter ― ― *1 Va Cerebral Anterior Ventricle Nicolaides Identical Diameter *1 Vp Cerebral Posterior Ventricle Nicolaides Identical Diameter *2 Va/Hem Va/Hem Nicolaides FG *2 Vp/Hem Vp/Hem Nicolaides FG YS Yolk Sac ― ― 7-17

[Page 150] (2) Doppler DV S Ductus Venosus ― ― Peak systolic velocity DV D Ductus Venosus ― ― Peak endsystolic velocity DV a Ductus Venosus ― ― Peak velocity during atrial contraction DV Vm_Peak Ductus Venosus Time- ― ― averaged maximum velocity DV HR Ductus Venosus ― ― HR Calculated by Trace wave *2 PIV (S-a) / Vm_peak Baschat FG Ductus Venosus Peak Velocity *2 PVIV (S-a) / D Baschat FG Ductus Venosus Peak Velocity Index *2 a/S a/S Baschat FG Ductus Venosus Preload Index *2 S/a S/a Baschat FG Ductus Venosus S/a ratio FHR Fetal Heart Rate ― ― *2 Fetal Ao PI Fetal Aorta PI Harrington FG *2 Mai FG *2 *2 Fetal Ao RI Fetal Aorta RI Mai FG *2 Fetal Ao Vp Fetal Aorta Vp ― ― Fetal Ao Vmin Fetal Aorta Vmin ― ― Fetal Ao Ved Fetal Aorta Ved ― ― Fetal Ao Fetal Aorta Vm_peak ― ― Fetal Ao Fetal Aorta Vm_mean ― ― Fetal Ao S/D Fetal Aorta S/D ― ― Fetal Ao HR Fetal Aorta HR ― ― 7-18

[Page 151] *2 MCA PI Middle Cerebral Artery PI Bahlman FG *2 Harrington FG *2 JSUM FG *2 Mai FG *2 *2 MCA RI Middle Cerebral Artery RI Bahlman FG *2 JSUM FG *2 Mai FG *2 MCA Vp Middle Cerebral Artery Vp ― ― MCA Vmin Middle Cerebral Artery Vmin ― ― MCA Ved Middle Cerebral Artery Ved ― ― MCA Vm_peak Middle Cerebral Artery ― ― MCA Vm_mean Middle Cerebral Artery ― ― MCA S/D Middle Cerebral Artery S/D ― ― MCA HR Middle Cerebral Artery HR ― ― *2 Umb A PI Umbilical Artery PI Harrington FG *2 JSUM FG *2 Mai FG *2 Merz FG *2 *2 Umb A RI Umbilical Artery RI JSUM FG *2 Mai FG *2 Merz FG *2 Umb A Vp Umbilical Artery Vp ― ― Umb A Vmin Umbilical Artery Vmin ― ― Umb A Ved Umbilical Artery Ved ― ― Umb A Vm_peak Umbilical Artery Vm_peak ― ― Umb A Umbilical Artery Vm_mean ― ― Umb A S/D Umbilical Artery S/D ― ― Umb A HR Umbilical Artery HR ― ― *2 Lt Uterin PI Left Uterin Artery PI Merz FG *2 *2 Lt Uterin RI Left Uterin Artery RI Merz FG *2 7-19

[Page 152] Lt Uterin Vp Left Uterin Artery Vp ― ― Lt Uterin Vmin Left Uterin Artery Vmin ― ― Lt Uterin Ved Left Uterin Artery Ved ― ― Lt Uterin Left Uterin Artery Vm_peak ― ― Lt Uterin Left Uterin Artery Vm_mean ― ― Lt Uterin S/D Left Uterin Arrery S/D ― ― *2 Rt Uterin PI Right Uterin Artery PI Merz FG *2 *2 Rt Uterin RI Right Uterin Artery RI Merz FG *2 Rt Uterin Vp Right Uterin Artery Vp ― ― Rt Uterin Vmin Right Uterin Artery Vmin ― ― Rt Uterin Ved Right Uterin Artery Ved ― ― Rt Uterin Right Uterin Artery Vm_peak ― ― Rt Uterin Right Uterin Artery Vm_mean ― ― Rt Uterin S/D Right Uterin Arrery S/D ― ― Lt Ovarian A PI Left Ovarian Artery PI ― ― Lt Ovarian A RI Left Ovarian Artery RI ― ― Lt Ovarian A Vp Left Ovarian Artery Vp ― ― Lt Ovarian A Left Ovarian Artery Vmin ― ― Vmin Lt Ovarian A Ved Left Ovarian Artery Ved ― ― Lt Ovarian A Left Ovarian Artery Vm_peak ― ― Lt Ovarian A Left Ovarian Artery Vm_mean ― ― Lt Ovarian A S/D Left Ovarian Artery S/D ― ― Rt Ovarian A PI Right Ovarian Artery PI ― ― Rt Ovarian A RI Right Ovarian Artery RI ― ― Rt Ovarian A Vp Right Ovarian Artery Vp ― ― Rt Ovarian A Right Ovarian Artery Vmin ― ― Vmin Rt Ovarian A Right Ovarian Artery Ved ― ― Ved Rt Ovarian A Right Ovarian Artery ― ― Vm_peak Vm_peak Rt Ovarian A Right Ovarian Artery ― ― Vm_mean Vm_mean 7-20

[Page 153] Rt Ovarian A Right Ovarian Artery S/D ― ― S/D Placenta PI Placenta PI ― ― Placenta RI Placenta RI ― ― Placenta Vp Placenta Vp ― ― Placenta Vmin Placenta Vmin ― ― Placenta Ved Placenta Ved ― ― Placenta Placenta Vm_peak ― ― Placenta Placenta Vm_mean ― ― Placenta S/D Placenta S/D ― ― Lt Renal A PI Left Renal Artery PI ― ― Lt Renal A RI Left Renal Artery RI ― ― Lt Renal A Vp Left Renal Artery Vp ― ― Lt Renal A Vmin Left Renal Artery Vmin ― ― Lt Renal A Ved Left Renal Artery Ved ― ― Lt Renal A Left Renal Artery Vm_peak ― ― Lt Renal A Left Renal Artery Vm_mean ― ― Lt Renal A S/D Left Renal Artery S/D ― ― Rt Renal A PI Right Renal Artery PI ― ― Rt Renal A RI Right Renal Artery RI ― ― Rt Renal A Vp Right Renal Artery Vp ― ― Rt Renal A Vmin Right Renal Artery Vmin ― ― Rt Renal A Ved Right Renal Artery Ved ― ― Rt Renal A Right Renal Artery Vm_peak ― ― Rt Renal A Right Renal Artery Vm_mean ― ― Rt Renal A S/D Right Renal Artery S/D ― ― *1: When "Extrapolated" is preset to On as described in subsection 11.2.28 "OB Behavior", the range for which the GA result is displayed is extended to a maximum of 45 weeks for some authors. The range of extension differs for each author. Refer to section 10 "OB Measurement Chart Data" for details. The "^" mark (representing "Extrapolated") is displayed on the left of GA results in the extrapolated range. *2: Available for trend graph only 7-21

[Page 154] 7.7 Measurement Items That Can Be Selected in the Gyn. Menu The following measurement can be performed from the Gyn. menu. Item name Formal nomenclature Type of measurement Lt Ovary Left Ovarian Volume Volume measurement Rt Ovary Right Ovarian Volume Volume measurement Lt Follicle1-8 Left Follicle Volume Volume measurement Rt Follicle1-8 Right Follicle Volume Volume measurement Uterus Uterine Volume Volume measurement Endometrium Endometrium Distance measurement or IMT measurement (can be preset) Lesion1-6 Cyst Volume Volume measurement 7-22

[Page 155] 7.8 Updating the OB Date Information During an Examination (GA Input) The OB date information can be updated using the following method. *1: The OB date data that is displayed differs depending on the input type. Input type Display LMP LMP, GA, EDD EDD LMP, GA, EDD PREV LMP, GA, EDD CLIN LMP, GA, EDD IVF IVF, GA, EDD *2: Enter the OB date directly from the keyboard or select the date from the calendar that is displayed by pressing the calendar switch. *3: When the date information is changed using the GA Input function after a measurement in which GA calculation is performed, the EDD value that is calculated based on the calculated GA value is displayed as the result. *4: The type of GA value to be used for EDD calculation differs depending on the setting for "Method of OB Weeks" described in subsection 11.2.28 "OB Behavior". *5: If a date results in a GA value outside the range from 0w1d to 45w0d, the [OK] button is disabled. 7-23

[Page 156] 7.9 Trend Graph (Trend) The trend graph can be displayed using the following method. The current values and the values stored in the system are plotted to display the growth curve. <<Example of single-frame display (Single)>> *1: Whether the trend graph is displayed in the single-frame format (Single) or in the 4-frame format (Quad) when the trend graph function is started can be preset. *2: When measurement has been performed for multiple fetuses, a different mark is displayed for each fetus. The "  " mark is displayed overlapping the fetus mark for edited values or values outside the range specified by the author. *3: The data for the day indicated by the red vertical line on the graph is displayed in this area. *4: When "Extrapolated" is preset to On as described in subsection 11.2.28 "OB Behavior", the range for which the GA result is displayed is extended to a maximum of 45 weeks for some authors. In this case, "Extrapolated" is displayed on the trend graph. The fetus marks are not changed even when the graph is displayed in extrapolated mode. 7-24

[Page 157] <<Example of 4-frame display (Quad)>> *1: Whether the trend graph is displayed in single-frame format (Single) or in 4-frame format (Quad) when the trend graph function is started can be preset. NOTE: 1. If the EFW calculation method used for the current examination differs from that used for the previous examination for the same patient, the previous data is not plotted on the graph. The previous data can be plotted by changing the current author to the author used to obtain the previous data, but then the EFW for the current examination is not plotted. Do not change the EFW calculation method for the same patient. 2. When the measurement results are displayed in "Mean" mode on the Worksheet screen, the mean values displayed on the Worksheet screen are plotted on the trend graph for the current examination. When the measurement results are displayed in "Most Recent" mode, the most recent values are plotted. 3. When the measurement results are displayed in "Mean" mode on the Worksheet screen, "Averaged" is displayed on the trend graph. When the measurement results are displayed in "Most Recent" mode, no indication is Whether "Averaged" is displayed or not depends on the currently set result display mode on the Worksheet screen, not on the mode that was set at the time the previous data was saved. 7-25

[Page 158] 7.10 OB Worksheet Pressing after OB measurement displays the OB Worksheet screen. On the OB Worksheet screen, the measured items, items to be calculated based on the measurement results, and calculation items that have been selected in the preset menu are displayed. In the standard setting, all of the measurement results and mean values are displayed. NOTE: 1. The latest three measurement results are stored for each OB measurement item. If the same item is measured more than three times, the oldest result is overwritten. The latest three measurement results can be checked on the Worksheet screen. 2. If two or more measurements have been performed for a single item, be sure to check each measurement result using the worksheet function. If an unexpected measurement value is obtained, it will affect the mean value. No. Switch Function <1> Send Outputs the measurement data (refer to section 9 for details). *1 <2> Clear All Deletes all measurement data and measurement calipers. <3> OB 2D Worksheet Displays the 2D measurement and calculation results. <4> Doppler Worksheet Displays the Doppler measurement and calculation results. <5> Gyn Worksheet Displays the Gyn measurement and calculation results. <6> Comment Page Displays the Comment page. <7> Anatomy Displays the anatomy diagnosis results. * This can be displayed by presetting. <8> Data List Displays the Data List (for entering, or deleting previously acquired data). <9> Save Stores the measurement results in the OB database. <10> Trend Displays the Trend graph. <11> Fetus Enables selection of the fetus. Fetus A/Fetus B/Fetus C/Fetus D/Fetus All *1: The measurement data obtained for other application types is not deleted when [Clear All] is pressed. Also, the values that were entered on the Patient Registration screen or using the GA Input function in the OB measurement menu are not deleted. 7-26

[Page 159] 7.10.1 OB 2D Worksheet *1: When U/S GA is set to be calculated using the preset menu or Worksheet screen, the U/S GA and US EDD calculation results are displayed. *2: It is possible to preset the display of for the data used for calculating U/S GA. The check mark can be removed or displayed on the Worksheet screen. *3: It is possible to preset the display of "&" for the data used for calculating EFW. 7-27

[Page 160] 7.10.2 OB Doppler Worksheet *1: Select this checkbox to display the data for all the items that were calculated using the Doppler trace method. To display only the items specified in the preset menu, deselect this checkbox. 7-28

[Page 161] 7.10.3 Gyn Worksheet *1: This information is displayed only when Gyn measurement is performed together with OB measurement and OB date information has been input. 7-29

[Page 162] 7.10.4 Comment screen (1) Pressing displays the screen below. (2) Press to display the image selection screen shown below. The images stored by pressing are displayed in the image selection area. 7-30

[Page 163] (3) Select an image to be displayed on the Comment screen and press . Up to 22 images can be selected. (4) To close the Comment screen and return to the Worksheet screen, press one of the switches with "Worksheet" on its label. 7-31

[Page 164] 7.10.5 Anatomy function Pressing displays the Anatomy screen. Registered items and findings can be displayed as desired on this screen. (1) Entry of items (a) To enter an item name Place the cursor in an item field, press , and enter a character string. Then, press [Enter] or . (B) To add a blank row Click . (c) To delete a row To delete a row, delete all the character strings in the entry fields of the row. 7-32

[Page 165] (2) Entry of findings Enter a finding directly or select one from the drop-down list. Then, press [Enter] or (a) To add a finding to the drop-down list Enter a character string in the findings field and press the [Enter] key. Then double-click the findings field to display the [Add] switch. Click [Add] to add the character string in the field to the bottom of the list. (b) To specify the default finding Double-click the field containing the finding to be displayed by default and select [Initial]. The finding is displayed as the default for the next and subsequent patients. (c) To delete a finding from the drop-down list Place the cursor on the finding to be deleted in the drop-down list and double- click it to display the menu. Click [Delete] in the menu to delete the selected finding from the drop-down list. (3) Biophysical When the biophysical items are displayed, click [Biophysical] to hide them. To redisplay the biophysical items, click [Biophysical] again. When values are set for all the five items in the Biophysical area, the total score is calculated automatically and displayed in the "Total" field. (4) General information on the Anatomy screen (a) The settings on the Anatomy screen (items, options in the findings drop-down list, and show/hide of the Biophysical items) are retained until the Anatomy screen is started up next time. (b) The Anatomy screen is managed individually for each fetus and the data input on this screen is maintained until the measurement is terminated. (c) The Anatomy screen cannot be saved. Print it if required. 7-33

[Page 166] 7.10.6 Data List Pressing displays the Data List screen. Previously acquired OB measurement data that is stored in the system can be confirmed or deleted on the Data List screen. It is also possible to enter measurement data for examinations performed in the past. NOTE: 1. For items that are calculated based on the measurement results for multiple items, the item label and the calculation result are not displayed on the Data List screen or in the worksheet if any of the items required for calculation have not been measured. 2. If the exam data for the specified date has been calculated using an author other than the one currently selected in the system, the following may result.  The calculation results output using the current author are different from those obtained based on the measurement data for the previous  The previous measurement data do not include the measurement items that are required for calculation with the currently selected author, and the calculation results are not displayed. * The screen below is displayed during the Data List screen startup process. 7-34

[Page 167] 7.10.6.1 Data List screen Select the desired previous exam date. A list of the datasets stored for the patient on the selected exam date is displayed. The author, measurement value display type (Mean or Most Recent), and calculation method are displayed according to the current settings of the corresponding preset items. (1) Data List display for the 2D items *1: If all of the measurement datasets required for EFW (estimated fetal weight) calculation are available, the EFW value is displayed. When the check box "Extrapolated on" in the preset menu is selected, the EFW is displayed as a reference value in the range of 26 g ≤ EFW ≤ 6500 g, which is outside the range specified by the author. <No.> Switch Function <1> Deletes the OB measurement data for the currently displayed Refer to subsection 7.10.6.3 "Deleting the previous exam data" for details. <2> Displays the Insert screen for the 2D items. OB measurement data can be input for the specified date. Refer to subsection 7.10.6.2 "Insert screen" for details. 7-35

[Page 168] (2) Data List display for the Doppler items <No.> Switch Function <1> Deletes the OB measurement data for the currently displayed Refer to subsection 7.10.6.3 "Deleting the previous exam data" for details. <2> Displays the Insert screen for the 2D items. 7-36

[Page 169] 7.10.6.2 Insert screen Pressing on the Data List screen displays the Insert screen, on which measurement data can be entered for the previous exam date that has been selected. NOTE: If data for 18 days already exists for the patient, the Insert screen is not displayed even when [Insert] is pressed. Instead, an error message is (a) When no data (OB measurement values or OB calculation values) for the patient exists in the system The Insert screen is displayed as shown below. For a 2D mode item, up to three values can be entered. Enter the value starting from the box immediately to the right of the item name. Editing of the Comment column is also possible. <Insert screen for the 2D items> 7-37

[Page 170] (b) When data (OB measurement values or OB calculation values) for the patient exists in the system The Insert screen is displayed as shown below. To also display the items for which no data is available, press the all item display switch . Editing of the Comment column is also possible. NOTE: Data input using the Insert screen is not possible when data for another fetus (Fetus A, B, C, or D) has been stored for the exam date. <Insert screen for an existing patient (2D)> 7.10.6.3 Deleting the data for a previous exam date Display the data list for the desired exam date on the Data List screen and press . A confirmation dialog is displayed. Pressing [OK] deletes the data displayed on the currently displayed tab of the Data List screen. NOTE: It is not possible to delete all datasets for a date or a fetus at one time. Select the date and the fetus (Fetus A, B, C, or D), and perform deletion for each of the 2D tab, Doppler tab, and Gyn tab. 7-38

[Page 171] 7.11 Data Storage The measured and calculated data can be stored in the system. Once data is stored, it can be plotted on trend graphs as previous data. <<Operating procedure>> (1) Before storing the data, display the Worksheet screen and confirm that no unexpected values have been measured. (2) Press on the touch panel. (3) Select [Confirm] on the confirmation screen to store the data. * When data storage is repeated for the same item, the previously stored data is overwritten. Check the previous data before overwriting it. 7-39

[Page 172] 8. Measurements on a Stored Image In this system, it is possible to perform measurement using images displayed in Exam Review (hereinafter referred to as ER images). For the current patient, however, only the basic measurements are possible using a stored image. To perform an application measurement using a stored image for the current patient, complete the examination for the current patient. Refer to the Operation Manual <<Applications>> volume for the Exam Review operating procedures. When a stored image is used for measurement, the system requires information concerning the relationship between the distance on the screen and the corresponding distance on the patient. However, this information is stored only with ER images. For other images (ER images in which settings such as DEPTH are changed during live image acquisition), this information must be obtained using a separate procedure (manual calibration). This section describes the two types of measurements below. Each type has different restrictions. Be sure that you have a clear understanding of the characteristics of each measurement type before performing measurements on stored images. (1) Measurements on ER images (refer to subsection 8.1) (2) Measurements on ER images for which manual calibration is required (refer to subsection 8.2) NOTE: 1. The measurement items listed below are effective only when all of the measurement tools that contain these measurement items are set for the same image frame. These items cannot be calculated if the associated measurement tools are set for different image frames.  %Stenosis Area  %Stenosis Dist  mean IMT  Flow Vol.  Volume 2. When a measurement is to be performed on an ER image, the exam type (application preset) of the displayed image may differ from that currently selected in the system. In this case, the measurement is started with the exam type selected in the system. 3. Do not perform measurement from the Worksheet screen, Patient Browser screen, or any other non-ultrasound image screen. 8-1

[Page 173] CAUTION: Display of the heart rate 1. The heart rate at the time the data is acquired using the diagnostic ultrasound system is displayed. 2. In dual-display mode, the heart rate for the most recently frozen image is displayed. For example, if the image on the left was frozen most recently, the heart rate for that image is also displayed on the image on the right. 3. When a patient with an unstable heart rate, such as a patient with atrial fibrillation, is to be examined, enter a heart rate using the Manual Input dialog box. 4. The heart rate value displayed on the 2D (including Color) + PW/CW screen is the heart rate obtained at the time the PW/CW image is stopped. 5. Confirm that the ECG waveform is displayed correctly. If the ECG waveform is not displayed correctly, an incorrect heart rate value may be displayed due to noise. 8-2

[Page 174] 8.1 Measurements on ER Images * Manual calibration is required for images for which the depth or other setting has been changed during acquisition. Refer to subsection 8.2. * ER measurement cannot be performed in multi-screen mode. Perform ER measurement in single-screen mode. * When is pressed during measurement, ER measurement is terminated and the system enters Exam Review status. NOTE: 1. Display the most suitable image and select the most suitable measurement tool for the intended measurement. The appropriate measurement methods and results must be determined by a specialist. 2. It is also possible to perform measurement using an image on which measurement has already been performed during the examination and to print the image with the results of the two sets of measurements. In the case of black-and-white printing, however, it may be difficult to distinguish between the calipers and results of the two sets of measurements. To prevent confusion during viewing of printed images at a later time, take appropriate measures such as placing identification marks on the outputs. 3. ER measurements cannot be performed on stress echo images. Do not attempt to perform ER measurements on stress echo images. (1) Display the ER image on the monitor. (2) Press the desired measurement switch ( , , or ) to enable measurement. * One of the following messages may be displayed. Confirm the message. Message Detail This message is displayed when incomplete application measurement data exists for the current exam and an attempt is made to start measurement using an ER image belonging to a study other than the current exam. To clear the application measurement data and perform ER measurement, press [Confirm]. In this case, the application measurement data is cleared when the ER measurement is terminated. This message is displayed if an attempt is made to start measurement for images for which measurement is not permitted (for example, an ER image for which measurements have been performed and the results have been stored). In this case, measurement cannot be started. 8-3

[Page 175] (3) Perform measurement. The results are displayed on the screen. * The result display window position can be changed by selecting on the touch panel. However, if the results are displayed using too many lines, the horizontally long window is set automatically. 8-4

[Page 176] 8.2 Measurements on ER Images for Which Manual Calibration Is Required Manual calibration is required for the following type of images.  ER images for which the depth or other setting has been changed during acquisition  Images that have been zoomed or panned in Exam Review mode. NOTE: 1. Display the most suitable image and select the most suitable measurement tool for the intended measurement. The appropriate measurement methods and results must be determined by a specialist. 2. Do not perform measurement using an Exam Review image that contains a 4D volume, 3D volume, or Panoramic View image. 3. In manual calibration, the information on the stored image is used to set the information required for measurement. Accordingly, the measurement results will depend on the values set on the stored image. Errors in the settings will affect the measurement results, and the measurement accuracy is lower than in measurements obtained using images acquired during the examination. In the worst case, the error after calibration may be ±5% for an object that is 100 mm in length. For details, refer to subsection 8.5. Use the manual calibration function only after obtaining a clear understanding of its characteristics. 4. In manual calibration, the accuracy of the scale setting used for measurement affects the accuracy of the measurement results as described in 3 above. To increase the accuracy of the scale setting, the calibration marker should be set using the scale graduations as reference. For example, align the center lines of the calibration marker with the graduations. 5. It is also possible to perform measurement using an image on which measurement has already been performed during the examination and to print the image with the results of the two sets of measurements. In the case of black-and-white printing, however, it may be difficult to distinguish between the calipers and results of the two sets of measurements. To prevent confusion during viewing of printed images at a later time, take appropriate measures such as placing identification marks on the outputs. (1) Display an ER image that meets the conditions above. 8-5

[Page 177] (2) Press the desired measurement switch ( , , or ). One of the following messages is displayed. Message Detail This message is displayed when incomplete application measurement data exists for the current exam and an attempt is made to start measurement using an ER image belonging to a study other than the current exam. To clear the application measurement data and perform ER measurement, press [Confirm]. In this case, the application measurement data is cleared when the ER measurement is terminated. This message is displayed to confirm whether or not the coordinate information (Depth, Pan, Zoom) of multiple ER images is the same. Select [Confirm] if the coordinate information of these images is the same. Manual calibration is started up. Do not perform manual calibration if the coordinate information of the multiple images is different. If [Cancel] is selected, measurement is not started up. This message is displayed when an attempt is made to perform measurement again on an ER image for which measurement has already been performed and the results have been stored. In this case, measurement cannot be started. (3) If measurement is possible and manual calibration is required for the displayed image, the menu below is displayed. Set the measurement scale on this screen. NOTE: Confirm the unit before entering the value of the calibration marker. 8-6

[Page 178] The procedure for setting the calibration marker for 2D Distance measurement is described below as an example. (a) Select [2D Distance] in the menu. The menu disappears and a marker is (b) Move the marker to the start point using the trackball and then press . 8-7

[Page 179] (c) Move the marker to the end point using the trackball and then press . (d) Enter the length of the calibration marker set in step (c) in the combo box on the right of [2D Distance]. 8-8

[Page 180] (e) Press [Set] in the menu. The calibration marker length is determined and the manual calibration data dialog is displayed at the bottom of the screen. When a measurement switch on the touch panel is then pressed, the measurement marker appears and measurement becomes possible. <<Example of measurement screen during manual calibration>> 8-9

[Page 181] 8.3 Manual Calibration Required Before the Start of Each Measurement The table below shows the manual calibration items required for each measurement tool. When performing manual calibration, enter the HR value if required.  : Required, -----: Not required Measurement tool 2D distance M distance Velocity Time 2D Angle  ----- ----- ----- 2D Distance  ----- ----- ----- 2D Cross Area  ----- ----- ----- 2D Ellipse Area  ----- ----- ----- 2D Continuous Trace Length  ----- ----- ----- 2D Continuous Trace Area  ----- ----- ----- 2D Spline Trace Length  ----- ----- ----- 2D Spline Trace Area  ----- ----- ----- 2D Volume  ----- ----- ----- 2D Mean IMT  ----- ----- ----- 2D %Stenosis Distance  ----- ----- ----- 2D %Stenosis Area  ----- ----- ----- D Accel ----- -----   D HR ----- ----- -----  D Velocity Line Trace ----- -----   D Velocity Spline Trace ----- -----   D Time ----- ----- -----  D Velocity Continuous Trace ----- -----   D Velocity ----- -----  ----- D PI Continuous Trace ----- -----   D PI Spline Trace ----- -----   D PI Line Trace ----- -----   D RI ----- -----  ----- D S/D ----- -----  ----- M Distance -----  ----- ----- M HR ----- ----- -----  M Slope -----  -----  M Time ----- ----- -----  2D MOD Continuous Trace  ----- ----- ----- 2D MOD Spline Trace  ----- ----- ----- 2D LPC  ----- ----- ----- M LPC -----  ----- ----- D DcT ----- -----   D PHT ----- -----   D dP/dt ----- -----   D Velocity Continuous Trace with DCT ----- -----   (coronary) measurement 8-10

[Page 182] 8.4 Worksheet Display For data for which manual calibration has been performed, the message "This report includes data produced by manual calibration" is displayed at the top of the screen. 8-11

[Page 183] 8.5 Accuracy of Measurement When Manual Calibration Is Used Accuracy of Each Clinical Measurement Parameter on ER Images Parameter Range Accuracy - Image Depth Scale Up to 280 mm < ±5% or < 3.6 mm (when less than 72 mm) - Physio/Image Scales Up to 10 s < ±3% - Distance/Depth Up to 280 mm < ±5% or < 3.6 mm (when less than 72 mm) 2 2 2 - Area Up to 999 cm < ±10% or < 1 cm (when less than 57 cm ) - Circumference Up to 1800 mm < ±5% or < 3.6 mm (when less than 72 mm) - Angle 0° to 180° < ±1° 3 3 3 - Volume Up to 4200 cm < ±16% or < 58 cm (when less than 373 cm ) - Velocity Up to 2000 cm/s < ±5% of full scale - Time Up to 10 s < ±3% of full scale - Heart Rate 20 to 600 bpm < ±3% - Accel Up to 20000 cm/s < ±9% - M distance Up to 280 mm < ±5% or < 4 mm (when less than 80 mm) - Slope Up to 1000 mm/s < ±9% 8-12

[Page 184] 9. Measurement Data Storage It is possible to store the results of the measurements performed in this system using the switches on the Worksheet screen. NOTE: 1. The data is converted to the DICOM SR format before it is stored. 2. In order to use this function, the system settings must be changed. Contact your Toshiba service representative. 9.1 Storing Measurement Data in the DICOM SR Format Optional software is required for transfer of measurement data in the DICOM SR format to a server over a network. 9.1.1 Data transfer Select . The selected switch is highlighted and the data is written on the HDD in the system. When data writing is started, the messages "Preparing to save" and then "Sending " are displayed in the information area. When data writing is completed, the switch display returns to normal. 9-1

[Page 185] NOTE: 1. It is possible to transfer the data to a server or to media at the same time that it is written on the HDD. Note that the system settings must be changed in order to use this function. Contact your Toshiba service representative. 2. If transfer of the measurement data fails due to a network error or insufficient free space at the destination server, an error message is displayed in the information area. In this case, use [Job Status] on the Patient Browser screen to repeat the transfer operation after the examination is completed. 3. When an exam contains multiple measurement regions, multiple datasets are created in a single save operation (for example, Cardiac application measurement is performed followed by Vascular application measurement and the measurement data is then saved). Note that in the viewer of the system, the contents of all of the data sets are displayed together, while in the Report Viewer at the transfer destination, only the contents of the selected data set are displayed. 4. Measurement data containing Stress Echo measurement data cannot be stored with DICOM SR using . Delete the Stress Echo measurement data using on the Worksheet screen or other appropriate method before storing the measurement data. It is recommended that the Stress Echo data be stored as a still image before deleting it. 9-2

[Page 186] 9.1.2 Displaying the stored data (1) On the Patient Browser screen, select an exam containing SR data. (2) Select the SR data to be displayed and press , or double-click the desired SR data in the Image area. Viewer is started up. Viewer can also be started up by selecting SR data in the thumbnail area of the image display screen. 9-3

[Page 187] (3) When Viewer is started up, the screen below is displayed. (4) Select to close Viewer and return to image display mode. NOTE: 1. The appearance and operations of Viewer are designed to match the Worksheet screen in measurement mode, but Viewer has the following limitations.  Measurement values cannot be edited or deleted in Viewer. In addition, comment entry is not possible.  The data displayed in Viewer cannot be resaved on media or retransferred to the server. However, it is possible to print and store the displayed data as image data. 2. The display format in Viewer corresponds to the system settings at the time the data was saved. 3. When the saved data is displayed, only the [Edit] and [Print All] switches are displayed on the Worksheet screen. 4. If the patient information is saved in DICOM format (Structured Report) and then changed on the Patient Registration screen or GA Input screen, the changes are not applied to the Structured Report. 9-4

[Page 188] 10. OB Measurement Chart Data This chapter provides a list of the OB measurement charts that are installed on this system. These charts are based on reference materials, but some of them have been interpolated or may contain rounding errors. There are two presets for calculating the GA in this system: "Only GA Chart" and "FG Chart with Clinical Age".  When the preset is Only GA Chart Data type w/o GA on the test date w/ GA on the test date FG Does not display the GA results that Displays the GA result that correspond to the measured values. corresponds to the value in the FG table. GA Displays the GA result that Displays the GA result that corresponds to the value in the GA corresponds to the value in the GA table. table. FG+GA Displays the GA result that Displays the GA result that corresponds to the value in the GA corresponds to the value in the GA table. table. Identical Displays the GA result that Displays the GA result that corresponds to the value in the corresponds to the value in the Identical table. Identical table.  When the preset is FG Chart with Clinical Age Data type w/o GA on the test date w/ GA on the test date FG Does not display the GA results that Displays the GA result that correspond to the measured values. corresponds to the value in the FG table. GA Displays the GA result that Does not display the GA results that corresponds to the value in the GA correspond to the measured values. table. FG+GA Displays the GA result that Displays the GA result that corresponds to the value in the GA corresponds to the value in the FG table. table. Identical Displays the GA result that Displays the GA result that corresponds to the value in the corresponds to the value in the Identical table. Identical table. 10-1

[Page 189] There are four types of data, depending on the authors. Data type GA results GA Has charts for calculations in which the GA on the date of examination is not specified. FG Has charts for calculations in which the GA on the date of examination is specified. FG+GA Has charts of both of the types described above. Identical Does not distinguish the data according to the GA. 10-2

[Page 190] Item Page 10.1 Gestational Age Chart 10-11 (1) AC 10-11 (a) AC ASUM 10-11 (b) AC Hadlock 10-12 (c) AC JSUM 10-13 (d) AC Merz 10-14 (2) BPD 10-15 (a) BPD ASUM 10-15 (b) BPD Chitty (O-i) 10-16 (c) BPD Chitty (O-O) 10-17 (d) BPD Hadlock 10-18 (e) BPD Hansmann 10-19 (f) BPD Jeanty 10-20 (g) BPD JSUM 10-21 (h) BPD Kurtz 10-22 (i) BPD Merz 10-23 (j) BPD Rempen 10-24 (3) CER 10-25 (a) CER Goldstein 10-25 (b) CER Hill 10-26 (4) CLAV 10-27 (a) CLAV Yarkoni 10-27 (5) CRL 10-28 (a) CRL ASUM 10-28 (b) CRL BMUS 10-29 (c) CRL Daya 10-30 (d) CRL Hadlock 10-31 (e) CRL Hansmann 10-32 (f) CRL Jeanty 10-33 (g) CRL JSUM 10-34 (h) CRL Nelson 10-35 (i) CRL Rempen 10-36 (j) CRL Robinson 10-37 (6) FL 10-38 (a) FL ASUM 10-38 (b) FL BMUS 10-39 10-3

[Page 191] (c) FL Chitty 10-40 (d) FL Hadlock 10-41 (e) FL Hohler 10-42 (f) FL Jeanty 10-43 (g) FL JSUM 10-44 (h) FL Merz 10-45 (i) FL Warda 10-46 (7) Foot 10-47 (a) Foot Mercer 10-47 (8) GS 10-48 (a) GS Daya 10-48 (b) GS Hellman 10-49 (c) GS Rempen 10-50 (d) GS Tokyo 10-51 (9) HA 10-52 (a) HA Chitty 10-52 (10) HC 10-53 (a) HC ASUM 10-53 (b) HC BMUS (drvd) 10-54 (c) HC Chitty (drvd) 10-55 (d) HC Chitty (pltd) 10-56 (e) HC Hadlock 10-57 (f) HC Jeanty 10-58 (g) HC Merz 10-59 (11) HL 10-60 (a) HL ASUM 10-60 (b) HL Jeanty 10-61 (12) OFD 10-62 (a) OFD ASUM 10-62 (13) OOD 10-63 (a) OOD Jeanty 10-63 (b) OOD Mayden 10-64 (14) TIB 10-65 (a) TIB Jeanty 10-65 (15) Ulna 10-66 (a) Ulna Jeanty 10-66 10-4

[Page 192] (16) EFW 10-67 (a) EFW JSUM 10-67 10.2 Growth Analysis Chart 10-68 (1) AA 10-68 (a) AA Chitty 10-68 (2) AC 10-69 (a) AC ASUM 10-69 (b) AC Deter 10-70 (c) AC Hadlock 10-71 (d) AC JSUM 10-72 (e) AC Merz 10-73 (3) BPD 10-74 (a) BPD ASUM 10-74 (b) BPD Chitty (O-I) 10-75 (c) BPD Chitty (O-O) 10-76 (d) BPD Hadlock 10-77 (e) BPD Hansmann 10-78 (f) BPD Jeanty 10-79 (g) BPD JSUM 10-80 (h) BPD Kurtz 10-81 (i) BPD Merz 10-82 (j) BPD Rempen 10-83 (k) BPD Sabbagha 10-84 (4) CER 10-85 (a) CER Goldstein 10-85 (b) CER Hill 10-86 (5) CLAV 10-87 (a) CLAV Yarkoni 10-87 (6) CRL 10-88 (a) CRL ASUM 10-88 (b) CRL Hadlock 10-89 (c) CRL Hansmann 10-90 (d) CRL JSUM 10-91 (e) CRL Rempen 10-92 (f) CRL Robinson 10-93 (7) F Kidney 10-94 (a) F Kidney Bertagnoli 10-94 10-5

[Page 193] (8) FIB 10-95 (a) FIB Merz 10-95 (9) FL 10-96 (a) FL ASUM 10-96 (b) FL BMUS 10-97 (c) FL Chitty 10-98 (d) FL Hadlock 10-99 (e) FL Jeanty 10-100 (f) FL JSUM 10-101 (g) FL Merz 10-102 (h) FL Warda 10-103 (10) Foot 10-104 (a) Foot Mercer 10-104 (11) GS 10-105 (a) GS Hellman 10-105 (b) GS Rempen 10-106 (c) GS Tokyo 10-107 (12) HA 10-108 (a) HA Chitty 10-108 (13) HC 10-109 (a) HC ASUM 10-109 (b) HC BMUS (drvd) 10-110 (c) HC Chitty (drvd) 10-111 (d) HC Chitty (pltd) 10-112 (e) HC Hadlock 10-113 (f) HC Jeanty 10-114 (g) HC Merz 10-115 (14) HL 10-116 (a) HL ASUM 10-116 (b) HL Jeanty 10-117 (15) NB 10-118 (a) NB Bunduki 10-118 (b) NB Sonek 10-119 (16) OFD 10-120 (a) OFD ASUM 10-120 (17) TAD 10-121 10-6

[Page 194] (a) TAD CFEF 10-121 (18) TIB 10-122 (a) TIB Jeanty 10-122 (19) Ulna 10-123 (a) Ulna Jeanty 10-123 (20) EFW 10-124 (a) EFW Brenner 10-124 (b) EFW Hansmann 10-125 (c) EFW JSUM 10-126 (d) EFW Persson 10-127 (e) EFW Williams 10-128 10.3 Identical Chart 10-129 (1) AC 10-129 (a) AC BMUS (drvd) 10-129 (b) AC CFEF 10-130 (c) AC Chitty (drvd) 10-131 (d) AC Chitty (pltd) 10-132 (e) AC Jeanty 10-133 (f) AC Nicolaides 10-134 (2) APAD 10-135 (a) APAD Merz 10-135 (3) BPD 10-136 (a) BPD CFEF 10-136 (b) BPD Nicolaides 10-137 (c) BPD Osaka 10-138 (4) CER 10-140 (a) CER Nicolaides 10-140 (5) CRL 10-141 (a) CRL Osaka 10-141 (6) FIB 10-142 (a) FIB Chitty 10-142 (7) FL 10-143 (a) FL CFEF 10-143 (b) FL Hansmann 10-144 (c) FL Nicolaides 10-145 (d) FL O’Brien 10-146 10-7

[Page 195] (e) FL Osaka 10-147 (8) Foot 10-149 (a) Foot Chitty 10-149 (9) FTA 10-150 (a) FTA Osaka 10-150 (10) HC 10-152 (a) HC CFEF 10-152 (b) HC Hansmann 10-153 (c) HC Nicolaides 10-154 (11) Hem 10-155 (a) Hem Nicolaides 10-155 (12) HL 10-156 (a) HL Chitty 10-156 (b) HL Merz 10-157 (c) HL Osaka 10-158 (13) OFD 10-160 (a) OFD Chitty 10-160 (b) OFD Hansmann 10-161 (c) OFD Jeanty 10-162 (d) OFD Merz 10-163 (e) OFD Nicolaides 10-164 (14) RAD 10-165 (a) RAD Chitty 10-165 (b) RAD Merz 10-166 (15) TAD 10-167 (a) TAD Merz 10-167 (16) THD 10-168 (a) THD Hansmann 10-168 (17) TIB 10-169 (a) TIB Chitty 10-169 (b) TIB Merz 10-170 (18) Ulna 10-171 (a) Ulna Chitty 10-171 (b) Ulna Merz 10-172 (19) Va 10-173 10-8

[Page 196] (a) Va Nicolaides 10-173 (20) Vp 10-174 (a) Vp Nicolaides 10-174 (21) EFW 10-175 (a) EFW Hadlock 10-175 (b) EFW Osaka 10-176 10.4 Charts For Creating Trend Graphs 10-178 (1) AFI 10-178 (a) AFI Moore 10-178 (2) Va/Hem 10-179 (a) Va/Hem Nicolaides 10-179 (3) Vp/Hem 10-180 (a) Vp/Hem Nicolaides 10-180 (4) DV a/S 10-181 (a) DV a/S Baschat 10-181 (5) DV PIV 10-182 (a) DV PIV Baschat 10-182 (6) DV PVIV 10-183 (a) DV PVIV Baschat 10-183 (7) DV S/a 10-184 (a) DV S/a Baschat 10-184 (8) Fetal Ao PI 10-185 (a) Fetal Ao PI Harrington 10-185 (b) Fetal Ao PI Mai 10-186 (c) Fetal Ao PI Schaffer 10-186 (9) Fetal Ao RI 10-187 (a) Fetal Ao RI Mai 10-187 (b) Fetal Ao RI Schaffer 10-188 (10) MCA PI 10-189 (a) MCA PI Bahlman 10-189 (b) MCA PI Harrigton 10-190 (c) MCA PI JSUM 10-191 (d) MCA PI Mai 10-192 (e) MCA PI Schaffer 10-192 (11) MCA RI 10-193 10-9

[Page 197] (a) MCA RI Bahlman 10-193 (b) MCA RI JSUM 10-194 (c) MCA RI Mai 10-195 (d) MCA RI Schaffer 10-195 (12) MCA PV 10-196 (a) MCA PV Mari 10-196 (13) Umb A PI 10-197 (a) Umb A PI Harrigton 10-197 (b) Umb A PI JSUM 10-198 (c) Umb A PI Mai 10-199 (d) Umb A PI Merz 10-199 (e) Umb A PI Schaffer 10-200 (14) Umb A RI 10-201 (a) Umb A RI JSUM 10-201 (b) Umb A RI Mai 10-202 (c) Umb A RI Merz 10-202 (d) Umb A RI Schaffer 10-203 (15) Uterine PI 10-204 (a) Uterine PI Merz 10-204 (b) Uterine PI Schaffer 10-205 (16) Uterine RI 10-206 (a) Uterine RI Merz 10-206 (b) Uterine RI Schaffer 10-207 10-10

[Page 198] 10.1 Gestational Age Chart (1) AC (a) AC ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA=0.0000367*AC^2+0.07715*AC+7.192 Input : AC (mm) Input min : 42.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 402.0 (mm) AC GA (w d) AC GA (w d) (mm) Mean (mm) Mean 42.0 10w3d 242.0 28w0d 48.0 11w0d 252.0 29w0d 60.0 12w0d 263.0 30w0w 72.0 13w0d 273.0 31w0d 84.0 14w0d 283.0 32w0d 96.0 15w0d 293.0 33w0d 108.0 16w0d 303.0 34w0d 120.0 17w0d 313.0 35w0d 132.0 18w0d 323.0 36w0d 143.0 19w0d 333.0 37w0d 154.0 20w0d 343.0 38w0d 166.0 21w0d 353.0 39w0d 177.0 22w0d 362.0 40w0d 188.0 23w0d 372.0 41w0d 199.0 24w0d 382.0 42w0d 210.0 25w0d 391.0 43w0d 220.0 26w0d 401.0 44w0d 231.0 27w0d 402.0 44w1d 10-11

[Page 199] (b) AC Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. GA=8.14+0.753*AC+0.0036*AC^2 Input : AC (cm) Input min : 5.01 (cm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 38.05 (cm) AC GA (w d) AC GA (w d) Standard Deviation: (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD GA (weeks) ±2SD 50.1 12w0d 10w2d 13w5d 220.0 26w3d 24w2d 28w4d Low High (weeks) 55.0 12w3d 10w5d 14w0d 225.0 26w6d 24w5d 29w1d 36 42 3.04 60.0 12w6d 11w1d 14w3d 230.0 27w3d 25w1d 29w4d 30 36 2.96 65.0 13w1d 11w4d 14w6d 235.0 27w6d 25w5d 30w0d 24 30 2.18 70.0 13w4d 11w6d 15w2d 240.0 28w2d 26w1d 30w3d 18 24 2.06 75.0 14w0d 12w2d 15w5d 245.0 28w5d 26w4d 31w0d 12 18 1.66 80.0 14w3d 12w5d 16w0d 250.0 29w2d 27w0d 31w3d 85.0 14w6d 13w1d 16w3d 255.0 29w5d 27w4d 31w6d 90.0 15w1d 13w4d 16w6d 260.0 30w1d 27w1d 33w1d 95.0 15w4d 14w0d 17w2d 265.0 30w4d 27w5d 33w4d 100.0 16w0d 14w3d 17w5d 270.0 31w1d 28w1d 34w0d 105.0 16w3d 14w5d 18w1d 275.0 31w4d 28w4d 34w4d 110.0 16w6d 15w1d 18w4d 280.0 32w0d 29w1d 35w0d 115.0 17w2d 15w4d 19w0d 285.0 32w4d 29w4d 35w3d 120.0 17w5d 16w0d 19w2d 290.0 33w0d 30w0d 36w0d 125.0 18w1d 16w0d 20w1d 295.0 33w3d 30w4d 36w3d 130.0 18w4d 16w3d 20w4d 300.0 34w0d 31w0d 37w0d 135.0 19w0d 16w6d 21w0d 305.0 34w3d 31w3d 37w3d 140.0 19w3d 17w2d 21w3d 310.0 35w0d 32w0d 37w6d 145.0 19w6d 17w5d 21w6d 315.0 35w3d 32w3d 38w3d 150.0 20w2d 18w1d 22w2d 320.0 35w6d 33w0d 38w6d 155.0 20w5d 18w4d 22w5d 325.0 36w3d 33w3d 39w3d 160.0 21w1d 19w0d 23w1d 330.0 36w6d 33w6d 40w0d 165.0 21w4d 19w3d 23w4d 335.0 37w3d 34w3d 40w3d 170.0 22w0d 19w6d 24w0d 340.0 37w6d 34w6d 41w0d 175.0 22w3d 20w3d 24w3d 345.0 38w3d 35w3d 41w3d 180.0 22w6d 20w6d 24w6d 350.0 38w6d 35w6d 42w0d 185.0 23w2d 21w2d 25w3d 355.0 39w3d 36w3d 42w3d 190.0 23w5d 21w5d 25w6d 360.0 39w6d 36w6d 43w0d 195.0 24w1d 22w0d 26w3d 365.0 40w3d 37w3d 43w3d 200.0 24w4d 22w3d 26w6d 370.0 41w0d 37w6d 44w0d 205.0 25w1d 22w6d 27w2d 375.0 41w3d 38w3d 44w3d 210.0 25w4d 23w3d 27w5d 380.0 42w0d 38w6d 45w0d 215.0 26w0d 23w6d 28w1d 380.5 42w0d 39w0d 45w0d 10-12

[Page 200] (c) AC JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 GA=22.5+1.04*10*AC-2.23*10^-1*AC^2+4.67*10^-3*AC^3 1SD=4.88+3.19*10^-1*AC Input : AC (cm) Input min : 10.0 (cm) Output : GA (days) Input max : 32.5 (cm) AC GA (w d) AC GA (w d) (cm) Mean -SD +SD (cm) Mean -SD +SD 10.00 15w4d 14w3d 16w5d 21.50 27w0d 25w2d 28w5d 10.50 16w1d 15w0d 17w2d 22.00 27w4d 25w6d 29w2d 11.00 16w4d 15w3d 17w5d 22.50 28w1d 26w3d 29w6d 11.50 17w1d 15w6d 18w3d 23.00 28w5d 27w0d 20w3d 12.00 17w4d 16w2d 18w6d 23.50 29w1d 27w3d 30w6d 12.50 18w1d 16w6d 19w3d 24.00 29w5d 27w6d 31w4d 13.00 18w4d 17w2d 19w6d 24.50 30w2d 28w3d 32w1d 13.50 19w1d 17w6d 20w3d 25.00 30w6d 29w0d 32w5d 14.00 19w4d 18w2d 20w6d 25.50 31w3d 29w4d 33w2d 14.50 20w1d 18w5d 21w4d 26.00 32w0d 30w1d 33w6d 15.00 20w4d 19w1d 22w0d 26.50 32w4d 30w5d 34w3d 15.50 21w1d 19w5d 22w4d 27.00 33w2d 31w3d 35w1d 16.00 21w4d 20w1d 23w0d 27.50 33w6d 31w6d 35w6d 16.50 22w0d 20w4d 23w3d 28.00 34w3d 32w3d 36w3d 17.00 22w4d 21w1d 24w0d 28.50 35w1d 33w1d 37w1d 17.50 23w0d 21w4d 24w3d 29.00 35w5d 33w5d 37w5d 18.00 23w4d 22w0d 25w1d 29.50 36w3d 34w3d 38w3d 18.50 24w0d 22w3d 25w4d 30.00 37w1d 35w1d 39w1d 19.00 24w4d 23w0d 26w1d 30.50 37w6d 35w5d 40w0d 19.50 25w0d 23w3d 26w4d 31.00 38w4d 36w3d 40w5d 20.00 25w4d 24w0d 27w1d 31.50 39w2d 37w1d 41w3d 20.50 26w0d 24w3d 27w4d 32.00 40w0d 37w6d 42w1d 21.00 26w4d 24w6d 28w2d 32.50 40w5d 38w4d 42w6d 10-13

[Page 201] (d) AC Merz Merz E: "Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics" Stuttgart, New York, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 1991; 312, 326-336 AC GA (w d) AC GA (w d) AC GA (w d) (mm) Mean 5%tile 95%tile (mm) Mean 5%tile 95%tile (mm) Mean 5%tile 95%tile 56 12w1d 10w6d 13w2d 154 21w3d 19w6d 23w0d 252 30w6d 28w6d 32w5d 58 12w2d 11w1d 13w4d 156 21w4d 20w1d 23w1d 254 30w6d 29w0d 32w6d 60 12w4d 11w2d 13w5d 158 21w6d 20w1d 23w3d 256 31w1d 29w1d 33w1d 62 12w5d 11w4d 13w6d 160 22w0d 20w3d 23w4d 258 31w2d 29w3d 33w2d 64 12w6d 11w5d 14w1d 162 22w1d 20w4d 23w6d 260 31w4d 29w4d 33w4d 66 13w1d 11w6d 14w2d 164 22w3d 20w6d 24w0d 262 31w5d 29w5d 33w5d 68 13w2d 12w0d 14w4d 166 22w4d 21w0d 24w1d 264 31w6d 29w6d 33w6d 70 13w4d 12w1d 14w5d 168 22w6d 21w1d 24w3d 266 32w1d 30w1d 34w1d 72 13w4d 12w3d 14w6d 170 23w0d 21w2d 24w4d 268 32w2d 30w2d 34w2d 74 13w6d 12w4d 15w1d 172 23w1d 21w4d 24w6d 270 32w4d 30w4d 34w4d 76 14w0d 12w6d 15w2d 174 23w2d 21w5d 25w0d 272 32w5d 30w4d 34w5d 78 14w1d 12w6d 15w4d 176 23w4d 21w6d 25w1d 274 32w6d 30w6d 34w6d 80 14w3d 13w1d 15w5d 178 23w5d 22w1d 25w3d 276 33w0d 31w0d 35w1d 82 14w4d 13w2d 15w6d 180 23w6d 22w1d 25w4d 278 33w1d 31w1d 35w2d 84 14w6d 13w4d 16w1d 182 24w1d 22w3d 25w6d 280 33w3d 31w3d 35w4d 86 15w0d 13w5d 16w2d 184 24w2d 22w4d 26w0d 282 33w4d 31w4d 35w5d 88 15w1d 13w6d 16w4d 186 24w4d 22w6d 26w1d 284 33w6d 31w5d 35w6d 90 15w3d 14w0d 16w5d 188 24w5d 23w0d 26w3d 286 34w0d 31w6d 36w1d 92 15w4d 14w1d 16w6d 190 24w6d 23w1d 26w4d 288 34w1d 32w1d 36w2d 94 15w5d 14w3d 17w1d 192 25w0d 23w2d 26w6d 290 34w3d 32w2d 36w4d 96 15w6d 14w4d 17w2d 194 25w1d 23w4d 27w0d 292 34w4d 32w4d 36w5d 98 16w1d 14w6d 17w4d 196 25w3d 23w5d 27w1d 294 34w5d 32w4d 36w6d 100 16w2d 14w6d 17w5d 198 25w4d 23w6d 27w3d 296 34w6d 32w6d 37w1d 102 16w4d 15w1d 17w6d 200 25w6d 24w1d 27w4d 298 35w1d 33w0d 37w1d 104 16w5d 15w2d 18w1d 202 26w0d 24w2d 27w6d 300 35w2d 33w1d 37w3d 106 16w6d 15w4d 18w2d 204 26w1d 24w3d 27w6d 302 35w4d 33w3d 37w4d 108 17w1d 15w5d 18w3d 206 26w3d 24w4d 28w1d 304 35w5d 33w4d 37w6d 110 17w2d 15w6d 18w4d 208 26w4d 24w6d 28w2d 306 35w6d 33w5d 38w0d 112 17w3d 16w0d 18w6d 210 26w6d 25w0d 28w4d 308 36w1d 33w6d 38w1d 114 17w4d 16w1d 19w0d 212 27w0d 25w1d 28w5d 310 36w2d 34w1d 38w3d 116 17w6d 16w3d 19w1d 214 27w1d 25w2d 28w6d 312 36w4d 34w2d 38w4d 118 18w0d 16w4d 19w3d 216 27w2d 25w4d 29w1d 314 36w4d 34w4d 38w6d 120 18w1d 16w6d 19w4d 218 27w4d 25w5d 29w2d 316 36w6d 34w4d 39w0d 122 18w3d 17w0d 19w6d 220 27w5d 25w6d 29w4d 318 37w0d 34w6d 39w1d 124 18w4d 17w1d 20w0d 222 27w6d 26w1d 29w5d 320 37w1d 35w0d 39w3d 126 18w6d 17w2d 20w1d 224 28w1d 26w2d 29w6d 322 37w3d 35w1d 39w4d 128 19w0d 17w4d 20w3d 226 28w2d 26w3d 30w1d 324 37w4d 35w3d 39w6d 130 19w1d 17w5d 20w4d 228 28w4d 26w4d 30w2d 326 37w6d 35w4d 40w0d 132 19w2d 17w6d 20w6d 230 28w5d 26w6d 30w4d 328 38w0d 35w5d 40w1d 134 19w4d 18w0d 21w0d 232 28w6d 27w0d 30w5d 330 38w1d 35w6d 40w3d 136 19w5d 18w1d 21w1d 234 29w0d 27w1d 30w6d 332 38w3d 36w1d 40w4d 138 19w6d 18w3d 21w3d 236 29w1d 27w3d 31w1d 334 38w4d 36w2d 40w6d 140 20w1d 18w4d 21w4d 238 29w3d 27w4d 31w2d 336 38w5d 36w4d 41w0d 142 20w2d 18w6d 21w6d 240 29w4d 27w5d 31w4d 338 38w6d 36w5d 41w1d 144 20w4d 19w0d 22w0d 242 29w6d 27w6d 31w5d 340 39w1d 36w6d 41w3d 146 20w5d 19w1d 22w1d 244 30w0d 28w1d 31w6d 342 39w2d 37w0d 41w4d 148 20w6d 19w2d 22w3d 246 30w1d 28w2d 32w1d 344 39w4d 37w1d 41w6d 150 21w1d 19w4d 22w4d 248 30w3d 28w3d 32w2d 346 39w5d 37w3d 42w0d 152 21w1d 19w5d 22w6d 250 30w4d 28w4d 32w4d 348 39w6d 37w4d 42w1d 10-14

[Page 202] (2) BPD (a) BPD ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA=0.397*BPD-0.00306*BPD^2+0.00002788*BPD^3+4.933 Input : BPD (mm) Input min : 14.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 106.0 (mm) (mm) Mean (mm) Mean 14.0 10w0d 74.3 29w0d 17.0 11w0d 76.7 30w0d 20.5 12w0d 79.0 31w0d 23.7 13w0d 81.3 32w0d 27.0 14w0d 83.6 33w0d 30.5 15w0d 85.7 34w0d 34.0 16w0d 87.7 35w0d 37.5 17w0d 89.7 36w0d 41.0 18w0d 91.5 37w0d 44.5 19w0d 93.3 38w0d 48.0 20w0d 95.0 39w0d 51.3 21w0d 96.8 40w0d 54.5 22w0d 98.5 41w0d 57.7 23w0d 100.2 42w0d 60.7 24w0d 101.8 43w0d 63.7 25w0d 103.3 44w0d 66.5 26w0d 104.8 45w0d 69.3 27w0d 106.0 45w6d 72.0 28w0d 10-15

[Page 203] (b) BPD Chitty (O-i) 21.0 12w5d 11w6d 13w5d 56.0 23w1d 21w2d 25w2d 22.0 13w0d 12w1d 14w0d 57.0 23w4d 21w4d 25w4d 23.0 13w2d 12w3d 14w2d 58.0 23w6d 21w6d 26w0d 24.0 13w4d 12w4d 14w4d 59.0 24w1d 22w1d 26w3d 25.0 13w6d 12w6d 14w6d 60.0 24w4d 22w3d 26w6d 26.0 14w1d 13w1d 15w1d 61.0 24w6d 22w5d 27w1d 27.0 14w3d 13w3d 15w3d 62.0 25w2d 23w1d 27w4d 28.0 14w5d 13w4d 15w5d 63.0 25w4d 23w3d 28w0d 29.0 14w6d 13w6d 16w0d 64.0 26w0d 23w5d 28w3d 30.0 15w1d 14w1d 16w2d 65.0 26w2d 24w0d 28w6d 31.0 15w3d 14w3d 16w5d 66.0 26w5d 24w2d 29w1d 32.0 15w5d 14w4d 17w0d 67.0 27w0d 24w4d 29w4d 33.0 16w0d 14w6d 17w2d 68.0 27w3d 25w0d 30w0d 34.0 16w2d 15w1d 17w4d 69.0 27w5d 25w2d 30w3d 35.0 16w4d 15w3d 17w6d 70.0 28w1d 25w4d 30w6d 36.0 16w6d 15w5d 18w2d 71.0 28w3d 25w6d 31w2d 37.0 17w1d 15w6d 18w4d 72.0 28w6d 26w2d 31w5d 38.0 17w3d 16w1d 18w6d 73.0 29w2d 26w4d 32w1d 39.0 17w6d 16w3d 19w2d 74.0 29w4d 26w6d 32w4d 40.0 18w1d 16w5d 19w4d 75.0 30w0d 27w2d 33w0d 41.0 18w3d 17w0d 19w6d 76.0 30w2d 27w4d 33w3d 42.0 18w5d 17w2d 20w2d 77.0 30w5d 27w6d 33w6d 43.0 19w0d 17w4d 20w4d 78.0 31w1d 28w2d 34w2d 44.0 19w2d 17w6d 20w6d 79.0 31w4d 28w4d 34w5d 45.0 19w4d 18w1d 21w2d 80.0 31w6d 28w6d 35w1d 46.0 19w6d 18w3d 21w4d 81.0 32w2d 29w2d 35w5d 47.0 20w2d 18w5d 22w0d 82.0 32w5d 29w4d 36w1d 48.0 20w4d 19w0d 22w2d 83.0 33w1d 30w0d 36w4d 49.0 20w6d 19w2d 22w5d 84.0 33w3d 30w2d 37w0d 50.0 21w1d 19w4d 23w0d 85.0 33w6d 30w5d 37w0d 51.0 21w4d 19w6d 23w3d 86.0 34w2d 31w0d 37w3d 52.0 21w6d 20w1d 23w5d 87.0 34w5d 31w2d 38w0d 53.0 22w1d 20w3d 24w1d 88.0 35w1d 31w5d 38w3d 54.0 22w4d 20w5d 24w4d 89.0 35w4d 32w0d 38w6d 55.0 22w6d 21w0d 24w6d 10-16

[Page 204] (c) BPD Chitty (O-O) 22 12w4d 11w5d 13w4d 57 22w5d 20w5d 24w5d 23 12w6d 12w0d 13w6d 58 23w0d 21w0d 25w1d 24 13w1d 12w1d 14w1d 59 23w2d 21w2d 25w4d 25 13w3d 12w3d 14w3d 60 23w5d 21w4d 25w6d 26 13w4d 12w5d 14w5d 61 24w0d 21w6d 26w2d 27 13w6d 12w6d 15w0d 62 24w2d 22w1d 26w5d 28 14w1d 13w1d 15w2d 63 24w5d 22w4d 27w0d 29 14w3d 13w3d 15w4d 64 25w0d 22w6d 27w3d 30 14w5d 13w4d 15w6d 65 25w2d 23w1d 27w6d 31 15w0d 13w6d 16w1d 66 25w5d 23w3d 28w2d 32 15w2d 14w1d 16w3d 67 26w0d 23w5d 28w4d 33 15w4d 14w3d 16w5d 68 26w3d 24w0d 29w0d 34 15w5d 14w4d 17w0d 69 26w5d 24w2d 29w3d 35 16w0d 14w6d 17w2d 70 27w1d 24w4d 29w6d 36 16w2d 15w1d 17w5d 71 27w3d 25w0d 30w2d 37 16w4d 15w3d 18w0d 72 27w6d 25w2d 30w4d 38 16w6d 15w4d 18w2d 73 28w1d 25w4d 31w0d 39 17w1d 15w6d 18w4d 74 28w4d 25w6d 31w3d 40 17w3d 16w1d 19w0d 75 28w6d 26w2d 31w6d 41 17w5d 16w3d 19w2d 76 29w2d 26w4d 32w2d 42 18w0d 16w4d 19w4d 77 29w5d 26w6d 32w5d 43 18w2d 16w6d 19w6d 78 30w0d 27w1d 33w1d 44 18w4d 17w1d 20w2d 79 30w3d 27w4d 33w4d 45 19w0d 17w3d 20w4d 80 30w5d 27w6d 34w0d 46 19w2d 17w5d 20w6d 81 31w1d 28w1d 34w3d 47 19w4d 18w0d 21w2d 82 31w4d 28w3d 34w6d 48 19w6d 18w2d 21w4d 83 31w6d 28w6d 35w2d 49 20w1d 18w4d 22w0d 84 32w2d 29w1d 35w6d 50 20w3d 18w5d 22w2d 85 32w5d 29w4d 36w2d 51 20w5d 19w0d 22w4d 86 33w1d 29w6d 36w5d 52 21w1d 19w2d 23w0d 87 33w3d 30w1d 37w1d 53 21w3d 19w4d 23w2d 88 33w6d 30w4d 37w4d 54 21w5d 19w6d 23w5d 89 34w2d 30w6d 38w1d 55 22w0d 20w1d 24w0d 90 34w5d 31w1d 38w4d 56 22w2d 20w3d 24w3d 91 35w1d 31w4d 39w0d 10-17

[Page 205] (d) BPD Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. GA=9.54+1.482*BPD+0.1676*BPD^2 Input : BPD (cm) Input min : 1.4 (cm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 10.19 (cm) BPD GA (w d) BPD GA (w d) Standard Deviation: (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD GA (weeks) ±2SD 14.0 12w0d 10w5d 13w1d 59.0 24w1d 22w0d 26w2d Low High (weeks) 15.0 12w1d 11w0d 13w2d 60.0 24w3d 22w2d 26w5d 12 18 1.19 16.0 12w2d 11w1d 13w4d 61.0 24w6d 22w4d 27w0d 18 24 1.73 17.0 12w4d 11w2d 13w5d 62.0 25w1d 23w0d 27w2d 24 30 2.18 18.0 12w5d 11w4d 14w0d 63.0 25w4d 23w2d 27w5d 30 36 3.08 19.0 13w0d 11w5d 14w1d 64.0 25w6d 23w5d 28w0d 36 42 3.20 20.0 13w1d 12w0d 14w3d 65.0 26w2d 24w1d 28w3d 21.0 13w3d 12w1d 14w4d 66.0 26w4d 24w3d 28w6d 22.0 13w4d 12w3d 14w6d 67.0 27w0d 24w6d 29w1d 23.0 13w6d 12w5d 15w0d 68.0 27w3d 25w1d 29w4d 24.0 14w0d 12w6d 15w2d 69.0 27w5d 25w4d 29w6d 25.0 14w2d 13w1d 15w3d 70.0 28w1d 26w0d 30w2d 26.0 14w4d 13w2d 15w5d 71.0 28w4d 26w2d 30w5d 27.0 14w5d 13w4d 16w0d 72.0 28w6d 26w5d 31w1d 28.0 15w0d 13w6d 16w1d 73.0 29w2d 27w1d 31w3d 29.0 15w2d 14w0d 16w3d 74.0 29w5d 27w4d 31w6d 30.0 15w3d 14w2d 16w5d 75.0 30w1d 27w0d 33w1d 31.0 15w5d 14w4d 17w0d 76.0 30w3d 27w3d 33w4d 32.0 16w0d 14w6d 17w1d 77.0 30w6d 27w6d 34w0d 33.0 16w2d 15w0d 17w3d 78.0 31w2d 28w2d 34w3d 34.0 16w4d 15w2d 17w5d 79.0 31w5d 28w4d 34w6d 35.0 16w5d 15w4d 18w0d 80.0 32w1d 29w0d 35w1d 36.0 17w0d 15w6d 18w2d 81.0 32w4d 29w3d 35w4d 37.0 17w2d 16w1d 18w4d 82.0 33w0d 29w6d 36w0d 38.0 17w4d 16w3d 18w5d 83.0 33w3d 30w2d 36w3d 39.0 17w6d 16w5d 19w0d 84.0 33w6d 30w5d 36w6d 40.0 18w1d 16w3d 19w6d 85.0 34w2d 31w1d 37w2d 41.0 18w3d 16w5d 20w1d 86.0 34w5d 31w4d 37w5d 42.0 18w5d 17w0d 20w3d 87.0 35w1d 32w0d 38w1d 43.0 19w0d 17w2d 20w5d 88.0 35w4d 32w3d 38w4d 44.0 19w2d 17w4d 21w0d 89.0 36w0d 32w6d 39w1d 45.0 19w4d 17w6d 21w2d 90.0 36w3d 33w2d 39w5d 46.0 19w6d 18w1d 21w4d 91.0 36w6d 33w5d 40w1d 47.0 20w1d 18w3d 22w0d 92.0 37w3d 34w1d 40w4d 48.0 20w4d 18w5d 22w2d 93.0 37w6d 34w4d 41w0d 49.0 20w6d 19w1d 22w4d 94.0 38w2d 35w1d 41w3d 50.0 21w1d 19w3d 22w6d 95.0 38w5d 35w4d 42w0d 51.0 21w3d 19w5d 23w1d 96.0 39w1d 36w0d 42w3d 52.0 21w5d 20w0d 23w4d 97.0 39w5d 36w3d 42w6d 53.0 22w1d 20w3d 23w6d 98.0 40w1d 37w0d 43w3d 54.0 22w3d 20w5d 24w1d 99.0 40w4d 37w3d 43w6d 55.0 22w5d 21w0d 24w3d 100.0 41w1d 37w6d 44w2d 56.0 23w1d 21w3d 24w6d 101.0 41w4d 38w3d 44w6d 57.0 23w3d 21w5d 25w1d 101.9 42w0d 38w6d 45w2d 58.0 23w5d 22w0d 25w4d 10-18

[Page 206] (e) BPD Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 29.0 13w2d 12w1d 14w2d 68.0 25w5d 24w2d 27w1d 30.0 13w4d 12w4d 14w4d 69.0 26w0d 24w5d 27w3d 31.0 13w6d 12w5d 15w0d 70.0 26w2d 24w6d 27w5d 32.0 14w1d 13w1d 15w2d 71.0 26w4d 25w1d 28w2d 33.0 14w3d 13w2d 15w5d 72.0 27w0d 25w3d 28w3d 34.0 14w6d 13w4d 16w1d 73.0 27w2d 25w6d 29w1d 35.0 15w1d 14w0d 16w2d 74.0 27w5d 26w0d 29w3d 36.0 15w3d 14w2d 16w5d 75.0 28w0d 26w2d 29w5d 37.0 15w6d 14w5d 17w0d 76.0 28w3d 26w4d 30w1d 38.0 16w1d 14w6d 17w3d 77.0 28w5d 27w0d 30w4d 39.0 16w3d 15w2d 17w5d 78.0 29w1d 27w1d 31w2d 40.0 16w6d 15w4d 18w0d 79.0 29w4d 27w2d 31w6d 41.0 17w1d 15w6d 18w3d 80.0 29w6d 27w5d 32w0d 42.0 17w3d 16w2d 18w5d 81.0 30w2d 28w1d 32w3d 43.0 17w5d 16w3d 19w0d 82.0 30w6d 28w5d 33w0d 44.0 18w0d 16w5d 19w2d 83.0 31w1d 28w6d 33w4d 45.0 18w3d 17w1d 19w5d 84.0 31w5d 29w2d 34w1d 46.0 18w5d 17w3d 20w0d 85.0 32w1d 29w5d 34w3d 47.0 19w0d 17w5d 20w3d 86.0 32w4d 30w0d 35w0d 48.0 19w2d 17w6d 20w5d 87.0 33w1d 30w1d 36w0d 49.0 19w4d 18w0d 21w0d 88.0 33w4d 30w6d 36w2d 50.0 19w6d 18w3d 21w0d 89.0 34w1d 31w3d 36w6d 51.0 20w2d 18w6d 21w5d 90.0 34w4d 31w6d 37w2d 52.0 20w4d 19w1d 22w0d 91.0 35w0d 32w0d 38w4d 53.0 20w6d 19w2d 22w3d 92.0 35w5d 33w1d 39w1d 54.0 21w2d 19w6d 22w5d 93.0 36w4d 33w4d 39w4d 55.0 21w4d 20w1d 22w6d 94.0 37w2d 34w4d 40w0d 56.0 21w6d 20w4d 23w1d 95.0 38w2d 35w1d 40w6d 57.0 22w1d 20w6d 23w3d 96.0 38w5d 35w1d 41w2d 58.0 22w4d 21w2d 23w5d 97.0 38w6d 35w5d 41w6d 59.0 22w6d 21w3d 24w2d 98.0 39w1d 36w2d 41w6d 60.0 23w1d 21w5d 24w3d 99.0 39w2d 36w3d 42w3d 61.0 23w3d 22w0d 24w6d 100.0 39w3d 36w4d 42w1d 62.0 23w6d 22w3d 25w2d 101.0 39w4d 37w0d 42w3d 63.0 24w1d 22w5d 25w3d 102.0 39w5d 37w0d 42w1d 64.0 24w3d 23w0d 25w6d 103.0 39w6d 37w1d 42w1d 65.0 24w5d 23w3d 26w1d 104.0 40w0d 37w2d 42w1d 66.0 25w0d 23w5d 26w4d 105.0 40w1d 37w5d 42w1d 67.0 25w2d 24w0d 27w0d 10-19

[Page 207] (f) BPD Jeanty Jeanty P "Fetal Biometry" Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: P93-108 10 10w1d 7w0d 13w1d 54 21w5d 18w5d 24w5d 11 10w2d 7w2d 13w3d 55 22w0d 19w0d 25w1d 12 10w4d 7w3d 13w4d 56 22w3d 19w2d 25w3d 13 10w5d 7w5d 13w5d 57 22w5d 19w5d 25w6d 14 10w6d 7w6d 14w0d 58 23w1d 20w0d 26w1d 15 11w1d 8w1d 14w1d 59 23w3d 20w3d 26w3d 16 11w2d 8w2d 14w3d 60 23w6d 20w5d 26w6d 17 11w4d 8w4d 14w4d 61 24w1d 21w1d 27w1d 18 11w5d 8w5d 14w6d 62 24w4d 21w3d 27w4d 19 12w0d 9w0d 15w0d 63 24w6d 21w6d 27w6d 20 12w2d 9w1d 15w2d 64 25w2d 22w1d 28w2d 21 12w3d 9w3d 15w3d 65 25w4d 22w4d 28w5d 22 12w5d 9w4d 15w5d 66 26w0d 22w6d 29w0d 23 12w6d 9w6d 16w0d 67 26w2d 23w2d 29w3d 24 13w1d 10w1d 16w1d 68 26w5d 23w5d 29w5d 25 13w3d 10w2d 16w3d 69 27w1d 24w0d 30w1d 26 13w4d 10w4d 16w5d 70 27w3d 24w3d 30w4d 27 13w6d 10w6d 17w0d 71 27w6d 24w6d 30w6d 28 14w1d 11w0d 17w1d 72 28w2d 25w1d 31w2d 29 14w3d 11w2d 17w3d 73 28w5d 25w4d 31w5d 30 14w4d 11w4d 17w5d 74 29w0d 26w0d 32w1d 31 14w6d 11w6d 18w0d 75 29w3d 26w3d 32w4d 32 15w1d 12w1d 18w1d 76 29w6d 26w6d 32w6d 33 15w3d 12w3d 18w3d 77 30w2d 27w1d 33w2d 34 15w5d 12w4d 18w5d 78 30w5d 27w4d 33w5d 35 16w0d 12w6d 19w0d 79 31w1d 28w0d 34w1d 36 16w2d 13w1d 19w2d 80 31w3d 28w3d 34w4d 37 16w4d 13w3d 19w4d 81 31w6d 28w6d 35w0d 38 16w6d 13w5d 19w6d 82 32w2d 29w2d 35w3d 39 17w1d 14w0d 20w1d 83 32w5d 29w5d 35w6d 40 17w3d 14w2d 20w3d 84 33w1d 30w1d 36w2d 41 17w5d 14w4d 20w5d 85 33w4d 30w4d 36w5d 42 18w0d 14w6d 21w0d 86 34w0d 31w0d 37w1d 43 18w2d 15w1d 21w2d 87 34w3d 31w3d 37w4d 44 18w4d 15w3d 21w4d 88 35w0d 31w6d 38w0d 45 18w6d 15w6d 21w6d 89 35w3d 32w2d 38w3d 46 19w1d 16w1d 22w1d 90 35w6d 32w5d 38w6d 47 19w3d 16w3d 22w4d 91 36w2d 33w2d 39w2d 48 19w5d 16w5d 22w6d 92 36w5d 33w5d 39w6d 49 20w1d 17w0d 23w1d 93 37w1d 34w1d 40w2d 50 20w3d 17w3d 23w3d 94 37w5d 34w4d 40w5d 51 20w5d 17w5d 23w6d 95 38w1d 35w0d 41w1d 52 21w0d 18w0d 24w1d 96 38w4d 35w4d 41w4d 53 21w3d 18w2d 24w3d 97 39w0d 36w0d 42w1d 10-20

[Page 208] (g) BPD JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J44 (mm) Mean -1SD +1SD (mm) Mean -1SD +1SD 13.0 10w1d 9w4d 10w5d 52.0 21w6d 20w6d 22w6d 14.0 10w3d 9w6d 11w0d 53.0 22w1d 21w0d 23w2d 15.0 10w5d 10w1d 11w2d 54.0 22w3d 21w2d 23w4d 16.0 11w0d 10w3d 11w4d 55.0 22w5d 21w4d 23w6d 17.0 11w2d 10w5d 11w6d 56.0 23w1d 22w0d 24w2d 18.0 11w4d 11w0d 12w1d 57.0 23w3d 22w2d 24w4d 19.0 11w6d 11w2d 12w3d 58.0 23w5d 22w4d 24w6d 20.0 12w1d 11w4d 12w5d 59.0 24w1d 23w0d 25w2d 21.0 12w3d 11w6d 13w0d 60.0 24w3d 23w1d 25w5d 22.0 12w6d 12w2d 13w3d 61.0 24w5d 23w3d 26w0d 23.0 13w1d 12w3d 13w6d 62.0 25w1d 23w6d 26w3d 24.0 13w3d 12w5d 14w1d 63.0 25w3d 24w1d 26w5d 25.0 13w5d 13w0d 14w3d 64.0 25w5d 24w3d 27w0d 26.0 14w0d 13w2d 14w5d 65.0 26w1d 24w6d 27w3d 27.0 14w2d 13w4d 15w0d 66.0 26w3d 25w0d 27w6d 28.0 14w4d 13w6d 15w2d 67.0 26w6d 25w3d 28w2d 29.0 14w6d 14w1d 15w4d 68.0 27w2d 25w6d 28w5d 30.0 15w1d 14w3d 15w6d 69.0 27w4d 26w1d 29w0d 31.0 15w3d 14w5d 16w1d 70.0 28w0d 26w4d 29w3d 32.0 15w5d 15w0d 16w3d 71.0 28w3d 27w0d 29w6d 33.0 16w0d 15w2d 16w5d 72.0 28w5d 27w1d 30w2d 34.0 16w2d 15w4d 17w0d 73.0 29w1d 27w4d 30w5d 35.0 16w4d 15w6d 17w2d 74.0 29w4d 28w0d 31w1d 36.0 16w6d 16w0d 17w5d 75.0 30w0d 28w3d 31w4d 37.0 17w1d 16w2d 18w0d 76.0 30w3d 28w6d 32w0d 38.0 17w4d 16w5d 18w3d 77.0 30w6d 29w1d 32w4d 39.0 17w6d 17w0d 18w5d 78.0 31w2d 29w4d 33w0d 40.0 18w1d 17w2d 19w0d 79.0 31w5d 30w0d 33w3d 41.0 18w3d 17w4d 19w2d 80.0 32w1d 30w3d 33w6d 42.0 18w5d 17w6d 19w4d 81.0 32w5d 31w0d 34w3d 43.0 19w0d 18w1d 19w6d 82.0 33w1d 31w2d 35w0d 44.0 19w2d 18w3d 20w1d 83.0 33w5d 31w6d 35w4d 45.0 19w4d 18w5d 20w3d 84.0 34w2d 32w3d 36w1d 46.0 20w0d 19w0d 21w0d 85.0 34w6d 33w0d 36w5d 47.0 20w2d 19w2d 21w2d 86.0 35w3d 33w3d 37w3d 48.0 20w4d 19w4d 21w4d 87.0 36w0d 34w0d 38w0d 49.0 20w6d 19w6d 21w6d 88.0 36w5d 34w5d 38w5d 50.0 21w1d 20w1d 22w1d 89.0 37w4d 35w4d 39w4d 51.0 21w3d 20w3d 22w3d 90.0 38w1d 36w0d 40w2d 10-21

[Page 209] (h) BPD Kurtz Kurtz AB, Wapner RJ, Kurtz RJ, et al. Analysis of biparietal diameter as an accurate indicator of gestational age. J Clin Ultrasound 1980: 8; 319-326 20.0 12w0d 12w0d 12w0d 60.0 23w6d 22w2d 25w4d 21.0 12w0d 12w0d 12w0d 61.0 24w1d 22w4d 25w6d 22.0 12w4d 12w1d 13w1d 62.0 24w4d 23w1d 26w1d 23.0 13w0d 12w3d 13w4d 63.0 24w6d 23w3d 26w3d 24.0 13w1d 12w4d 13w6d 64.0 25w2d 23w6d 26w6d 25.0 13w3d 12w6d 14w1d 65.0 25w4d 24w1d 27w1d 26.0 13w5d 13w1d 14w2d 66.0 26w0d 24w4d 27w4d 27.0 14w0d 13w3d 14w4d 67.0 26w3d 25w0d 27w6d 28.0 14w2d 13w4d 15w0d 68.0 26w5d 25w2d 28w1d 29.0 14w3d 13w6d 15w1d 69.0 27w1d 25w6d 28w3d 30.0 14w6d 14w1d 15w4d 70.0 27w3d 26w2d 28w5d 31.0 15w0d 14w2d 15w6d 71.0 27w6d 26w5d 29w1d 32.0 15w2d 14w4d 16w1d 72.0 28w2d 27w1d 29w3d 33.0 15w4d 14w5d 16w4d 73.0 28w5d 27w4d 29w6d 34.0 15w6d 15w0d 16w6d 74.0 29w1d 28w1d 30w1d 35.0 16w1d 15w1d 17w1d 75.0 29w4d 28w4d 30w4d 36.0 16w3d 15w3d 17w3d 76.0 30w0d 29w0d 31w0d 37.0 16w5d 15w4d 17w6d 77.0 30w2d 29w1d 31w3d 38.0 17w0d 15w6d 18w1d 78.0 30w5d 29w4d 32w0d 39.0 17w2d 16w1d 18w4d 79.0 31w1d 29w6d 32w4d 40.0 17w4d 16w3d 18w6d 80.0 31w4d 30w1d 33w0d 41.0 17w6d 16w4d 19w2d 81.0 32w1d 30w5d 33w4d 42.0 18w1d 16w4d 19w6d 82.0 32w4d 31w1d 34w0d 43.0 18w3d 16w6d 20w1d 83.0 33w0d 31w4d 34w4d 44.0 18w5d 16w6d 20w5d 84.0 33w3d 31w6d 35w1d 45.0 19w0d 17w0d 21w1d 85.0 34w0d 32w2d 35w5d 46.0 19w3d 17w3d 21w3d 86.0 34w3d 32w6d 36w1d 47.0 19w5d 17w6d 21w4d 87.0 35w0d 33w3d 36w4d 48.0 20w0d 18w1d 21w6d 88.0 35w3d 33w6d 37w1d 49.0 20w2d 18w4d 22w0d 89.0 36w0d 34w4d 37w4d 50.0 20w4d 19w0d 22w1d 90.0 36w4d 35w1d 38w1d 51.0 20w6d 19w2d 22w4d 91.0 37w1d 35w6d 38w4d 52.0 21w1d 19w4d 22w6d 92.0 37w5d 36w5d 38w6d 53.0 21w3d 19w6d 23w1d 93.0 38w2d 37w2d 39w2d 54.0 21w6d 20w1d 23w5d 94.0 39w0d 37w6d 40w1d 55.0 22w1d 20w3d 24w0d 95.0 39w5d 38w4d 40w6d 56.0 22w3d 20w5d 24w2d 96.0 40w2d 39w1d 41w4d 57.0 22w6d 21w1d 24w4d 97.0 41w0d 39w6d 42w1d 58.0 23w1d 21w4d 24w6d 98.0 41w6d 40w4d 43w1d 59.0 23w3d 21w6d 25w1d 10-22

[Page 210] (i) BPD Merz Merz E: "Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics" Stuttgart, New York, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 1991; 312, 326-336 21 12w1d 10w5d 13w5d 62 24w1d 22w1d 26w1d 22 12w3d 10w6d 13w6d 63 24w4d 22w4d 26w4d 23 12w5d 11w1d 14w1d 64 24w6d 22w6d 26w6d 24 13w0d 11w4d 14w4d 65 25w1d 23w1d 27w1d 25 13w1d 11w5d 14w5d 66 25w4d 23w4d 27w4d 26 13w4d 12w0d 15w0d 67 25w6d 23w6d 27w6d 27 13w6d 12w1d 15w3d 68 26w1d 24w1d 28w2d 28 14w1d 12w4d 15w5d 69 26w4d 24w3d 28w4d 29 14w2d 12w5d 15w6d 70 26w6d 24w5d 28w6d 30 14w4d 13w0d 16w1d 71 27w1d 25w1d 29w2d 31 14w6d 13w2d 16w4d 72 27w4d 25w4d 29w5d 32 15w1d 13w4d 16w6d 73 27w6d 25w6d 30w0d 33 15w3d 13w6d 17w0d 74 28w2d 26w1d 30w3d 34 15w5d 14w0d 17w3d 75 28w4d 26w4d 30w5d 35 16w0d 14w2d 17w5d 76 29w0d 26w6d 31w1d 36 16w2d 14w4d 18w0d 77 29w3d 27w1d 31w4d 37 16w4d 14w6d 18w1d 78 29w6d 27w4d 32w0d 38 16w6d 15w1d 18w4d 79 30w1d 27w6d 32w2d 39 17w1d 15w3d 18w6d 80 30w4d 28w2d 32w5d 40 17w3d 15w5d 19w1d 81 30w6d 28w5d 33w1d 41 17w5d 15w6d 19w4d 82 31w2d 29w1d 33w4d 42 18w0d 16w1d 19w6d 83 31w5d 29w4d 33w6d 43 18w2d 16w4d 20w1d 84 32w1d 29w6d 34w2d 44 18w4d 16w6d 20w3d 85 32w4d 30w2d 34w5d 45 18w6d 17w1d 20w5d 86 32w6d 30w5d 35w1d 46 19w1d 17w3d 21w0d 87 33w2d 31w0d 35w4d 47 19w3d 17w4d 21w1d 88 33w6d 31w4d 36w1d 48 19w5d 17w6d 21w4d 89 34w1d 31w6d 36w4d 49 20w0d 18w1d 21w6d 90 34w4d 32w2d 36w6d 50 20w3d 18w4d 22w1d 91 35w1d 32w6d 37w3d 51 20w5d 18w6d 22w4d 92 35w4d 33w1d 37w6d 52 21w0d 19w1d 22w6d 93 35w6d 33w4d 38w1d 53 21w2d 19w3d 23w1d 94 36w3d 34w0d 38w6d 54 21w4d 19w5d 23w4d 95 36w6d 34w4d 39w2d 55 21w6d 20w0d 23w6d 96 37w2d 34w6d 39w5d 56 22w1d 20w2d 24w1d 97 37w6d 35w3d 40w1d 57 22w4d 20w4d 24w3d 98 38w2d 35w6d 40w5d 58 22w6d 20w6d 24w5d 99 38w6d 36w3d 41w1d 59 23w1d 21w1d 25w1d 100 39w2d 36w6d 41w6d 60 23w4d 21w4d 25w4d 101 39w6d 37w2d 42w2d 61 23w6d 21w6d 25w6d 102 40w2d 37w6d 42w6d 10-23

[Page 211] (j) BPD Rempen Rempen, A. Chaoui, R. Kozlowski, P. Häusler, M. Terinde, R. Wisse; Standards zur Ultraschalluntersuchung in der Frühschwangerschaft; Ultraschall in Med. 22 (2001) M1-M5 BPD GA (w d) 3.0 6w6d 6w1d 7w3d 4.0 7w1d 6w3d 7w6d 5.0 7w3d 6w5d 8w1d 6.0 7w5d 7w0d 8w4d 7.0 8w0d 7w2d 8w6d 8.0 8w2d 7w4d 9w1d 9.0 8w4d 7w6d 9w3d 10.0 8w6d 8w1d 9w5d 11.0 9w1d 8w2d 10w1d 12.0 9w3d 8w4d 10w3d 13.0 9w5d 8w6d 10w5d 14.0 10w0d 9w1d 11w0d 15.0 10w2d 9w3d 11w2d 16.0 10w4d 9w4d 11w5d 17.0 10w6d 9w6d 12w0d 18.0 11w1d 10w1d 12w2d 19.0 11w3d 10w3d 12w4d 20.0 11w5d 10w5d 13w0d 21.0 12w1d 11w0d 13w2d 22.0 12w3d 11w2d 13w5d 10-24

[Page 212] (3) CER (a) CER Goldstein Israel Goldstein, M.D. Cerebellar measurements with ultrasonography in the evalution of fetal growth and development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 1065-1069 GA=6.329+0.4807*CER+0.01484*CER^2-0.0002474*CER^3 Input : CER (mm) Input min : 10.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 55.0 (mm) CER GA (w d) CER GA (w d) (mm) Mean (mm) Mean 10.0 12w3d 33.0 29w3d 11.0 13w1d 34.0 30w1d 12.0 13w6d 35.0 30w5d 13.0 14w4d 36.0 31w2d 14.0 15w2d 37.0 31w6d 15.0 16w0d 38.0 32w3d 16.0 16w6d 39.0 33w0d 17.0 17w4d 40.0 33w3d 18.0 18w2d 41.0 34w0d 19.0 19w1d 42.0 34w3d 20.0 19w6d 43.0 34w5d 21.0 20w5d 44.0 35w1d 22.0 21w3d 45.0 35w3d 23.0 22w2d 46.0 35w5d 24.0 23w0d 47.0 36w0d 25.0 23w5d 48.0 36w2d 26.0 24w4d 49.0 36w3d 27.0 25w2d 50.0 36w4d 28.0 26w0d 51.0 36w4d 29.0 26w5d 52.0 36w5d 30.0 27w3d 53.0 36w5d 31.0 28w1d 54.0 36w4d 32.0 28w6d 55.0 36w3d 10-25

[Page 213] (b) CER Hill LYNDON M. HILL, MD The transverse cerebellar diameter in estimating gestational age in the larg for gestational age fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 981-985 GA=6.37+0.54*CER+0.0078*CER^2-0.00013*CER^3 Input : CER (mm) Input min : 14.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 56.0 (mm) CER GA (w d) CER GA (w d) Standard Deviation: (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD Age ±2SD 14.0 15w1d 14w4d 15w4d 36.0 29w6d 28w6d 30w6d (weeks) (weeks) 15.0 15w6d 15w2d 16w2d 37.0 30w3d 29w2d 31w5d 12-17 0.5 16.0 16w3d 16w0d 17w0d 38.0 31w0d 29w6d 32w2d 18-23 0.9 17.0 17w1d 16w5d 17w5d 39.0 31w4d 30w3d 32w5d 24-29 1.0 18.0 17w6d 17w3d 18w3d 40.0 32w1d 31w0d 33w2d 30-35 1.2 19.0 18w4d 17w5d 19w3d 41.0 32w5d 31w3d 33w6d 36- 1.6 20.0 19w2d 18w2d 20w1d 42.0 33w1d 32w0d 34w3d 21.0 20w0d 19w0d 20w6d 43.0 33w5d 32w3d 34w6d 22.0 20w4d 19w5d 21w4d 44.0 34w1d 33w0d 35w2d 23.0 21w2d 20w3d 22w2d 45.0 34w4d 33w3d 35w6d 24.0 22w0d 21w1d 22w6d 46.0 35w0d 33w6d 36w2d 25.0 22w5d 21w6d 23w4d 47.0 35w3d 34w2d 36w5d 26.0 23w3d 22w3d 24w2d 48.0 35w6d 34w5d 37w1d 27.0 24w1d 23w1d 25w1d 49.0 36w2d 34w5d 37w6d 28.0 24w5d 23w5d 25w5d 50.0 36w4d 35w0d 38w2d 29.0 25w3d 24w3d 26w3d 51.0 37w0d 35w2d 38w4d 30.0 26w1d 25w1d 27w1d 52.0 37w2d 35w5d 38w6d 31.0 26w5d 25w5d 27w5d 53.0 37w4d 36w0d 39w1d 32.0 27w3d 26w3d 28w3d 54.0 37w6d 36w1d 39w3d 33.0 28w0d 27w0d 29w0d 55.0 38w0d 36w3d 39w4d 34.0 28w4d 27w4d 29w4d 56.0 38w2d 36w4d 39w6d 35.0 29w2d 28w2d 30w2d 10-26

[Page 214] (4) CLAV (a) CLAV Yarkoni Yarkoni S, Schmidt W, Jeanty P, et al "Clavicular measurement: A new biometric parameter for fetal evaluation" J Ultrasound Med. 4: 467-470, 1985. GA=3.717731+0.8272778*CLAV Standard Deviation (±): 1SD=2.684 weeks Input : CLAV (mm) Input min : 11.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 45.0 (mm) CLAV GA (w d) 11.0 12w6d 8w3d 17w2d 12.0 13w5d 9w2d 18w0d 13.0 14w3d 10w0d 18w6d 14.0 15w2d 10w6d 19w5d 15.0 16w1d 11w5d 20w4d 16.0 17w0d 12w4d 21w3d 17.0 17w5d 13w3d 22w1d 18.0 18w4d 14w1d 23w0d 19.0 19w3d 15w0d 23w6d 20.0 20w2d 15w6d 24w5d 21.0 21w1d 16w5d 25w4d 22.0 21w6d 17w4d 26w2d 23.0 22w5d 18w2d 27w1d 24.0 23w4d 19w1d 28w0d 25.0 24w3d 20w0d 28w6d 26.0 25w2d 20w6d 29w4d 27.0 26w0d 21w4d 30w3d 28.0 26w6d 22w3d 31w2d 29.0 27w5d 23w2d 32w1d 30.0 28w4d 24w1d 33w0d 31.0 29w3d 25w0d 33w5d 32.0 30w1d 25w5d 34w4d 33.0 31w0d 26w4d 35w3d 34.0 31w6d 27w3d 36w2d 35.0 32w5d 28w2d 37w1d 36.0 33w3d 29w1d 37w6d 37.0 34w2d 29w6d 38w5d 38.0 35w1d 30w5d 39w4d 39.0 36w0d 31w4d 40w3d 40.0 36w6d 32w3d 41w2d 41.0 37w4d 33w2d 42w0d 42.0 38w3d 34w0d 42w6d 43.0 39w2d 34w6d 43w5d 44.0 40w1d 35w5d 44w4d 45.0 41w0d 36w4d 45w3d 10-27

[Page 215] (5) CRL (a) CRL ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA=-0.0007*CRL^2+0.1584*CRL+5.2876 Input : CRL (mm) Input min : 1.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 87.0 (mm) CRL GA (w d) CRL GA (w d) CRL GA (w d) (mm) Mean (mm) Mean (mm) Mean 1.0 5w3d 30.0 9w3d 59.0 12w1d 2.0 5w4d 31.0 9w4d 60.0 12w2d 3.0 5w5d 32.0 9w4d 61.0 12w2d 4.0 5w6d 33.0 9w5d 62.0 12w3d 5.0 6w0d 34.0 9w6d 63.0 12w3d 6.0 6w1d 35.0 10w0d 64.0 12w4d 7.0 6w3d 36.0 10w1d 65.0 12w4d 8.0 6w4d 37.0 10w1d 66.0 12w5d 9.0 6w5d 38.0 10w2d 67.0 12w5d 10.0 6w6d 39.0 10w3d 68.0 12w6d 11.0 7w0d 40.0 10w4d 69.0 12w6d 12.0 7w1d 41.0 10w4d 70.0 13w0d 13.0 7w2d 42.0 10w5d 71.0 13w0d 14.0 7w3d 43.0 10w6d 72.0 13w0d 15.0 7w4d 44.0 10w6d 73.0 13w1d 16.0 7w4d 45.0 11w0d 74.0 13w1d 17.0 7w5d 46.0 11w1d 75.0 13w2d 18.0 7w6d 47.0 11w1d 76.0 13w2d 19.0 8w0d 48.0 11w2d 77.0 13w2d 20.0 8w1d 49.0 11w3d 78.0 13w3d 21.0 8w2d 50.0 11w3d 79.0 13w3d 22.0 8w3d 51.0 11w4d 80.0 13w3d 23.0 8w4d 52.0 11w4d 81.0 13w4d 24.0 8w5d 53.0 11w5d 82.0 13w4d 25.0 8w6d 54.0 11w6d 83.0 13w4d 26.0 9w0d 55.0 11w6d 84.0 13w5d 27.0 9w0d 56.0 12w0d 85.0 13w5d 28.0 9w1d 57.0 12w0d 86.0 13w5d 29.0 9w2d 58.0 12w1d 87.0 13w5d 10-28

[Page 216] (b) CRL BMUS BMUS: Charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice. February 2007 4.0 6w0d 5w3d 6w4d 6.0 6w3d 6w0d 7w0d 8.0 6w6d 6w2d 7w3d 10.0 7w2d 6w5d 7w6d 12.0 7w4d 7w0d 8w1d 14.0 7w6d 7w3d 8w3d 16.0 8w2d 7w5d 8w5d 18.0 8w3d 8w0d 9w0d 20.0 8w5d 8w1d 9w2d 22.0 9w0d 8w3d 9w4d 24.0 9w2d 8w5d 9w6d 26.0 9w3d 8w6d 10w0d 28.0 9w5d 9w1d 10w2d 30.0 9w6d 9w3d 10w3d 32.0 10w1d 9w4d 10w5d 34.0 10w2d 9w5d 10w6d 36.0 10w4d 10w0d 11w0d 38.0 10w5d 10w1d 11w2d 40.0 10w6d 10w2d 11w3d 42.0 11w0d 10w4d 11w4d 44.0 11w2d 10w5d 11w6d 46.0 11w3d 10w6d 12w0d 48.0 11w4d 11w0d 12w1d 50.0 11w5d 11w1d 12w2d 52.0 11w6d 11w3d 12w3d 54.0 12w1d 11w4d 12w4d 56.0 12w2d 11w5d 12w6d 58.0 12w3d 11w6d 13w0d 60.0 12w4d 12w0d 13w1d 62.0 12w5d 12w1d 13w2d 64.0 12w6d 12w2d 13w3d 66.0 13w0d 12w3d 13w4d 68.0 13w1d 12w4d 13w5d 70.0 13w2d 12w5d 13w6d 72.0 13w3d 12w6d 14w0d 74.0 13w4d 13w0d 14w1d 76.0 13w5d 13w1d 14w2d 78.0 13w6d 13w2d 14w2d 80.0 14w2d 13w5d 14w5d 10-29

[Page 217] (c) CRL Daya Daya S.; "Accuracy of gestational age estimation by means of fetal crown- rump length measurement", Am J Obstet Gynecol; March 1993; pages 903- (mm) Mean 2.5%tile 97.5%tile (mm) Mean 2.5%tile 97.5%tile 2 6w1d 5w3d 6w6d 42 11w1d 10w3d 11w6d 3 6w2d 5w4d 6w6d 43 11w1d 10w4d 11w6d 4 6w3d 5w5d 7w1d 44 11w1d 10w4d 11w6d 5 6w4d 5w6d 7w2d 45 11w2d 10w4d 12w0d 6 6w5d 6w0d 7w3d 46 11w3d 10w5d 12w1d 7 6w6d 6w1d 7w4d 47 11w4d 10w6d 12w1d 8 7w0d 6w2d 7w5d 48 11w4d 10w6d 12w2d 9 7w1d 6w4d 7w6d 49 11w5d 11w0d 12w3d 10 7w2d 6w4d 8w0d 50 11w5d 11w0d 12w3d 11 7w3d 6w6d 8w1d 51 11w6d 11w1d 12w4d 12 7w4d 6w6d 8w2d 52 11w6d 11w1d 12w4d 13 7w5d 7w0d 8w3d 53 12w0d 11w1d 12w5d 14 7w6d 7w1d 8w4d 54 12w0d 11w2d 12w5d 15 8w0d 7w2d 8w5d 55 12w1d 11w3d 12w6d 16 8w1d 7w3d 8w6d 56 12w1d 11w4d 12w6d 17 8w2d 7w4d 9w0d 57 12w1d 11w4d 12w6d 18 8w3d 7w5d 9w1d 58 12w2d 11w4d 13w0d 19 8w4d 7w6d 9w1d 59 12w3d 11w4d 13w1d 20 8w5d 8w0d 9w2d 60 12w3d 11w5d 13w1d 21 8w6d 8w1d 9w4d 61 12w4d 11w6d 13w1d 22 8w6d 8w1d 9w4d 62 12w4d 11w6d 13w2d 23 8w0d 8w2d 9w5d 63 12w4d 11w6d 13w2d 24 9w1d 8w4d 9w6d 64 12w5d 11w6d 13w3d 25 9w2d 8w4d 10w0d 65 12w5d 12w0d 13w3d 26 9w3d 8w5d 10w1d 66 12w6d 12w0d 13w4d 27 9w4d 8w6d 10w1d 67 12w6d 12w1d 13w4d 28 9w4d 8w6d 10w2d 68 12w6d 12w1d 13w4d 29 9w5d 9w0d 10w3d 69 12w6d 12w1d 13w4d 30 9w6d 9w1d 10w4d 70 13w0d 12w1d 13w5d 31 10w0d 9w2d 10w4d 71 13w0d 12w2d 13w5d 32 10w1d 9w3d 10w6d 72 13w1d 12w2d 13w6d 33 10w1d 9w4d 10w6d 73 13w1d 12w2d 13w6d 34 10w2d 9w4d 11w0d 74 13w1d 12w3d 13w6d 35 10w3d 9w5d 11w1d 75 13w1d 12w3d 13w6d 36 10w4d 9w6d 11w1d 76 13w1d 12w3d 13w6d 37 10w4d 9w6d 11w2d 77 13w1d 12w4d 14w0d 38 10w5d 10w0d 11w3d 78 13w2d 12w4d 14w0d 39 10w6d 10w1d 11w4d 79 13w2d 12w4d 14w0d 40 10w6d 10w1d 11w4d 80 13w2d 12w4d 14w0d 41 11w0d 10w2d 11w5d 10-30

[Page 218] (d) CRL Hadlock Hadlock FP, Shah YP, Kanon DJ, Lindsey JV: "Fetal crown-rump length: Reevaluation of relation to menstrual age (5-18 weeks) with high-resolution real-time US" Radiology 182: 501-505, 1992. GA=e^(1.684969+0.315646*CRL-0.049306*CRL^2+0.004057*CRL^3 -0.000120456*CRL^4) 2.5%-97.5%tile=Mean±GA*0.08 Input : CRL (cm) Input min : 0.2 (cm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 12.1 (cm) GA (w d) GA (w d) GA (w d) CRL CRL CRL 97.5% 97.5% 97.5% (mm) Mean 25%tile (mm) Mean 25%tile (mm) Mean 25%tile tile tile tile 2 5w5d 5w2d 6w1d 42 11w0d 10w1d 12w0d 82 14w1d 13w0d 15w2d 3 5w6d 5w3d 6w3d 43 11w1d 10w2d 12w0d 83 14w2d 13w1d 15w3d 4 6w1d 5w4d 6w4d 44 11w2d 10w2d 12w1d 84 14w2d 13w1d 15w3d 5 6w2d 5w5d 6w5d 45 11w2d 10w3d 12w2d 85 14w3d 13w2d 15w4d 6 6w3d 5w6d 6w6d 46 11w3d 10w3d 12w2d 86 14w4d 13w2d 15w5d 7 6w4d 6w0d 7w1d 47 11w3d 10w4d 12w3d 87 14w4d 13w3d 15w5d 8 6w5d 6w1d 7w2d 48 11w4d 10w5d 12w4d 88 14w5d 13w4d 15w6d 9 6w6d 6w2d 7w3d 49 11w5d 10w5d 12w4d 89 14w5d 13w4d 16w0d 10 7w0d 6w4d 7w4d 50 11w5d 10w6d 12w5d 90 14w6d 13w5d 16w0d 11 7w2d 6w5d 7w6d 51 11w6d 10w6d 12w5d 91 15w0d 13w5d 16w1d 12 7w3d 6w6d 8w0d 52 11w6d 11w0d 12w6d 92 15w0d 13w6d 16w2d 13 7w4d 7w0d 8w1d 53 12w0d 11w0d 12w6d 93 15w1d 14w0d 16w3d 14 7w5d 7w1d 8w2d 54 12w0d 11w1d 13w0d 94 15w2d 14w0d 16w3d 15 7w6d 7w2d 8w3d 55 12w1d 11w1d 13w1d 95 15w2d 14w1d 16w4d 16 8w0d 7w3d 8w4d 56 12w1d 11w1d 13w1d 96 15w3d 14w1d 16w5d 17 8w1d 7w3d 8w6d 57 12w2d 11w2d 13w2d 97 15w4d 14w2d 16w6d 18 8w2d 7w4d 9w0d 58 12w2d 11w2d 13w2d 98 15w5d 14w3d 16w6d 19 8w3d 7w5d 9w1d 59 12w3d 11w3d 13w3d 99 15w5d 14w3d 17w0d 20 8w4d 7w6d 9w2d 60 12w3d 11w3d 13w3d 100 15w6d 14w4d 17w1d 21 8w5d 8w0d 9w3d 61 12w4d 11w4d 13w4d 101 16w0d 14w5d 17w2d 22 8w6d 8w1d 9w4d 62 12w4d 11w4d 13w4d 102 16w0d 14w5d 17w2d 23 9w0d 8w2d 9w5d 63 12w5d 11w5d 13w5d 103 16w1d 14w6d 17w3d 24 9w1d 8w3d 9w6d 64 12w5d 11w5d 13w6d 104 16w2d 15w0d 17w4d 25 9w2d 8w4d 10w0d 65 12w6d 11w6d 13w6d 105 16w3d 15w0d 17w5d 26 9w3d 8w4d 10w1d 66 12w6d 11w6d 14w0d 106 16w3d 15w1d 17w6d 27 9w3d 8w5d 10w2d 67 13w0d 12w0d 14w0d 107 16w4d 15w2d 17w6d 28 9w4d 8w6d 10w3d 68 13w0d 12w0d 14w1d 108 16w5d 15w2d 18w0d 29 9w5d 9w0d 10w4d 69 13w1d 12w1d 14w1d 109 16w6d 15w3d 18w1d 30 9w6d 9w0d 10w5d 70 13w1d 12w1d 14w2d 110 16w6d 15w4d 18w2d 31 10w0d 9w1d 10w5d 71 13w2d 12w2d 14w2d 111 17w0d 15w5d 18w3d 32 10w1d 9w2d 10w6d 72 13w3d 12w2d 14w3d 112 17w1d 15w5d 18w3d 33 10w1d 9w3d 11w0d 73 13w3d 12w3d 14w4d 113 17w1d 15w6d 18w4d 34 10w2d 9w3d 11w1d 74 13w4d 12w3d 14w4d 114 17w2d 16w0d 18w5d 35 10w3d 9w4d 11w2d 75 13w4d 12w4d 14w5d 115 17w3d 16w0d 18w6d 36 10w3d 9w5d 11w2d 76 13w5d 12w4d 14w5d 116 17w4d 16w1d 18w6d 37 10w4d 9w5d 11w3d 77 13w5d 12w5d 14w6d 117 17w4d 16w1d 19w0d 38 10w5d 9w6d 11w4d 78 13w6d 12w5d 15w0d 118 17w5d 16w2d 19w1d 39 10w6d 10w0d 11w5d 79 13w6d 12w6d 15w0d 119 17w6d 16w3d 19w2d 40 10w6d 10w0d 11w5d 80 14w0d 12w6d 15w1d 120 17w6d 16w3d 19w2d 41 11w0d 10w1d 11w6d 81 14w1d 13w0d 15w1d 121 18w0d 16w4d 19w3d 10-31

[Page 219] (e) CRL Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD 6.0 6w0d 5w0d 6w6d 52.0 12w1d 10w6d 13w3d 7.0 6w1d 5w2d 7w1d 54.0 12w2d 10w6d 13w4d 8.0 6w3d 5w3d 7w2d 56.0 12w3d 11w0d 13w5d 9.0 6w5d 5w5d 7w5d 58.0 12w4d 11w1d 13w6d 10.0 6w6d 6w0d 7w6d 60.0 12w5d 11w2d 14w0d 11.0 7w1d 6w1d 8w0d 63.0 12w6d 11w3d 14w2d 12.0 7w2d 6w2d 8w2d 66.0 13w1d 11w4d 14w4d 13.0 7w3d 6w4d 8w3d 70.0 13w2d 11w6d 14w6d 14.0 7w5d 6w5d 8w5d 73.0 13w4d 12w0d 15w0d 15.0 7w6d 6w6d 8w6d 76.0 13w5d 12w1d 15w2d 16.0 8w1d 7w1d 9w0d 80.0 14w0d 12w3d 15w4d 17.0 8w2d 7w2d 9w1d 83.0 14w1d 12w4d 15w6d 18.0 8w3d 7w3d 9w3d 86.0 14w3d 12w5d 16w1d 19.0 8w4d 7w4d 9w4d 90.0 14w5d 13w0d 16w3d 20.0 8w5d 7w5d 9w5d 93.0 15w0d 13w2d 16w5d 21.0 8w6d 7w6d 9w6d 96.0 15w2d 13w3d 17w0d 22.0 9w0d 8w0d 10w0d 100.0 15w4d 13w5d 17w2d 23.0 9w1d 8w1d 10w1d 103.0 15w6d 14w0d 17w5d 24.0 9w2d 8w2d 10w2d 106.0 16w1d 14w2d 18w0d 26.0 9w4d 8w4d 10w4d 110.0 16w3d 14w4d 18w3d 28.0 9w6d 8w5d 11w0d 113.0 16w6d 14w6d 18w6d 30.0 10w1d 9w0d 11w1d 116.0 17w1d 15w1d 19w1d 32.0 10w2d 9w1d 11w3d 120.0 17w3d 15w3d 19w3d 34.0 10w4d 9w3d 11w4d 123.0 17w6d 15w6d 19w6d 36.0 10w5d 9w4d 11w6d 126.0 18w1d 16w1d 20w2d 38.0 11w0d 9w5d 12w1d 130.0 18w5d 16w4d 20w5d 40.0 11w1d 10w0d 12w2d 133.0 19w0d 16w6d 21w1d 42.0 11w2d 10w1d 12w3d 136.0 19w3d 17w2d 21w5d 44.0 11w3d 10w2d 12w5d 140.0 19w6d 17w5d 22w1d 46.0 11w5d 10w4d 12w6d 143.0 20w2d 18w0d 22w4d 48.0 11w6d 10w5d 13w1d 146.0 20w5d 18w3d 23w0d 50.0 12w0d 10w5d 13w2d 150.0 21w2d 18w6d 23w4d 10-32

[Page 220] (f) CRL Jeanty Jeanty P "Fetal Biometry" Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: P93-108 10 7w3d 6w5d 8w0d 11 7w4d 6w6d 8w2d 12 7w5d 7w1d 8w3d 13 8w0d 7w2d 8w4d 14 8w1d 7w3d 8w6d 15 8w2d 7w4d 9w0d 16 8w3d 7w5d 9w1d 17 8w4d 8w0d 9w2d 18 8w5d 8w1d 9w3d 19 8w6d 8w2d 9w4d 20 9w0d 8w3d 9w5d 21 9w1d 8w4d 9w6d 22 9w2d 8w5d 10w0d 23 9w3d 8w6d 10w1d 24 9w4d 8w6d 10w2d 25 9w5d 9w0d 10w3d 26 9w6d 9w1d 10w4d 27 10w0d 9w2d 10w5d 28 10w1d 9w3d 10w5d 29 10w2d 9w4d 10w6d 30 10w2d 9w5d 11w0d 31 10w3d 9w5d 11w1d 32 10w4d 9w6d 11w2d 33 10w5d 10w0d 11w2d 34 10w6d 10w1d 11w3d 35 10w6d 10w2d 11w4d 36 11w0d 10w2d 11w5d 37 11w1d 10w3d 11w6d 38 11w2d 10w4d 11w6d 39 11w2d 10w5d 12w0d 40 11w3d 10w5d 12w1d 41 11w4d 10w6d 12w1d 42 11w4d 11w0d 12w2d 43 11w5d 11w0d 12w3d 44 11w6d 11w1d 12w3d 45 11w6d 11w2d 12w4d 46 12w0d 11w2d 12w5d 47 12w1d 11w3d 12w5d 48 12w1d 11w4d 12w6d 49 12w2d 11w4d 13w0d 10-33

[Page 221] (g) CRL JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 (mm) Mean 10%tile 90%tile 13 8w0d 7w3d 9w0d 14 8w1d 7w4d 9w1d 15 8w2d 7w5d 9w1d 16 8w3d 7w6d 9w2d 17 8w4d 8w0d 9w3d 18 8w5d 8w1d 9w4d 19 8w6d 8w2d 9w5d 20 9w0d 8w3d 9w6d 21 9w1d 8w4d 10w0d 22 9w2d 8w4d 10w1d 23 9w2d 8w5d 10w1d 24 9w3d 8w6d 10w2d 25 9w4d 9w0d 10w3d 26 9w5d 9w1d 10w4d 27 9w6d 9w2d 10w5d 28 10w0d 9w2d 10w5d 29 10w0d 9w3d 10w6d 30 10w1d 9w4d 11w0d 31 10w2d 9w5d 11w0d 32 10w3d 9w6d 11w1d 33 10w3d 9w6d 11w2d 34 10w4d 10w0d 11w2d 35 10w5d 10w1d 11w3d 36 10w5d 10w1d 11w3d 37 10w6d 10w2d 11w4d 38 11w0d 10w3d 11w5d 39 11w0d 10w3d 11w5d 40 11w1d 10w4d 11w6d 41 11w2d 10w5d 11w6d 42 11w2d 10w5d 12w0d 43 11w3d 10w6d 12w0d 10-34

[Page 222] (h) CRL Nelson Nelson "Comparison of Methods for Determining Crown-Rump Measurement by Real- Time Ultrasound": J Clin Ultrasound 9: 67-70, Februart 1981: P702-P710 GA=51.008+0.6*CRL Input : CRL (mm) Input min : 15.0 (mm) Output : GA (days) Input max : 90.0 (mm) (mm) Mean (mm) Mean 15.0 8w4d 53.0 11w6d 16.0 8w5d 54.0 11w6d 17.0 8w5d 55.0 12w0d 18.0 8w6d 56.0 12w1d 19.0 8w6d 57.0 12w1d 20.0 9w0d 58.0 12w2d 21.0 9w1d 59.0 12w2d 22.0 9w1d 60.0 12w3d 23.0 9w2d 61.0 12w4d 24.0 9w2d 62.0 12w4d 25.0 9w3d 63.0 12w5d 26.0 9w4d 64.0 12w5d 27.0 9w4d 65.0 12w6d 28.0 9w5d 66.0 13w0d 29.0 9w5d 67.0 13w0d 30.0 9w6d 68.0 13w1d 31.0 10w0d 69.0 13w1d 32.0 10w0d 70.0 13w2d 33.0 10w1d 71.0 13w3d 34.0 10w1d 72.0 13w3d 35.0 10w2d 73.0 13w4d 36.0 10w3d 74.0 13w4d 37.0 10w3d 75.0 13w5d 38.0 10w4d 76.0 13w6d 39.0 10w4d 77.0 13w6d 40.0 10w5d 78.0 14w0d 41.0 10w6d 79.0 14w0d 42.0 10w6d 80.0 14w1d 43.0 11w0d 81.0 14w2d 44.0 11w0d 82.0 14w2d 45.0 11w1d 83.0 14w3d 46.0 11w2d 84.0 14w3d 47.0 11w2d 85.0 14w4d 48.0 11w3d 86.0 14w5d 49.0 11w3d 87.0 14w5d 50.0 11w4d 88.0 14w6d 51.0 11w5d 89.0 14w6d 52.0 11w5d 90.0 15w0d 10-35

[Page 223] (i) CRL Rempen Rempen, A. Chaoui, R. Kozlowski, P. Häusler, M. Terinde, R. Wisse; Standards zur Ultraschalluntersuchung in der Frühschwangerschaft; Ultraschall in Med. 22 (2001) M1-M5 1.0 – – – 31.0 9w5d 8w6d 10w3d 2.0 6w0d 5w2d 6w4d 32.0 9w6d 9w0d 10w4d 3.0 6w1d 5w4d 6w5d 33.0 9w6d 9w1d 10w5d 4.0 6w2d 5w5d 7w0d 34.0 10w0d 9w1d 10w6d 5.0 6w3d 5w6d 7w1d 35.0 10w1d 9w2d 11w0d 6.0 6w4d 6w0d 7w2d 36.0 10w2d 9w3d 11w0d 7.0 6w5d 6w1d 7w3d 37.0 10w2d 9w4d 11w1d 8.0 6w6d 6w2d 7w4d 38.0 10w3d 9w4d 11w2d 9.0 7w0d 6w3d 7w5d 39.0 10w4d 9w5d 11w3d 10.0 7w1d 6w4d 7w6d 40.0 10w5d 9w6d 11w4d 11.0 7w2d 6w4d 8w0d 41.0 10w5d 10w0d 11w4d 12.0 7w3d 6w5d 8w1d 42.0 10w6d 10w0d 11w5d 13.0 7w4d 6w6d 8w2d 43.0 11w0d 10w1d 11w6d 14.0 7w5d 7w0d 8w3d 44.0 11w1d 10w2d 12w0d 15.0 7w6d 7w1d 8w4d 45.0 11w1d 10w2d 12w0d 16.0 8w0d 7w2d 8w5d 46.0 11w2d 10w3d 12w1d 17.0 8w0d 7w3d 8w6d 47.0 11w3d 10w4d 12w2d 18.0 8w1d 7w3d 9w0d 48.0 11w4d 10w5d 12w3d 19.0 8w2d 7w4d 9w0d 49.0 11w4d 10w5d 12w3d 20.0 8w3d 7w5d 9w1d 50.0 11w5d 10w6d 12w4d 21.0 8w4d 7w6d 9w2d 51.0 11w6d 11w0d 12w5d 22.0 8w5d 7w6d 9w3d 52.0 11w6d 11w0d 12w6d 23.0 8w5d 8w0d 9w4d 53.0 12w0d 11w1d 12w6d 24.0 8w6d 8w1d 9w5d 54.0 12w1d 11w2d 13w0d 25.0 9w0d 8w2d 9w6d 55.0 12w2d 11w2d 13w1d 26.0 9w1d 8w3d 9w6d 56.0 12w2d 11w3d 13w2d 27.0 9w2d 8w3d 10w0d 57.0 12w3d 11w4d 13w3d 28.0 9w2d 8w4d 10w1d 58.0 12w4d 11w5d 13w3d 29.0 9w3d 8w5d 10w2d 59.0 12w5d 11w5d 13w4d 30.0 9w4d 8w6d 10w3d 60.0 12w5d 11w6d 13w5d 10-36

[Page 224] (j) CRL Robinson Robinson HP, Fleming JEE, "A critical evaluation of sonar crown-rump length measurements", Brit J Obstet Gynaecol 1975 82: 702-710 GA=8.052* √ (CRL)+23.73 5%-95%tile=Mean±5 Input : CRL (mm) Input min : 6.7 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 82.4 (mm) 6.7 6w3d 5w5d 7w1d 45.0 11w1d 10w3d 11w6d 7.0 6w3d 5w5d 7w1d 46.0 11w1d 10w3d 11w6d 8.0 6w5d 6w0d 7w3d 47.0 11w2d 10w4d 12w0d 9.0 6w6d 6w1d 7w4d 48.0 11w3d 10w5d 12w1d 10.0 7w0d 6w2d 7w5d 49.0 11w3d 10w5d 12w1d 11.0 7w1d 6w3d 7w6d 50.0 11w4d 10w6d 12w2d 12.0 7w3d 6w5d 8w1d 51.0 11w4d 10w6d 12w2d 13.0 7w4d 6w6d 8w2d 52.0 11w5d 11w0d 12w3d 14.0 7w5d 7w0d 8w3d 53.0 11w5d 11w0d 12w3d 15.0 7w6d 7w1d 8w4d 54.0 11w6d 11w1d 12w4d 16.0 8w0d 7w2d 8w5d 55.0 11w6d 11w1d 12w4d 17.0 8w1d 7w3d 8w6d 56.0 12w0d 11w2d 12w5d 18.0 8w2d 7w4d 9w0d 57.0 12w1d 11w3d 12w6d 19.0 8w3d 7w5d 9w1d 58.0 12w1d 11w3d 12w6d 20.0 8w4d 7w6d 9w2d 59.0 12w2d 11w4d 13w0d 21.0 8w5d 8w0d 9w3d 60.0 12w2d 11w4d 13w0d 22.0 8w5d 8w0d 9w3d 61.0 12w3d 11w5d 13w1d 23.0 8w6d 8w1d 9w4d 62.0 12w3d 11w5d 13w1d 24.0 9w0d 8w2d 9w5d 63.0 12w4d 11w6d 13w2d 25.0 9w1d 8w3d 9w6d 64.0 12w4d 11w6d 13w2d 26.0 9w2d 8w4d 10w0d 65.0 12w5d 12w0d 13w3d 27.0 9w3d 8w5d 10w1d 66.0 12w5d 12w0d 13w3d 28.0 9w3d 8w5d 10w1d 67.0 12w6d 12w1d 13w4d 29.0 9w4d 8w6d 10w2d 68.0 12w6d 12w1d 13w4d 30.0 9w5d 9w0d 10w3d 69.0 13w0d 12w2d 13w5d 31.0 9w6d 9w1d 10w4d 70.0 13w0d 12w2d 13w5d 32.0 9w6d 9w1d 10w4d 71.0 13w1d 12w3d 13w6d 33.0 10w0d 9w2d 10w5d 72.0 13w1d 12w3d 13w6d 34.0 10w1d 9w3d 10w6d 73.0 13w2d 12w4d 14w0d 35.0 10w1d 9w3d 10w6d 74.0 13w2d 12w4d 14w0d 36.0 10w2d 9w4d 11w0d 75.0 13w2d 12w4d 14w0d 37.0 10w3d 9w5d 11w1d 76.0 13w3d 12w5d 14w1d 38.0 10w3d 9w5d 11w1d 77.0 13w3d 12w5d 14w1d 39.0 10w4d 9w6d 11w2d 78.0 13w4d 12w6d 14w2d 40.0 10w5d 10w0d 11w3d 79.0 13w4d 12w6d 14w2d 41.0 10w5d 10w0d 11w3d 80.0 13w5d 13w0d 14w3d 42.0 10w6d 10w1d 11w4d 81.0 13w5d 13w0d 14w3d 43.0 11w0d 10w2d 11w5d 82.0 13w6d 13w1d 14w4d 44.0 11w0d 10w2d 11w5d 82.4 13w6d 13w1d 14w4d 10-37

[Page 225] (6) FL (a) FL ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA=0.41*FL-0.002884*FL^2+0.00003924*FL^3+8.284 Input : FL (mm) Input min : 6.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 82.0 (mm) FL GA (w d) 6.0 10w5d 7.0 11w0d 9.7 12w0d 12.5 13w0d 15.3 14w0d 18.0 15w0d 21.0 16w0d 24.0 17w0d 27.0 18w0d 30.0 19w0d 32.7 20w0d 35.7 21w0d 38.3 22w0d 41.0 23w0d 43.7 24w0d 46.3 25w0d 49.0 26w0d 51.3 27w0d 53.7 28w0d 55.8 29w0d 58.0 30w0d 60.0 31w0d 62.0 32w0d 64.0 33w0d 66.0 34w0d 67.8 35w0d 69.5 36w0d 71.2 37w0d 72.8 38w0d 74.4 39w0d 76.0 40w0d 77.5 41w0d 79.0 42w0d 80.4 43w0d 81.8 44w0d 82.0 44w1d 10-38

[Page 226] (b) FL BMUS BMUS: Charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice. February 2007 10.0 13w0d 12w1d 13w6d 39.0 22w4d 20w5d 24w3d 11.0 13w2d 12w3d 14w1d 40.0 22w6d 21w1d 24w6d 12.0 13w4d 12w5d 14w4d 41.0 23w2d 21w3d 25w2d 13.0 13w6d 13w0d 14w6d 42.0 23w5d 21w6d 25w5d 14.0 14w1d 13w1d 15w1d 43.0 24w1d 22w1d 26w1d 15.0 14w3d 13w3d 15w3d 44.0 24w3d 22w4d 26w4d 16.0 14w5d 13w5d 15w6d 45.0 24w6d 22w6d 27w1d 17.0 15w0d 14w0d 16w1d 46.0 25w2d 23w2d 27w4d 18.0 15w2d 14w2d 16w3d 47.0 25w5d 23w4d 28w0d 19.0 15w5d 14w4d 16w6d 48.0 26w1d 24w0d 28w3d 20.0 16w0d 14w6d 17w1d 49.0 26w4d 24w3d 29w0d 21.0 16w2d 15w1d 17w3d 50.0 27w0d 24w5d 29w3d 22.0 16w4d 15w3d 17w6d 51.0 27w3d 25w1d 30w0d 23.0 16w6d 15w5d 18w1d 52.0 27w6d 25w4d 30w3d 24.0 17w2d 16w0d 18w4d 53.0 28w2d 26w0d 31w0d 25.0 17w4d 16w2d 18w6d 54.0 28w5d 26w2d 31w3d 26.0 17w6d 16w4d 19w2d 55.0 29w2d 26w5d 32w0d 27.0 18w2d 16w6d 19w5d 56.0 29w5d 27w1d 32w3d 28.0 18w4d 17w1d 20w0d 57.0 30w1d 27w4d 33w0d 29.0 18w6d 17w4d 20w3d 58.0 30w4d 28w0d 33w4d 30.0 19w2d 17w6d 20w5d 59.0 31w1d 28w3d 34w1d 31.0 19w4d 18w1d 21w1d 60.0 31w4d 28w6d 34w4d 32.0 20w0d 18w3d 21w4d 61.0 32w1d 29w2d 35w1d 33.0 20w2d 18w5d 22w0d 62.0 32w4d 29w5d 35w5d 34.0 20w5d 19w1d 22w2d 63.0 33w1d 30w1d 36w2d 35.0 21w0d 19w3d 22w5d 64.0 33w4d 30w4d 36w6d 36.0 21w3d 19w5d 23w1d 65.0 34w1d 31w0d 37w3d 37.0 21w5d 20w1d 23w4d 66.0 34w4d 31w3d 38w0d 38.0 22w1d 20w3d 24w0d 67.0 35w1d 32w0d 38w5d 10-39

[Page 227] (c) FL Chitty 10.0 13w0d 12w1d 13w6d 39.0 22w4d 20w5d 24w3d 11.0 13w2d 12w3d 14w1d 40.0 22w6d 21w1d 24w6d 12.0 13w4d 12w5d 14w4d 41.0 23w2d 21w3d 25w2d 13.0 13w6d 13w0d 14w6d 42.0 23w5d 21w6d 25w5d 14.0 14w1d 13w1d 15w1d 43.0 24w1d 22w1d 26w1d 15.0 14w3d 13w3d 15w3d 44.0 24w3d 22w4d 26w4d 16.0 14w5d 13w5d 15w6d 45.0 24w6d 22w6d 27w1d 17.0 15w0d 14w0d 16w1d 46.0 25w2d 23w2d 27w4d 18.0 15w2d 14w2d 16w3d 47.0 25w5d 23w4d 28w0d 19.0 15w5d 14w4d 16w6d 48.0 26w1d 24w0d 28w3d 20.0 16w0d 14w6d 17w1d 49.0 26w4d 24w3d 29w0d 21.0 16w2d 15w1d 17w3d 50.0 27w0d 24w5d 29w3d 22.0 16w4d 15w3d 17w6d 51.0 27w3d 25w1d 30w0d 23.0 16w6d 15w5d 18w1d 52.0 27w6d 25w4d 30w3d 24.0 17w2d 16w0d 18w4d 53.0 28w2d 26w0d 31w0d 25.0 17w4d 16w2d 18w6d 54.0 28w5d 26w2d 31w3d 26.0 17w6d 16w4d 19w2d 55.0 29w2d 26w5d 32w0d 27.0 18w2d 16w6d 19w5d 56.0 29w5d 27w1d 32w3d 28.0 18w4d 17w1d 20w0d 57.0 30w1d 27w4d 33w0d 29.0 18w6d 17w4d 20w3d 58.0 30w4d 28w0d 33w4d 30.0 19w2d 17w6d 20w5d 59.0 31w1d 28w3d 34w1d 31.0 19w4d 18w1d 21w1d 60.0 31w4d 28w6d 34w4d 32.0 20w0d 18w3d 21w4d 61.0 32w1d 29w2d 35w1d 33.0 20w2d 18w5d 22w0d 62.0 32w4d 29w5d 35w5d 34.0 20w5d 19w1d 22w2d 63.0 33w1d 30w1d 36w2d 35.0 21w0d 19w3d 22w5d 64.0 33w4d 30w4d 36w6d 36.0 21w3d 19w5d 23w1d 65.0 34w1d 31w0d 37w3d 37.0 21w5d 20w1d 23w4d 66.0 34w4d 31w3d 38w0d 38.0 22w1d 20w3d 24w0d 67.0 35w1d 32w0d 38w5d 10-40

[Page 228] (d) FL Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. GA=10.35+2.460*FL+0.170*FL^2 Input : FL (cm) Input min : 0.64 (cm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 8.20 (cm) FL GA (w d) FL GA (w d) Standard Deviation: (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD GA (weeks) ±2SD 6.4 12w0d 10w4d 13w3d 45.0 24w6d 22w5d 27w0d Low High (weeks) 7.0 12w1d 10w5d 13w4d 46.0 25w2d 23w1d 27w2d 12 18 1.38 8.0 12w3d 11w0d 13w6d 47.0 25w5d 23w4d 27w5d 18 24 1.8 9.0 12w5d 11w2d 14w1d 48.0 26w1d 24w0d 28w1d 24 30 2.08 10.0 13w0d 11w4d 14w3d 49.0 26w3d 24w3d 28w4d 30 36 2.96 11.0 13w2d 11w6d 14w4d 50.0 26w6d 24w6d 29w0d 36 42 3.12 12.0 13w4d 12w1d 14w6d 51.0 27w2d 25w2d 29w3d 13.0 13w6d 12w3d 15w2d 52.0 27w5d 25w5d 29w6d 14.0 14w1d 12w5d 15w4d 53.0 28w1d 26w1d 30w2d 15.0 14w3d 13w0d 15w6d 54.0 28w4d 26w4d 30w5d 16.0 14w5d 13w2d 16w1d 55.0 29w0d 27w0d 31w1d 17.0 15w0d 13w5d 16w3d 56.0 29w3d 27w3d 31w4d 18.0 15w2d 14w0d 16w5d 57.0 29w6d 27w6d 32w0d 19.0 15w4d 14w2d 17w0d 58.0 30w2d 27w3d 33w2d 20.0 16w0d 14w4d 17w2d 59.0 30w5d 27w6d 33w5d 21.0 16w2d 14w6d 17w5d 60.0 31w2d 28w2d 34w1d 22.0 16w4d 15w1d 18w0d 61.0 31w5d 28w5d 34w4d 23.0 16w6d 15w4d 18w2d 62.0 32w1d 29w1d 35w1d 24.0 17w2d 15w6d 18w4d 63.0 32w4d 29w4d 35w4d 25.0 17w4d 16w1d 19w0d 64.0 33w0d 30w1d 36w0d 26.0 17w6d 16w4d 19w2d 65.0 33w4d 30w4d 36w3d 27.0 18w2d 16w3d 20w0d 66.0 34w0d 31w0d 37w0d 28.0 18w4d 16w5d 20w3d 67.0 34w3d 31w4d 37w3d 29.0 18w6d 17w1d 20w5d 68.0 35w0d 32w0d 37w6d 30.0 19w2d 17w3d 21w0d 69.0 35w3d 32w3d 38w3d 31.0 19w4d 17w6d 21w3d 70.0 35w6d 33w0d 38w6d 32.0 20w0d 18w1d 21w5d 71.0 36w3d 33w2d 39w4d 33.0 20w2d 18w4d 22w1d 72.0 36w6d 33w5d 40w0d 34.0 20w5d 18w6d 22w3d 73.0 37w3d 34w2d 40w3d 35.0 21w0d 19w2d 22w6d 74.0 37w6d 34w5d 41w0d 36.0 21w3d 19w4d 23w1d 75.0 38w3d 35w2d 41w3d 37.0 21w5d 20w0d 23w4d 76.0 38w6d 35w5d 42w0d 38.0 22w1d 20w2d 24w0d 77.0 39w3d 36w2d 42w3d 39.0 22w4d 20w5d 24w2d 78.0 39w6d 36w5d 43w0d 40.0 22w6d 21w1d 24w5d 79.0 40w3d 37w2d 43w4d 41.0 23w2d 21w3d 25w1d 80.0 40w6d 37w6d 44w0d 42.0 23w5d 21w6d 25w3d 81.0 41w3d 38w2d 44w4d 43.0 24w0d 22w0d 26w1d 82.0 42w0d 38w6d 45w1d 44.0 24w3d 22w3d 26w4d 10-41

[Page 229] (e) FL Hohler CHARLES W. HOHLER, M.D. Fetal femur length: Equations for computer calculation of gestational age from ultrasound measurements., American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology June 15, 1982; 143 (No. 4): P497-481 GA=9.18+0.267*FL+0.0016*FL^2 Input : FL (cm) Input min : 1.0 (cm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 8.0 (cm) (mm) Mean (mm) Mean 10.0 12w0d 46.0 24w6d 11.0 12w2d 47.0 25w2d 12.0 12w4d 48.0 25w5d 13.0 12w6d 49.0 26w1d 14.0 13w2d 50.0 26w4d 15.0 13w4d 51.0 27w0d 16.0 13w6d 52.0 27w3d 17.0 14w1d 53.0 27w6d 18.0 14w4d 54.0 28w2d 19.0 14w6d 55.0 28w5d 20.0 15w1d 56.0 29w1d 21.0 15w3d 57.0 29w4d 22.0 15w6d 58.0 30w0d 23.0 16w1d 59.0 30w4d 24.0 16w4d 60.0 31w0d 25.0 16w6d 61.0 31w3d 26.0 17w1d 62.0 31w6d 27.0 17w4d 63.0 32w2d 28.0 17w6d 64.0 32w6d 29.0 18w2d 65.0 33w2d 30.0 18w4d 66.0 33w5d 31.0 19w0d 67.0 34w2d 32.0 19w3d 68.0 34w5d 33.0 19w5d 69.0 35w2d 34.0 20w1d 70.0 35w5d 35.0 20w3d 71.0 36w1d 36.0 20w6d 72.0 36w5d 37.0 21w2d 73.0 37w1d 38.0 21w4d 74.0 37w5d 39.0 22w0d 75.0 38w1d 40.0 22w3d 76.0 38w5d 41.0 22w6d 77.0 39w2d 42.0 23w2d 78.0 39w5d 43.0 23w4d 79.0 40w2d 44.0 24w0d 80.0 40w5d 45.0 24w3d 10-42

[Page 230] (f) FL Jeanty Jeanty P, Rodesch F, Delbeke D, Dumont JE: "Estimation of gestational age GA=9.5411757+0.29774510*FL+0.0010388013*FL^2 1SD=1.3563 Input : FL (mm) Input min : 10.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 80.0 (mm) 10 12w4d 10w3d 14w6d 46 25w3d 23w1d 27w5d 11 13w0d 10w5d 15w1d 47 25w6d 23w4d 28w1d 12 13w2d 11w0d 15w4d 48 26w2d 24w0d 28w3d 13 13w4d 11w2d 15w6d 49 26w4d 24w3d 28w6d 14 13w6d 11w5d 16w1d 50 27w0d 24w5d 29w2d 15 14w2d 12w0d 16w3d 51 27w3d 25w1d 29w5d 16 14w4d 12w2d 16w6d 52 27w6d 25w4d 30w1d 17 14w6d 12w5d 17w1d 53 28w2d 26w0d 30w3d 18 15w2d 13w0d 17w3d 54 28w5d 26w3d 30w6d 19 15w4d 13w2d 17w6d 55 29w0d 26w6d 31w2d 20 15w6d 13w5d 18w1d 56 29w3d 27w2d 31w5d 21 16w2d 14w0d 18w4d 57 29w6d 27w4d 32w1d 22 16w4d 14w2d 18w6d 58 30w2d 28w0d 32w4d 23 17w0d 14w5d 19w1d 59 30w5d 28w3d 33w0d 24 17w2d 15w0d 19w4d 60 31w1d 28w6d 33w3d 25 17w4d 15w3d 19w6d 61 31w4d 29w2d 33w6d 26 18w0d 15w5d 20w2d 62 32w0d 29w5d 34w2d 27 18w2d 16w1d 20w4d 63 32w3d 30w1d 34w5d 28 18w5d 16w3d 21w0d 64 32w6d 30w4d 35w1d 29 19w0d 16w6d 21w2d 65 33w2d 31w0d 35w4d 30 19w3d 17w1d 21w5d 66 33w5d 31w3d 36w0d 31 19w5d 17w4d 22w0d 67 34w1d 31w6d 36w3d 32 20w1d 17w6d 22w3d 68 34w4d 32w2d 36w6d 33 20w3d 18w2d 22w5d 69 35w0d 32w5d 37w2d 34 20w6d 18w4d 23w1d 70 35w3d 33w2d 37w5d 35 21w2d 19w0d 23w3d 71 35w6d 33w5d 38w1d 36 21w4d 19w2d 23w6d 72 36w3d 34w1d 38w4d 37 22w0d 19w5d 24w2d 73 36w6d 34w4d 39w0d 38 22w2d 20w1d 24w4d 74 37w2d 35w0d 39w4d 39 22w5d 20w3d 25w0d 75 37w5d 35w3d 40w0d 40 23w1d 20w6d 25w3d 76 38w1d 35w6d 40w3d 41 23w3d 21w2d 25w5d 77 38w4d 36w3d 40w6d 42 23w6d 21w4d 26w1d 78 39w1d 36w6d 41w2d 43 24w2d 22w0d 26w4d 79 39w4d 37w2d 41w6d 44 24w5d 22w3d 26w6d 80 40w0d 37w5d 42w2d 45 25w0d 22w6d 27w2d 10-43

[Page 231] (g) FL JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 GA=79.1+1.27*FL+2.20*10^-2*FL^2 1SD=3.48+1.37*10^-1*FL Input : FL (mm) Input min : 20.0 (mm) Output : GA (days) Input max : 70.0 (mm) (mm) Mean -1SD +1SD (mm) Mean -1SD +1SD 20 16w1d 15w2d 17w0d 46 26w2d 24w6d 27w5d 21 16w3d 15w4d 17w2d 47 26w5d 25w2d 28w1d 22 16w6d 16w0d 17w5d 48 27w2d 25w6d 28w5d 23 17w1d 16w1d 18w1d 49 27w5d 26w2d 29w1d 24 17w3d 16w3d 18w3d 50 28w2d 26w6d 29w5d 25 17w6d 16w6d 18w6d 51 28w5d 27w2d 30w1d 26 18w1d 17w1d 19w1d 52 29w2d 27w5d 30w6d 27 18w3d 17w3d 19w3d 53 29w5d 28w1d 31w2d 28 18w6d 17w6d 19w6d 54 30w2d 28w5d 31w6d 29 19w1d 18w1d 20w1d 55 30w6d 29w2d 32w3d 30 19w4d 18w3d 20w5d 56 31w2d 29w5d 32w6d 31 20w0d 18w6d 21w1d 57 31w6d 30w2d 33w3d 32 20w2d 19w1d 21w3d 58 32w3d 30w6d 34w0d 33 20w5d 19w4d 21w6d 59 33w0d 31w2d 34w5d 34 21w1d 20w0d 22w2d 60 33w4d 31w6d 35w2d 35 21w4d 20w3d 22w5d 61 34w0d 32w2d 35w5d 36 21w6d 20w5d 23w0d 62 34w4d 32w6d 36w2d 37 22w2d 21w0d 23w4d 63 35w1d 33w3d 36w6d 38 22w5d 21w3d 24w0d 64 35w5d 34w0d 37w3d 39 23w1d 21w6d 24w3d 65 36w3d 34w5d 38w1d 40 23w4d 22w2d 24w6d 66 37w0d 35w1d 38w6d 41 24w0d 22w5d 25w2d 67 37w4d 35w5d 39w3d 42 24w3d 23w1d 25w5d 68 38w1d 36w2d 40w0d 43 24w6d 23w4d 26w1d 69 38w5d 36w6d 40w4d 44 25w3d 24w0d 26w6d 70 39w3d 37w4d 41w2d 45 25w6d 24w3d 27w2d 10-44

[Page 232] (h) FL Merz Merz E: "Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics" Stuttgart, New York, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 1991; 312, 326-336 10 12w2d 11w1d 13w4d 46 25w3d 23w4d 27w1d 11 12w5d 11w4d 13w6d 47 25w6d 24w0d 27w4d 12 13w0d 11w6d 14w1d 48 26w1d 24w3d 28w0d 13 13w2d 12w1d 14w4d 49 26w4d 24w5d 28w2d 14 13w5d 12w3d 15w0d 50 26w6d 25w1d 28w5d 15 14w0d 12w5d 15w2d 51 27w2d 25w4d 29w1d 16 14w3d 13w1d 15w5d 52 27w5d 25w6d 29w4d 17 14w5d 13w3d 16w0d 53 28w1d 26w1d 30w0d 18 15w1d 13w6d 16w3d 54 28w4d 26w4d 30w4d 19 15w3d 14w1d 16w5d 55 29w0d 27w0d 31w0d 20 15w6d 14w4d 17w1d 56 29w3d 27w3d 31w3d 21 16w1d 14w6d 17w3d 57 29w6d 27w6d 31w6d 22 16w4d 15w1d 17w6d 58 30w1d 28w1d 32w1d 23 16w6d 15w3d 18w1d 59 30w4d 28w4d 32w4d 24 17w1d 15w6d 18w4d 60 31w0d 29w0d 33w0d 25 17w4d 16w1d 19w1d 61 31w4d 29w4d 33w4d 26 17w6d 16w3d 19w3d 62 31w6d 29w6d 33w6d 27 18w2d 16w6d 19w6d 63 32w2d 30w2d 34w2d 28 18w4d 17w1d 20w1d 64 32w6d 30w6d 34w6d 29 19w0d 17w4d 20w4d 65 33w1d 31w1d 35w1d 30 19w3d 17w6d 20w6d 66 33w4d 31w4d 35w4d 31 19w5d 18w1d 21w1d 67 34w1d 32w0d 36w1d 32 20w1d 18w4d 21w4d 68 34w4d 32w3d 36w4d 33 20w4d 18w6d 22w1d 69 35w0d 32w6d 37w1d 34 20w6d 19w1d 22w3d 70 35w3d 33w2d 37w4d 35 21w1d 19w4d 22w6d 71 35w6d 33w6d 38w0d 36 21w4d 20w0d 23w1d 72 36w2d 34w1d 38w3d 37 21w6d 20w2d 23w4d 73 36w6d 34w4d 39w0d 38 22w2d 20w5d 23w6d 74 37w2d 35w1d 39w4d 39 22w5d 21w0d 24w3d 75 37w5d 35w4d 39w6d 40 23w1d 21w3d 24w6d 76 38w1d 36w0d 40w3d 41 23w3d 21w5d 25w1d 77 38w5d 36w4d 40w6d 42 23w6d 22w1d 25w4d 78 39w1d 37w0d 41w3d 43 24w1d 22w4d 25w6d 79 39w4d 37w3d 41w6d 44 24w4d 22w6d 26w3d 80 40w1d 37w6d 42w2d 45 25w0d 23w1d 26w6d 10-45

[Page 233] (i) FL Warda Warda, A.H., Deter, R.L., Rossavik, I.K., Carpenter, R.J., Hadlock, F.P., "Fetal Femur Length: A Critical Re-evaluation of Relationship to Menstrual Age" Obstetrics & Gynecology, July 1985, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 69-75 GA=e^(2.35301+0.231815*FL-0.007804*FL^2) -2SD=e ^(2.35301+0.231815*FL-0.007804*FL^2-0.103) +2SD=e ^(2.35301+0.231815*FL-0.007804*FL^2+0.103) Input : FL (mm) Input min : 10.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 80.0 (mm) (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD 10.0 13w1d 11w6d 14w4d 46.0 25w6d 23w3d 28w5d 12.0 13w5d 12w3d 15w2d 48.0 26w5d 24w1d 29w4d 14.0 14w2d 12w6d 15w6d 50.0 27w4d 24w6d 30w4d 16.0 15w0d 13w3d 16w4d 52.0 28w3d 25w5d 31w4d 18.0 15w4d 14w0d 17w2d 54.0 29w2d 26w3d 32w3d 20.0 16w1d 14w4d 18w0d 56.0 30w1d 27w1d 33w3d 22.0 16w6d 15w1d 18w5d 58.0 31w0d 28w0d 34w3d 24.0 17w4d 15w6d 19w3d 60.0 31w6d 28w6d 35w3d 26.0 18w2d 16w3d 20w1d 62.0 32w6d 29w4d 36w2d 28.0 19w0d 17w1d 21w0d 64.0 33w5d 30w3d 37w2d 30.0 19w5d 17w5d 21w5d 66.0 34w4d 31w1d 38w2d 32.0 20w3d 18w3d 22w4d 68.0 35w3d 32w0d 39w2d 34.0 21w1d 19w0d 23w3d 70.0 36w2d 32w6d 40w2d 36.0 21w6d 19w5d 24w2d 72.0 37w2d 33w4d 41w2d 38.0 22w5d 20w3d 25w1d 74.0 38w1d 34w3d 42w2d 40.0 23w3d 21w1d 26w0d 76.0 39w0d 35w1d 43w2d 42.0 24w2d 21w6d 26w6d 78.0 39w6d 36w0d 44w2d 44.0 25w1d 22w4d 27w6d 80.0 40w5d 36w5d 45w1d 10-46

[Page 234] (7) Foot (a) Foot Mercer Mercer, Sklar, et al: "Fetal foot length as a predictor of gestational age" Am J Obstet Gynecol 156: 350-355, 1987. GA=0.0007745*Foot^2+0.3004*Foot+9.397 ±2SD=Mean±(MeanGA*0.0797+0.07) Input : Foot (mm) Input min : 10.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 86.0 (mm) Foot GA (w d) Foot GA (w d) (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD 10.0 12w3d 11w3d 13w4d 50.0 26w2d 24w1d 28w4d 12.0 13w1d 12w0d 14w2d 52.0 27w1d 24w6d 29w2d 14.0 13w5d 12w4d 14w6d 54.0 27w6d 25w4d 30w1d 16.0 14w3d 13w1d 15w4d 56.0 28w5d 26w2d 31w0d 18.0 15w0d 13w5d 16w2d 58.0 29w3d 27w0d 31w6d 20.0 15w5d 14w3d 17w0d 60.0 30w1d 27w5d 32w5d 22.0 16w3d 15w0d 17w5d 62.0 31w0d 28w3d 33w4d 24.0 17w0d 15w4d 18w3d 64.0 31w6d 29w1d 34w3d 26.0 17w5d 16w2d 19w1d 66.0 32w4d 30w0d 35w2d 28.0 18w3d 16w6d 20w0d 68.0 33w3d 30w5d 36w1d 30.0 19w1d 17w4d 20w5d 70.0 34w2d 31w3d 37w0d 32.0 19w6d 18w1d 21w3d 72.0 35w0d 32w1d 37w6d 34.0 20w4d 18w6d 22w1d 74.0 35w6d 33w0d 38w6d 36.0 21w2d 19w3d 23w0d 76.0 36w5d 33w5d 39w5d 38.0 22w0d 20w1d 23w5d 78.0 37w4d 34w3d 40w4d 40.0 22w5d 20w5d 24w4d 80.0 38w3d 35w2d 41w4d 42.0 23w3d 21w3d 25w2d 82.0 39w2d 36w0d 42w3d 44.0 24w1d 22w1d 26w1d 84.0 40w1d 36w6d 43w3d 46.0 24w6d 22w6d 26w6d 86.0 41w0d 37w4d 44w2d 48.0 25w4d 23w3d 27w5d 10-47

[Page 235] (8) GS (a) GS Daya Daya S, Woods S, Ward S, et al: Early pregnancy assessment with transvaginal ultrasound scanning. Can Med Assoc J 1991; 144 (4): 441-446 MSD GA (w d) (mm) Mean 2.5%tile 97.5%tile 2 4w6d 4w4d 5w3d 3 5w0d 4w5d 5w4d 4 5w1d 4w5d 5w5d 5 5w2d 4w6d 5w6d 6 5w3d 5w0d 6w0d 7 5w4d 5w1d 6w1d 8 5w5d 5w2d 6w2d 9 5w6d 5w3d 6w2d 10 6w0d 5w4d 6w3d 11 6w1d 5w5d 6w4d 12 6w1d 5w5d 6w5d 13 6w2d 5w6d 6w6d 14 6w3d 6w0d 7w0d 15 6w4d 6w1d 7w1d 16 6w5d 6w2d 7w2d 17 6w6d 6w3d 7w2d 18 7w0d 6w4d 7w3d 19 7w1d 6w5d 7w4d 20 7w1d 6w6d 7w5d 21 7w2d 6w6d 7w6d 22 7w3d 7w0d 8w0d 23 7w4d 7w1d 8w1d 24 7w5d 7w2d 8w2d 25 7w6d 7w3d 8w3d 26 7w6d 7w4d 8w3d 27 8w0d 7w5d 8w4d 28 8w1d 7w6d 8w5d 29 8w2d 7w6d 8w6d 30 8w3d 8w0d 9w0d 10-48

[Page 236] (b) GS Hellman Hellman, LM, Kobayashi M, Fillisti L, Lavenhar M: "Growth and development of the human fetus prior to the twentieth week of gestation" Am J Obset Gynecol 103: 789-800, 1969 GA=(GS+2.543)/0.702 Input : GS (cm) Input min : 0.20 (cm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 5.20 (cm) GS GA (w d) 2 3w6d 4 4w1d 6 4w3d 8 4w5d 10 5w0d 12 5w2d 14 5w4d 16 5w6d 18 6w1d 20 6w3d 22 6w5d 24 7w0d 26 7w2d 28 7w4d 30 7w6d 32 8w1d 34 8w3d 36 8w5d 38 9w0d 40 9w2d 42 9w4d 44 9w6d 46 10w1d 48 10w3d 50 10w5d 52 11w0d 10-49

[Page 237] (c) GS Rempen Rempen, A. Chaoui, R. Kozlowski, P. Häusler, M. Terinde, R. Wisse; Standards zur Ultraschalluntersuchung in der Frühschwangerschaft; Ultraschall in Med. 22 (2001) M1-M5 GS GA (w d) GS GA (w d) 2 4w6d 3w2d 6w3d 38 9w1d 7w4d 10w5d 3 5w0d 3w3d 6w4d 39 9w2d 7w5d 10w6d 4 5w1d 3w4d 6w5d 40 9w3d 7w6d 11w0d 5 5w2d 3w5d 6w6d 41 9w4d 8w0d 11w1d 6 5w2d 3w5d 6w6d 42 9w5d 8w1d 11w2d 7 5w3d 3w6d 7w0d 43 9w6d 8w2d 11w3d 8 5w4d 4w0d 7w1d 44 9w6d 8w2d 11w3d 9 5w5d 4w1d 7w2d 45 10w0d 8w3d 11w4d 10 5w5d 4w1d 7w2d 46 10w1d 8w4d 11w5d 11 5w6d 4w2d 7w3d 47 10w2d 8w5d 11w6d 12 6w0d 4w3d 7w4d 48 10w3d 8w6d 12w0d 13 6w1d 4w4d 7w5d 49 10w4d 9w0d 12w1d 14 6w2d 4w5d 7w6d 50 10w5d 9w1d 12w2d 15 6w2d 4w5d 7w6d 51 10w6d 9w2d 12w3d 16 6w3d 4w6d 8w0d 52 11w0d 9w3d 12w4d 17 6w4d 5w0d 8w1d 53 11w1d 9w4d 12w5d 18 6w5d 5w1d 8w2d 54 11w2d 9w5d 12w6d 19 6w6d 5w2d 8w3d 55 11w3d 9w6d 13w0d 20 6w6d 5w2d 8w3d 56 11w4d 10w0d 13w1d 21 7w0d 5w3d 8w4d 57 11w5d 10w1d 13w2d 22 7w1d 5w4d 8w5d 58 11w6d 10w2d 13w3d 23 7w2d 5w5d 8w6d 59 12w0d 10w3d 13w4d 24 7w3d 5w6d 9w0d 60 12w1d 10w4d 13w5d 25 7w4d 6w0d 9w1d 61 12w2d 10w5d 13w6d 26 7w4d 6w0d 9w1d 62 12w3d 10w6d 14w0d 27 7w5d 6w1d 9w2d 63 12w4d 11w0d 14w1d 28 7w6d 6w2d 9w3d 64 12w5d 11w1d 14w2d 29 8w0d 6w3d 9w4d 65 12w6d 11w2d 14w3d 30 8w1d 6w4d 9w5d 66 13w0d 11w3d 14w4d 31 8w2d 6w5d 9w6d 67 13w1d 11w4d 14w5d 32 8w3d 6w6d 10w0d 68 13w2d 11w5d 14w6d 33 8w3d 6w6d 10w0d 69 13w3d 11w6d 15w0d 34 8w4d 7w0d 10w1d 70 13w4d 12w0d 15w1d 35 8w5d 7w1d 10w2d 71 13w5d 12w1d 15w2d 36 8w6d 7w2d 10w3d 72 14w0d 12w3d 15w4d 37 9w0d 7w3d 10w4d 73 14w1d 12w4d 15w5d 10-50

[Page 238] (d) GS Tokyo Takashi Okai Special Edition: Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Perinatal Stages How to calculate gestational ages Perinatal Medicine Vol. 12 No. 1 1982-1 GS GA (w d) 10.7 4w0d 4w2d 4w4d 14.0 5w0d 3w6d 6w1d 22.4 6w0d 5w0d 7w0d 28.2 7w0d 5w2d 8w4d 34.1 8w0d 7w0d 9w0d 42.6 9w0d 5w2d 12w4d 44.8 10w0d 7w1d 12w5d 55.4 11w0d 10w0d 12w0d 85.1 12w0d 11w1d 12w6d 10-51

[Page 239] (9) HA (a) HA Chitty HA GA (w d) HA GA (w d) 2 2 (cm ) Mean 5%tile 95%tile (cm ) Mean 5%tile 95%tile 4.41 12w1d 11w2d 13w1d 31.36 22w2d 21w1d 23w4d 4.84 12w3d 11w4d 13w3d 32.49 22w4d 21w3d 23w6d 5.29 12w5d 11w6d 13w5d 33.64 22w6d 21w5d 24w1d 5.76 13w0d 12w1d 14w0d 34.81 23w2d 22w0d 24w4d 6.25 13w2d 12w3d 14w2d 36.00 23w4d 22w2d 24w6d 6.76 13w4d 12w5d 14w4d 37.21 23w6d 22w4d 25w1d 7.29 13w6d 13w0d 14w6d 38.44 24w1d 22w6d 25w4d 7.84 14w1d 13w2d 15w1d 39.69 24w3d 23w1d 25w6d 8.41 14w3d 13w4d 15w3d 40.96 24w5d 23w3d 26w2d 9.00 14w5d 13w6d 15w5d 42.25 25w1d 23w5d 26w4d 9.61 15w0d 14w1d 16w0d 43.56 25w3d 24w0d 27w0d 10.24 15w2d 14w3d 16w2d 44.89 25w5d 24w2d 27w2d 10.89 15w4d 14w5d 16w4d 46.24 26w0d 24w4d 27w5d 11.56 15w6d 15w0d 16w6d 47.61 26w3d 24w6d 28w1d 12.25 16w2d 15w2d 17w1d 49.00 26w5d 25w1d 28w3d 12.96 16w4d 15w4d 17w4d 50.41 27w1d 25w3d 28w6d 13.69 16w6d 15w6d 17w6d 51.84 27w3d 25w5d 29w2d 14.44 17w1d 16w1d 18w1d 53.29 27w6d 26w0d 29w5d 15.21 17w3d 16w3d 18w3d 54.76 28w1d 26w2d 30w1d 16.00 17w5d 16w5d 18w5d 56.25 28w4d 26w5d 30w4d 16.81 18w0d 17w0d 19w0d 57.76 29w0d 27w0d 31w0d 17.64 18w2d 17w2d 19w2d 59.29 29w2d 27w2d 31w3d 18.49 18w4d 17w4d 19w4d 60.84 29w5d 27w4d 32w0d 19.36 18w6d 17w6d 19w6d 62.41 30w1d 28w0d 32w3d 20.25 19w1d 18w1d 20w1d 64.00 30w4d 28w2d 33w0d 21.16 19w3d 18w3d 20w3d 65.61 31w0d 28w5d 33w3d 22.09 19w5d 18w5d 20w5d 67.24 31w3d 29w0d 34w0d 23.04 20w0d 19w0d 21w0d 68.89 31w6d 29w3d 34w4d 24.01 20w2d 19w2d 21w3d 70.56 32w2d 29w6d 35w1d 25.00 20w4d 19w4d 21w5d 72.25 32w6d 30w1d 35w5d 26.01 20w6d 19w6d 22w0d 73.96 33w2d 30w4d 36w2d 27.04 21w1d 20w1d 22w2d 75.69 33w6d 31w0d 37w0d 28.09 21w3d 20w2d 22w4d 77.44 34w3d 31w3d 37w4d 29.16 21w5d 20w4d 22w6d 79.21 34w6d 31w6d 38w2d 30.25 22w0d 20w6d 23w2d 81.00 35w3d 32w2d 39w0d 10-52

[Page 240] (10) HC (a) HC ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA=0.0001797*HC^2+0.02631*HC+9.667 Input : HC (mm) Input min : 44.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 369.0 (mm) HC GA (w d) 44.0 11w1d 61.0 12w0d 81.0 13w0d 98.0 14w0d 113.0 15w0d 128.0 16w0d 141.0 17w0d 154.0 18w0d 166.0 19w0d 177.0 20w0d 188.0 21w0d 199.0 22w0d 209.0 23w0d 218.0 24w0d 228.0 25w0d 237.0 26w0d 246.0 27w0d 254.0 28w0d 263.0 29w0d 271.0 30w0d 279.0 31w0d 287.0 32w0d 294.0 33w0d 302.0 34w0d 309.0 35w0d 317.0 36w0d 324.0 37w0d 331.0 38w0d 337.0 39w0d 344.0 40w0d 351.0 41w0d 357.0 42w0d 364.0 43w0d 369.0 43w6d 10-53

[Page 241] (b) HC BMUS (drvd) BMUS: Charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice. February 2007 80.0 12w4d 11w3d 13w5d 205.0 22w5d 21w3d 24w2d 85.0 12w6d 11w6d 14w1d 210.0 23w1d 21w5d 24w5d 90.0 13w2d 12w2d 14w4d 215.0 23w4d 22w1d 25w1d 95.0 13w5d 12w4d 15w0d 220.0 24w0d 22w4d 25w5d 100.0 14w1d 13w0d 15w3d 225.0 24w3d 22w6d 26w1d 105.0 14w4d 13w3d 15w5d 230.0 24w6d 23w2d 26w5d 110.0 15w0d 13w6d 16w1d 235.0 25w3d 23w5d 27w1d 115.0 15w3d 14w2d 16w4d 240.0 25w6d 24w1d 27w5d 120.0 15w6d 14w5d 17w0d 245.0 26w2d 24w3d 28w2d 125.0 16w2d 15w1d 17w3d 250.0 26w5d 24w6d 28w6d 130.0 16w4d 15w4d 17w6d 255.0 27w2d 25w2d 29w3d 135.0 17w0d 15w6d 18w2d 260.0 27w5d 25w5d 30w0d 140.0 17w3d 16w2d 18w5d 265.0 28w2d 26w1d 30w4d 145.0 17w6d 16w5d 19w1d 270.0 28w6d 26w4d 31w2d 150.0 18w2d 17w1d 19w3d 275.0 29w3d 27w0d 32w0d 155.0 18w5d 17w4d 19w6d 280.0 30w0d 27w3d 32w4d 160.0 19w1d 17w6d 20w2d 285.0 30w4d 27w6d 33w3d 165.0 19w3d 18w2d 20w5d 290.0 31w1d 28w3d 34w1d 170.0 19w6d 18w5d 21w1d 295.0 31w5d 28w6d 35w0d 175.0 20w2d 19w1d 21w4d 300.0 32w3d 29w3d 35w6d 180.0 20w5d 19w3d 22w0d 305.0 33w1d 30w0d 36w5d 185.0 21w1d 19w6d 22w3d 310.0 33w6d 30w3d 37w4d 190.0 21w4d 20w2d 22w6d 315.0 34w4d 31w0d 38w4d 195.0 22w0d 20w4d 23w2d 320.0 35w3d 31w5d 39w4d 200.0 22w2d 21w0d 23w5d 10-54

[Page 242] (c) HC Chitty (drvd) 80.0 12w4d 11w3d 13w5d 205.0 22w5d 21w3d 24w2d 85.0 12w6d 11w6d 14w1d 210.0 23w1d 21w5d 24w5d 90.0 13w2d 12w2d 14w4d 215.0 23w4d 22w1d 25w1d 95.0 13w5d 12w4d 15w0d 220.0 24w0d 22w4d 25w5d 100.0 14w1d 13w0d 15w3d 225.0 24w3d 22w6d 26w1d 105.0 14w4d 13w3d 15w5d 230.0 24w6d 23w2d 26w5d 110.0 15w0d 13w6d 16w1d 235.0 25w3d 23w5d 27w1d 115.0 15w3d 14w2d 16w4d 240.0 25w6d 24w1d 27w5d 120.0 15w6d 14w5d 17w0d 245.0 26w2d 24w3d 28w2d 125.0 16w2d 15w1d 17w3d 250.0 26w5d 24w6d 28w6d 130.0 16w4d 15w4d 17w6d 255.0 27w2d 25w2d 29w3d 135.0 17w0d 15w6d 18w2d 260.0 27w5d 25w5d 30w0d 140.0 17w3d 16w2d 18w5d 265.0 28w2d 26w1d 30w4d 145.0 17w6d 16w5d 19w1d 270.0 28w6d 26w4d 31w2d 150.0 18w2d 17w1d 19w3d 275.0 29w3d 27w0d 32w0d 155.0 18w5d 17w4d 19w6d 280.0 30w0d 27w3d 32w4d 160.0 19w1d 17w6d 20w2d 285.0 30w4d 27w6d 33w3d 165.0 19w3d 18w2d 20w5d 290.0 31w1d 28w3d 34w1d 170.0 19w6d 18w5d 21w1d 295.0 31w5d 28w6d 35w0d 175.0 20w2d 19w1d 21w4d 300.0 32w3d 29w3d 35w6d 180.0 20w5d 19w3d 22w0d 305.0 33w1d 30w0d 36w5d 185.0 21w1d 19w6d 22w3d 310.0 33w6d 30w3d 37w4d 190.0 21w4d 20w2d 22w6d 315.0 34w4d 31w0d 38w4d 195.0 22w0d 20w4d 23w2d 320.0 35w3d 31w5d 39w4d 200.0 22w2d 21w0d 23w5d 10-55

[Page 243] (d) HC Chitty (pltd) 85 12w6d 12w1d 13w4d 210 22w6d 21w2d 24w4d 90 13w2d 12w4d 14w0d 215 23w2d 21w5d 25w0d 95 13w5d 12w6d 14w3d 220 23w5d 22w0d 25w4d 100 14w0d 13w2d 14w6d 225 24w1d 22w3d 26w0d 105 14w3d 13w4d 15w2d 230 24w4d 22w6d 26w3d 110 14w6d 14w0d 15w6d 235 25w0d 23w1d 27w0d 115 15w2d 14w3d 16w2d 240 25w3d 23w4d 27w3d 120 15w5d 14w5d 16w5d 245 25w6d 24w0d 28w0d 125 16w1d 15w1d 17w1d 250 26w3d 24w3d 28w3d 130 16w3d 15w3d 17w4d 255 26w6d 24w6d 29w0d 135 16w6d 15w6d 18w0d 260 27w3d 25w2d 29w4d 140 17w2d 16w1d 18w3d 265 27w6d 25w5d 30w1d 145 17w5d 16w4d 18w6d 270 28w3d 26w2d 30w5d 150 18w1d 17w0d 19w2d 275 29w0d 26w5d 31w2d 155 18w3d 17w2d 19w5d 280 29w4d 27w2d 32w0d 160 18w6d 17w5d 20w1d 285 30w1d 27w5d 32w4d 165 19w2d 18w0d 20w4d 290 30w5d 28w2d 33w2d 170 19w5d 18w3d 21w0d 295 31w2d 28w6d 34w0d 175 20w0d 18w5d 21w3d 300 32w0d 29w3d 34w5d 180 20w3d 19w1d 21w6d 305 32w5d 30w0d 35w3d 185 20w6d 19w3d 22w2d 310 33w3d 30w5d 36w2d 190 21w2d 19w6d 22w6d 315 34w1d 31w2d 37w1d 195 21w5d 20w1d 23w2d 320 34w6d 32w0d 38w0d 200 22w0d 20w4d 23w5d 325 35w5d 32w5d 38w6d 205 22w3d 20w6d 24w1d 10-56

[Page 244] (e) HC Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. GA=8.96+0.540*HC+0.0003*HC^3 Input : HC (cm) Input min : 5.54 (cm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 35.77 (cm) HC GA (w d) HC GA (w d) 2SD (Standard Deviation): (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD (mm) Mean -2SD +2SD GA (weeks) ±2SD 55.4 12w0d 10w6d 13w1d 210 23w1d 21w4d 24w4d Low High (weeks) 60 12w2d 11w1d 13w3d 215 23w4d 22w1d 25w0d 12 18 1.19 65 12w4d 11w3d 13w5d 220 24w0d 22w0d 26w1d 18 24 1.48 70 12w6d 11w5d 14w0d 225 24w4d 22w3d 26w4d 24 30 2.06 75 13w1d 12w0d 14w2d 230 25w0d 23w0d 27w1d 30 36 2.98 80 13w3d 12w2d 14w4d 235 25w4d 23w3d 27w4d 36 42 2.7 85 13w5d 12w4d 14w6d 240 26w0d 24w0d 28w1d 90 14w0d 12w6d 15w2d 245 26w4d 24w4d 28w5d 95 14w2d 13w1d 15w4d 250 27w1d 25w1d 29w1d 100 14w5d 13w3d 15w6d 255 27w5d 25w5d 29w5d 105 15w0d 13w6d 16w1d 260 28w2d 26w1d 30w2d 110 15w2d 14w1d 16w3d 265 28w6d 26w6d 30w6d 115 15w4d 14w3d 16w6d 270 29w3d 27w3d 31w4d 120 16w0d 14w5d 17w1d 275 30w0d 27w0d 33w0d 125 16w2d 15w1d 17w3d 280 30w5d 27w5d 33w5d 130 16w4d 15w3d 17w6d 285 31w2d 28w2d 34w2d 135 17w0d 15w6d 18w1d 290 32w0d 29w0d 34w6d 140 17w2d 16w1d 18w4d 295 32w4d 29w4d 35w4d 145 17w5d 16w4d 18w6d 300 33w2d 30w2d 36w2d 150 18w1d 16w4d 19w4d 305 34w0d 31w0d 36w6d 155 18w3d 17w0d 19w6d 310 34w4d 31w5d 37w4d 160 18w6d 17w2d 20w2d 315 35w2d 32w3d 38w2d 165 19w2d 17w5d 20w5d 320 36w0d 33w3d 38w5d 170 19w4d 18w1d 21w1d 325 36w6d 34w1d 39w4d 175 20w0d 18w4d 21w3d 330 37w4d 34w6d 40w2d 180 20w3d 19w0d 21w6d 335 38w2d 35w4d 41w0d 185 20w6d 19w3d 22w2d 340 39w1d 36w3d 41w6d 190 21w2d 19w6d 22w5d 345 39w6d 37w1d 42w4d 195 21w5d 20w2d 23w1d 350 40w5d 38w0d 43w3d 200 22w1d 20w5d 23w4d 355 41w4d 38w6d 44w2d 205 22w4d 21w1d 24w1d 357.7 42w0d 39w2d 44w5d 10-57

[Page 245] (f) HC Jeanty Jeanty P "Fetal Biometry" Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: P93-108 80 12w4d 10w5d 14w2d 224 24w2d 22w4d 26w0d 84 12w5d 11w0d 14w4d 228 24w5d 22w6d 26w3d 88 13w0d 11w2d 14w6d 232 25w0d 23w2d 26w6d 92 13w2d 11w4d 15w0d 236 25w3d 23w5d 27w2d 96 13w4d 11w6d 15w2d 240 25w6d 24w1d 27w4d 100 13w6d 12w1d 15w4d 244 26w2d 24w4d 28w0d 104 14w1d 12w3d 15w6d 248 26w5d 25w0d 28w3d 108 14w3d 12w5d 16w1d 252 27w1d 25w3d 28w6d 112 14w5d 13w0d 16w3d 256 27w4d 25w6d 29w2d 116 15w0d 13w2d 16w5d 260 28w0d 26w1d 29w5d 120 15w2d 13w4d 17w0d 264 28w3d 26w4d 30w1d 124 15w4d 13w6d 17w2d 268 28w6d 27w1d 30w4d 128 15w6d 14w1d 17w5d 272 29w2d 27w4d 31w0d 132 16w1d 14w3d 18w0d 276 29w5d 28w0d 31w3d 136 16w4d 14w5d 18w2d 280 30w1d 28w3d 31w6d 140 16w6d 15w0d 18w4d 284 30w4d 28w6d 32w2d 144 17w1d 15w3d 18w6d 288 31w0d 29w2d 32w6d 148 17w3d 15w5d 19w2d 292 31w4d 29w5d 33w2d 152 17w6d 16w0d 19w4d 296 32w0d 30w1d 33w5d 156 18w1d 16w3d 19w6d 300 32w3d 30w5d 34w1d 160 18w3d 16w5d 20w1d 304 32w6d 31w1d 34w5d 164 18w6d 17w0d 20w4d 308 33w3d 31w4d 35w1d 168 19w1d 17w3d 20w6d 312 33w6d 32w1d 35w4d 172 19w3d 17w5d 21w2d 316 34w2d 32w4d 36w0d 176 19w6d 18w0d 21w4d 320 34w6d 33w0d 36w4d 180 20w1d 18w3d 21w6d 324 35w2d 33w4d 37w0d 184 20w4d 18w5d 22w2d 328 35w5d 34w0d 37w4d 188 20w6d 19w1d 22w4d 332 36w2d 34w4d 38w0d 192 21w2d 19w3d 23w0d 336 36w5d 35w0d 38w4d 196 21w4d 19w6d 23w3d 340 37w2d 35w3d 39w0d 200 22w0d 20w2d 23w5d 344 37w5d 36w0d 39w4d 204 22w2d 20w4d 24w1d 348 38w2d 36w4d 40w0d 208 22w5d 21w0d 24w3d 352 38w5d 37w0d 40w4d 212 23w1d 21w2d 24w6d 356 39w2d 37w4d 41w0d 216 23w3d 21w5d 25w2d 360 39w6d 38w0d 41w4d 220 23w6d 22w1d 25w4d 364 40w2d 38w4d 42w1d 10-58

[Page 246] (g) HC Merz Merz E: "Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics" Stuttgart, New York, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 1991; 312, 326-336 HC GA (w d) HC GA (w d) HC GA (w d) (mm) Mean 5%tile 95%tile (mm) Mean 5%tile 95%tile (mm) Mean 5%tile 95%tile 72 12w1d 11w0d 13w1d 170 19w1d 17w4d 20w4d 268 27w6d 26w0d 29w4d 74 12w2d 11w1d 13w4d 172 19w2d 17w6d 20w6d 270 28w1d 26w1d 30w0d 76 12w3d 11w1d 13w4d 174 19w3d 17w6d 20w6d 272 28w2d 26w3d 30w1d 78 12w4d 11w2d 13w5d 176 19w4d 18w0d 21w1d 274 28w4d 26w4d 30w3d 80 12w5d 11w4d 13w6d 178 19w6d 18w1d 21w3d 276 28w5d 26w6d 30w4d 82 12w6d 11w4d 14w0d 180 19w6d 18w2d 21w4d 278 28w6d 27w0d 30w6d 84 12w6d 11w5d 14w1d 182 20w1d 18w4d 21w5d 280 29w1d 27w1d 31w0d 86 13w1d 11w6d 14w2d 184 20w1d 18w4d 21w6d 282 29w2d 27w3d 31w1d 88 13w1d 12w0d 14w3d 186 20w3d 18w6d 22w0d 284 29w4d 27w5d 31w4d 90 13w2d 12w1d 14w4d 188 20w4d 19w0d 22w1d 286 29w6d 27w6d 31w5d 92 13w4d 12w2d 14w5d 190 20w5d 19w1d 22w2d 288 30w0d 28w1d 31w6d 94 13w4d 12w3d 14w6d 192 20w6d 19w2d 22w4d 290 30w1d 28w2d 32w1d 96 13w5d 12w4d 14w6d 194 21w1d 19w4d 22w5d 292 30w4d 28w4d 32w3d 98 13w6d 12w5d 15w1d 196 21w1d 19w4d 22w6d 294 30w5d 28w6d 32w4d 100 14w0d 12w6d 15w1d 198 21w3d 19w5d 23w0d 296 30w6d 29w0d 32w6d 102 14w1d 12w6d 15w4d 200 21w4d 19w6d 23w2d 298 31w1d 29w1d 33w0d 104 14w2d 13w0d 15w4d 202 21w5d 20w0d 23w3d 300 31w3d 29w3d 33w3d 106 14w3d 13w1d 15w5d 204 21w6d 20w1d 23w4d 302 31w4d 29w4d 33w4d 108 14w4d 13w2d 15w6d 206 22w1d 20w3d 23w6d 304 31w6d 29w6d 33w6d 110 14w5d 13w3d 16w0d 208 22w1d 20w4d 23w6d 306 32w1d 30w1d 34w1d 112 14w6d 13w4d 16w1d 210 22w3d 20w5d 24w1d 308 32w2d 30w2d 34w2d 114 15w0d 13w5d 16w2d 212 22w4d 20w6d 24w2d 310 32w4d 30w4d 34w4d 116 15w1d 13w6d 16w3d 214 22w5d 21w0d 24w3d 312 32w6d 30w6d 34w6d 118 15w2d 14w0d 16w4d 216 22w6d 21w1d 24w4d 314 33w1d 31w1d 35w1d 120 15w3d 14w1d 16w5d 218 23w1d 21w3d 24w6d 316 33w3d 31w3d 35w3d 122 15w4d 14w1d 17w0d 220 23w2d 21w4d 25w0d 318 33w4d 31w4d 35w4d 124 15w5d 14w2d 17w1d 222 23w4d 21w6d 25w1d 320 33w6d 31w6d 36w0d 126 15w6d 14w3d 17w1d 224 23w4d 21w6d 25w2d 322 34w1d 32w0d 36w1d 128 16w0d 14w4d 17w3d 226 23w6d 22w1d 25w4d 324 34w3d 32w2d 36w4d 130 16w1d 14w5d 17w4d 228 24w0d 22w1d 25w6d 326 34w5d 32w4d 36w6d 132 16w2d 14w6d 17w5d 230 24w1d 22w3d 26w0d 328 34w6d 32w6d 37w0d 134 16w3d 15w0d 17w6d 232 24w3d 22w4d 26w1d 330 35w1d 33w1d 37w2d 136 16w4d 15w1d 18w0d 234 24w4d 22w5d 26w2d 332 35w4d 33w2d 37w5d 138 16w5d 15w2d 18w1d 236 24w5d 22w6d 26w4d 334 35w6d 33w4d 38w0d 140 16w6d 15w4d 18w2d 238 24w6d 23w1d 26w5d 336 36w1d 33w6d 38w2d 142 17w0d 15w4d 18w3d 240 25w1d 23w2d 26w6d 338 36w3d 34w1d 38w4d 144 17w1d 15w6d 18w4d 242 25w2d 23w4d 27w1d 340 36w4d 34w3d 38w6d 146 17w2d 15w6d 18w5d 244 25w4d 23w5d 27w2d 342 36w6d 34w5d 39w1d 148 17w4d 16w0d 19w0d 246 25w5d 23w6d 27w4d 344 37w1d 35w0d 39w3d 150 17w4d 16w1d 19w1d 248 25w6d 24w1d 27w5d 346 37w4d 35w2d 39w5d 152 17w6d 16w2d 19w2d 250 26w0d 24w1d 27w6d 348 37w6d 35w4d 40w1d 154 17w6d 16w3d 19w3d 252 26w1d 24w3d 28w0d 350 38w1d 35w6d 40w4d 156 18w1d 16w4d 19w4d 254 26w3d 24w4d 28w1d 352 38w4d 36w1d 40w6d 158 18w1d 16w5d 19w5d 256 26w4d 24w6d 28w3d 354 38w6d 36w4d 41w1d 160 18w3d 16w6d 19w6d 258 26w6d 25w0d 28w4d 356 39w1d 36w6d 41w3d 162 18w4d 17w0d 20w0d 260 27w0d 25w1d 28w6d 358 39w4d 37w1d 41w6d 164 18w5d 17w1d 20w1d 262 27w1d 25w3d 29w0d 360 39w6d 37w4d 42w1d 166 18w6d 17w2d 20w2d 264 27w3d 25w4d 29w1d 362 40w1d 37w6d 42w3d 168 19w0d 17w4d 20w4d 266 27w4d 25w6d 29w3d 364 40w4d 38w1d 42w6d 10-59

[Page 247] (11) HL (a) HL ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA=0.406*HL-0.002804*HL^2+0.0000563*HL^3+8.411 Input : HL (mm) Input min : 5.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 74.0 (mm) HL GA (w d) 5.0 10w3d 6.7 11w0d 9.3 12w0d 12.0 13w0d 15.0 14w0d 17.7 15w0d 20.3 16w0d 23.0 17w0d 26.0 18w0d 28.5 19w0d 31.0 20w0d 33.7 21w0d 36.0 22w0d 38.3 23w0d 40.5 24w0d 42.7 25w0d 44.8 26w0d 46.8 27w0d 48.7 28w0d 50.5 29w0d 52.3 30w0d 54.0 31w0d 55.6 32w0d 57.2 33w0d 58.8 34w0d 60.2 35w0d 61.6 36w0d 63.0 37w0d 64.4 38w0d 65.8 39w0d 67.0 40w0d 68.3 41w0d 69.5 42w0d 70.7 43w0d 71.8 44w0d 73.0 45w0d 74.0 45w6d 10-60

[Page 248] (b) HL Jeanty Jeanty P, Rodesch F, Delbeke D, Dumont JE: "Estimation of gestational age GA=9.6519438+0.26200391*HL+0.0026105367*HL^2 1SD=1.6552 Input : HL (mm) Input min : 10.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 69.0 (mm) HL GA (w d) HL GA (w d) 10 12w4d 9w5d 15w2d 40 24w2d 21w4d 27w0d 11 12w6d 10w1d 15w4d 41 24w5d 22w0d 27w4d 12 13w1d 10w3d 15w6d 42 25w2d 22w4d 28w0d 13 13w3d 10w5d 16w2d 43 25w5d 23w0d 28w3d 14 13w6d 11w1d 16w4d 44 26w2d 23w3d 29w0d 15 14w1d 11w3d 16w6d 45 26w5d 24w0d 29w3d 16 14w4d 11w5d 17w2d 46 27w2d 24w3d 30w0d 17 14w6d 12w1d 17w4d 47 27w5d 25w0d 30w3d 18 15w1d 12w3d 18w0d 48 28w2d 25w3d 31w0d 19 15w4d 12w6d 18w2d 49 28w5d 26w0d 31w4d 20 16w0d 13w1d 18w5d 50 29w2d 26w4d 32w0d 21 16w2d 13w4d 19w0d 51 29w6d 27w0d 32w4d 22 16w5d 14w0d 19w3d 52 30w2d 27w4d 33w1d 23 17w0d 14w2d 19w6d 53 30w6d 28w1d 33w4d 24 17w3d 14w5d 20w1d 54 31w3d 28w5d 34w1d 25 17w6d 15w1d 20w4d 55 32w0d 29w1d 34w5d 26 18w2d 15w3d 21w0d 56 32w4d 29w5d 35w2d 27 18w4d 15w6d 21w3d 57 33w0d 30w2d 35w6d 28 19w0d 16w2d 21w5d 58 33w4d 30w6d 36w3d 29 19w3d 16w5d 22w1d 59 34w1d 31w3d 37w0d 30 19w6d 17w1d 22w4d 60 34w5d 32w0d 37w4d 31 20w2d 17w4d 23w0d 61 35w2d 32w4d 38w1d 32 20w5d 18w0d 23w3d 62 36w0d 33w1d 38w5d 33 21w1d 18w3d 23w6d 63 36w4d 33w5d 39w2d 34 21w4d 18w6d 24w2d 64 37w1d 34w3d 39w6d 35 22w0d 19w2d 24w5d 65 37w5d 35w0d 40w3d 36 22w3d 19w5d 25w2d 66 38w2d 35w4d 41w0d 37 22w6d 20w1d 25w5d 67 38w6d 36w1d 41w5d 38 23w3d 20w4d 26w1d 68 39w4d 36w6d 42w2d 39 23w6d 21w1d 26w4d 69 40w1d 37w3d 42w6d 10-61

[Page 249] (12) OFD (a) OFD ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA=0.381*OFD-0.00344*OFD^2+0.00002298*OFD^3+4.189 Input : OFD (mm) Input min : 19.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 128.0 (mm) OFD GA (w d) 19.0 10w2d 21.5 11w0d 25.5 12w0d 29.5 13w0d 34.0 14w0d 38.0 15w0d 43.0 16w0d 47.5 17w0d 52.0 18w0d 57.0 19w0d 62.0 20w0d 66.0 21w0d 70.5 22w0d 74.5 23w0d 78.5 24w0d 82.0 25w0d 85.5 26w0d 89.0 27w0d 92.0 28w0d 95.0 29w0d 97.7 30w0d 100.3 31w0d 103.0 32w0d 105.3 33w0d 107.7 34w0d 110.0 35w0d 112.0 36w0d 114.0 37w0d 116.0 38w0d 118.0 39w0d 119.8 40w0d 121.7 41w0d 123.5 42w0d 125.0 43w0d 126.8 44w0d 128.0 44w6d 10-62

[Page 250] (13) OOD (a) OOD Jeanty Jeanty P, et al "The Binocular Distance: A New Way to Estimate Fetal Age", J Ultrasound Med, 1984; 3: 241-243 OOD GA (w d) OOD GA (w d) 15 10w3d 7w1d 13w6d 41 25w6d 22w4d 29w1d 16 11w0d 7w5d 14w3d 42 26w4d 23w1d 29w6d 17 11w4d 8w2d 15w0d 43 27w1d 23w6d 30w3d 18 12w1d 8w6d 15w4d 44 27w5d 24w3d 31w0d 19 12w6d 9w4d 16w1d 45 28w2d 25w0d 31w4d 20 13w3d 10w1d 16w5d 46 28w6d 25w4d 32w1d 21 14w0d 10w5d 17w2d 47 29w4d 26w1d 32w6d 22 14w4d 11w2d 17w6d 48 30w1d 26w6d 33w3d 23 15w1d 11w6d 18w4d 49 30w5d 27w2d 34w0d 24 15w6d 12w4d 19w1d 50 31w2d 27w6d 34w4d 25 16w3d 13w1d 19w5d 51 31w6d 28w4d 35w1d 26 17w0d 13w5d 20w2d 52 32w4d 29w1d 35w6d 27 17w4d 14w2d 20w6d 53 33w0d 29w5d 36w3d 28 18w1d 14w6d 21w4d 54 33w4d 30w2d 37w0d 29 18w6d 15w4d 22w1d 55 34w1d 30w6d 37w4d 30 19w3d 16w1d 22w5d 56 34w6d 31w4d 38w1d 31 20w0d 16w4d 23w2d 57 35w3d 32w1d 38w5d 32 20w4d 17w1d 23w6d 58 36w0d 32w5d 39w2d 33 21w1d 17w6d 24w4d 59 36w4d 33w2d 39w6d 34 21w5d 18w3d 25w1d 60 37w1d 33w6d 40w4d 35 22w2d 19w0d 25w5d 61 37w6d 34w4d 41w1d 36 22w6d 19w4d 26w2d 62 38w3d 35w1d 41w5d 37 23w4d 20w1d 26w6d 63 39w0d 35w5d 42w2d 38 24w1d 20w6d 27w3d 64 39w4d 36w2d 42w6d 39 24w5d 21w3d 28w0d 65 40w1d 36w6d 43w4d 40 25w2d 22w0d 28w4d 10-63

[Page 251] (b) OOD Mayden Mayden Orbital diameter: A new parameter for prenatal diagnosis and dating. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144: P289-297 OOD GA (w d) 13.0 11w4d 14.8 12w0d 16.8 13w0d 19.8 14w0d 22.0 15w0d 24.3 16w0d 26.4 17w0d 28.5 18w0d 31.3 19w0d 33.3 20w0d 35.3 21w0d 37.3 22w0d 39.3 23w0d 40.7 24w0d 42.8 25w0d 44.7 26w0d 45.9 27w0d 46.9 28w0d 47.9 29w0d 49.4 30w0d 50.4 31w0d 51.4 32w0d 53.0 33w0d 53.7 34w0d 54.6 35w0d 55.6 36w0d 56.7 37w0d 57.5 38w0d 58.1 39w0d 59.0 39w6d 10-64

[Page 252] (14) TIB (a) TIB Jeanty eanty P, Rodesch F, Delbeke D, Dumont JE: "Estimation of gestational age GA=10.055043+0.3137688*TIB+0.0016814056*TIB^2 1SD=1.7496 Input : TIB (mm) Input min : 10.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 69.0 (mm) TIB GA (w d) TIB GA (w d) 10.0 13w2d 10w3d 16w2d 40.0 25w2d 22w3d 28w1d 11.0 13w5d 10w6d 16w4d 41.0 25w5d 22w6d 28w4d 12.0 14w0d 11w1d 17w0d 42.0 26w1d 23w2d 29w1d 13.0 14w3d 11w4d 17w2d 43.0 26w4d 23w5d 29w4d 14.0 14w5d 11w6d 17w5d 44.0 27w1d 24w1d 30w0d 15.0 15w1d 12w2d 18w0d 45.0 27w4d 24w5d 30w3d 16.0 15w3d 12w4d 18w3d 46.0 28w0d 25w1d 30w6d 17.0 15w6d 13w0d 18w5d 47.0 28w3d 25w4d 31w3d 18.0 16w2d 13w2d 19w1d 48.0 29w0d 26w0d 31w6d 19.0 16w4d 13w5d 19w4d 49.0 29w3d 26w4d 32w2d 20.0 17w0d 14w1d 19w6d 50.0 29w6d 27w0d 32w6d 21.0 17w3d 14w3d 20w2d 51.0 30w3d 27w3d 33w2d 22.0 17w5d 14w6d 20w5d 52.0 30w6d 28w0d 33w6d 23.0 18w1d 15w2d 21w0d 53.0 31w3d 28w3d 34w2d 24.0 18w4d 15w4d 21w3d 54.0 31w6d 29w0d 34w5d 25.0 19w0d 16w0d 21w6d 55.0 32w3d 29w3d 35w2d 26.0 19w2d 16w3d 22w2d 56.0 32w6d 30w0d 35w5d 27.0 19w5d 16w6d 22w4d 57.0 33w3d 30w3d 36w2d 28.0 20w1d 17w2d 23w0d 58.0 33w6d 31w0d 36w5d 29.0 20w4d 17w5d 23w3d 59.0 34w3d 31w3d 37w2d 30.0 21w0d 18w0d 23w6d 60.0 34w6d 32w0d 37w6d 31.0 21w3d 18w3d 24w2d 61.0 35w3d 32w4d 38w2d 32.0 21w6d 18w6d 24w5d 62.0 36w0d 33w0d 38w6d 33.0 22w2d 19w2d 25w1d 63.0 36w3d 33w4d 39w3d 34.0 22w5d 19w5d 25w4d 64.0 37w0d 34w1d 39w6d 35.0 23w1d 20w1d 26w0d 65.0 37w4d 34w4d 40w3d 36.0 23w4d 20w4d 26w3d 66.0 38w0d 35w1d 41w0d 37.0 24w0d 21w0d 26w6d 67.0 38w4d 35w5d 41w3d 38.0 24w3d 21w3d 27w2d 68.0 39w1d 36w2d 42w0d 39.0 24w6d 21w6d 27w5d 69.0 39w5d 36w6d 42w4d 10-65

[Page 253] (15) Ulna (a) Ulna Jeanty Jeanty P, Rodesch F, Delbeke D, Dumont JE: "Estimation of gestational age GA=10.034368+0.28625722*ULNA+0.00291247*ULNA^2 1SD=1.8437 Input : Ulna (mm) Input min : 10.0 (mm) Output : GA (weeks) Input max : 64.0 (mm) Ulna GA (w d) Ulna GA (w d) 10 13w1d 10w1d 16w2d 38 25w1d 22w0d 28w1d 11 13w4d 10w3d 16w4d 39 25w4d 22w4d 28w5d 12 13w6d 10w6d 17w0d 40 26w1d 23w1d 29w1d 13 14w2d 11w1d 17w2d 41 26w5d 23w4d 29w5d 14 14w4d 11w4d 17w5d 42 27w1d 24w1d 30w2d 15 15w0d 11w6d 18w0d 43 27w5d 24w5d 30w6d 16 15w3d 12w2d 18w3d 44 28w2d 25w1d 31w2d 17 15w5d 12w5d 18w6d 45 28w6d 25w5d 31w6d 18 16w1d 13w0d 19w1d 46 29w3d 26w2d 32w3d 19 16w4d 13w3d 19w4d 47 29w6d 26w6d 33w0d 20 16w6d 13w6d 20w0d 48 30w3d 27w3d 33w4d 21 17w2d 14w2d 20w3d 49 31w0d 28w0d 34w1d 22 17w5d 14w5d 20w6d 50 31w4d 28w4d 34w5d 23 18w1d 15w1d 21w2d 51 32w1d 29w1d 35w2d 24 18w4d 15w4d 21w4d 52 32w6d 29w5d 35w6d 25 19w0d 16w0d 22w1d 53 33w3d 30w2d 36w3d 26 19w3d 16w3d 22w4d 54 34w0d 30w6d 37w0d 27 19w6d 16w6d 23w0d 55 34w4d 31w4d 37w5d 28 20w2d 17w2d 23w3d 56 35w1d 32w1d 38w2d 29 20w5d 17w5d 23w6d 57 35w6d 32w5d 38w6d 30 21w2d 18w1d 24w2d 58 36w3d 33w3d 39w3d 31 21w5d 18w5d 24w5d 59 37w0d 34w0d 40w1d 32 22w1d 19w1d 25w2d 60 37w5d 34w4d 40w5d 33 22w5d 19w4d 25w5d 61 38w2d 35w2d 41w3d 34 23w1d 20w1d 26w1d 62 39w0d 35w6d 42w0d 35 23w4d 20w4d 26w5d 63 39w4d 36w4d 42w5d 36 24w1d 21w0d 27w1d 64 40w2d 37w2d 43w2d 37 24w4d 21w4d 27w5d 10-66

[Page 254] (16) EFW (a) EFW JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 GA=1.12*10^2+1.02*10^-1*EFW-3.07*10^-5*EFW^2+4.97*10^-9*EFW^3 1SD=6.25+8.14*10^-4*EFW+1.04*10^-6*EFW^2 Input : EFW (g) Input min : 143 (g) Output : GA (days) Input max : 3202 (g) EFW GA (w d) (g) Mean -SD +SD 143 18w0d 17w1d 18w6d 220 19w0d 18w1d 19w6d 300 20w0d 19w0d 21w0d 388 21w0d 20w0d 22w0d 475 22w0d 21w0d 23w0d 567 23w0d 22w0d 24w0d 667 24w0d 23w0d 25w0d 783 25w0d 23w6d 26w1d 883 26w0d 24w6d 27w1d 1017 27w0d 25w6d 28w1d 1150 28w0d 26w5d 29w2d 1283 29w0d 27w5d 30w2d 1433 30w0d 28w4d 31w3d 1600 31w0d 29w4d 32w3d 1775 32w0d 30w3d 33w4d 1950 33w0d 31w2d 34w5d 2125 34w0d 32w1d 35w6d 2300 35w0d 33w0d 37w0d 2475 36w0d 33w6d 38w1d 2650 37w0d 34w5d 39w2d 2800 38w0d 35w4d 40w3d 2950 39w0d 36w3d 41w4d 3075 40w0d 37w2d 42w5d 3200 41w0d 38w1d 43w6d 3202 41w0d 38w1d 43w6d 10-67

[Page 255] 10.2 Growth Analysis Chart (1) AA (a) AA Chitty Chitty, L.S., Altman, D.G., "Charts of Fetal Size: 3. Abdominal Measurements", British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, February 1994, vol. 101, pp. 125-131 AA=(-3.400+0.4736*GA-0.0000312*GA^3)^2 *SD=-0.1194+0.02392*GA 3%-97%tile=(Mean±1.88*SD)^2 10%-90%tile=(Mean±1.28*SD)^2 1SD =INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/3.76*10+0.5)/10 Output : AA (cm ) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA AA (cm ) 12 5.0 0.7 3.7 4.1 6.0 6.5 13 7.2 1.0 5.4 6.0 8.6 9.3 14 9.9 1.4 7.5 8.2 11.7 12.6 15 13.0 1.7 9.9 10.8 15.3 16.4 16 16.4 2.2 12.6 13.8 19.2 20.7 17 20.2 2.6 15.7 17.1 23.7 25.4 18 24.4 3.1 19.0 20.7 28.5 30.6 19 29.0 3.6 22.6 24.6 33.8 36.2 20 33.9 4.2 26.5 28.8 39.5 42.2 21 39.1 4.8 30.7 33.3 45.5 48.7 22 44.7 5.4 35.1 38.0 52.0 55.5 23 50.6 6.1 39.7 43.1 58.7 62.8 24 56.8 6.9 44.6 48.3 65.9 70.4 25 63.2 7.6 49.7 53.9 73.4 78.4 26 70.0 8.4 55.1 59.6 81.2 86.7 27 77.0 9.2 60.6 65.6 89.2 95.3 28 84.2 10.1 66.3 71.8 97.6 104.3 29 91.7 11.0 72.1 78.1 106.3 113.5 30 99.3 11.9 78.2 84.6 115.2 123.0 31 107.2 12.9 84.3 91.3 124.3 132.7 32 115.2 13.9 90.6 98.1 133.6 142.7 33 123.4 14.9 97.0 105.1 143.2 152.9 34 131.7 15.9 103.5 112.1 152.9 163.3 35 140.1 17.0 110.0 119.2 162.7 173.9 36 148.7 18.1 116.6 126.4 172.7 184.6 37 157.3 19.2 123.3 133.7 182.9 195.5 38 166.0 20.3 130.0 141.0 193.1 206.5 39 174.8 21.5 136.7 148.3 203.4 217.5 40 183.5 22.7 143.4 155.6 213.7 228.7 41 192.3 23.9 150.0 162.9 224.1 239.8 42 201.1 25.1 156.6 170.2 234.5 251.0 43 209.8 26.3 163.2 177.4 244.9 262.2 44 218.5 27.6 169.7 184.6 255.2 273.4 45 227.1 28.8 176.1 191.7 265.5 284.5 10-68

[Page 256] (2) AC (a) AC ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 11 52.0 5.0 42.0 62.0 12 63.0 5.0 53.0 73.0 13 74.0 5.0 64.0 84.0 14 84.0 5.0 74.0 94.0 15 96.0 5.0 86.0 106.0 16 106.0 5.0 96.0 116.0 17 120.0 7.5 105.0 135.0 18 131.0 7.5 116.0 146.0 19 140.0 7.5 125.0 155.0 20 151.0 7.5 136.0 166.0 21 164.0 10.0 144.0 184.0 22 176.0 10.0 156.0 196.0 23 186.0 10.0 166.0 206.0 24 201.0 10.0 181.0 221.0 25 212.0 10.0 192.0 232.0 26 223.0 12.5 198.0 248.0 27 230.0 12.5 205.0 255.0 28 242.0 12.5 217.0 267.0 29 259.0 12.5 234.0 284.0 30 262.0 12.5 237.0 287.0 31 272.0 15.0 242.0 302.0 32 283.0 15.0 253.0 313.0 33 294.0 15.0 264.0 324.0 34 305.0 15.0 275.0 335.0 35 315.0 15.0 285.0 345.0 36 325.0 17.5 290.0 360.0 37 333.0 17.5 298.0 368.0 38 342.0 17.5 307.0 377.0 39 356.0 17.5 321.0 391.0 40 362.0 17.5 327.0 397.0 41 367.0 17.5 332.0 402.0 10-69

[Page 257] (b) AC Deter Deter, R.L., Harrist, R.B., Hadlock, F.P., Carpenter, R.J., "Fetal Head and Abdominal Circumferences: II. A Critical Reevaluation of the Relationship to Menstrual Age", Journal Clinical Ultrasound, Oct. 1982, 10: pp. 365-372 AC=-6.93+1.0985*GA 1SD=AC*0.13 Output : AC (cm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (weeks) Mean 1SD -SD +SD 12 62.5 8.1 54.4 70.6 13 73.5 9.6 63.9 83.1 14 84.5 11.0 73.5 95.5 15 95.5 12.4 83.1 107.9 16 106.5 13.8 92.6 120.3 17 117.4 15.3 102.2 132.7 18 128.4 16.7 111.7 145.1 19 139.4 18.1 121.3 157.5 20 150.4 19.6 130.8 170.0 21 161.4 21.0 140.4 182.4 22 172.4 22.4 150.0 194.8 23 183.4 23.8 159.5 207.2 24 194.3 25.3 169.1 219.6 25 205.3 26.7 178.6 232.0 26 216.3 28.1 188.2 244.4 27 227.3 29.5 197.7 256.8 28 238.3 31.0 207.3 269.3 29 249.3 32.4 216.9 281.7 30 260.3 33.8 226.4 294.1 31 271.2 35.3 236.0 306.5 32 282.2 36.7 245.5 318.9 33 293.2 38.1 255.1 331.3 34 304.2 39.5 264.6 343.7 35 315.2 41.0 274.2 356.1 36 326.2 42.4 283.8 368.6 37 337.1 43.8 293.3 381.0 38 348.1 45.3 302.9 393.4 39 359.1 46.7 312.4 405.8 40 370.1 48.1 322.0 418.2 41 381.1 49.5 331.5 430.6 42 392.1 51.0 341.1 443.0 43 403.1 52.4 350.7 455.5 44 414.0 53.8 360.2 467.9 45 425.0 55.3 369.8 480.3 10-70

[Page 258] (c) AC Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. AC=-13.3+1.61*GA-0.00998*GA^2 1SD=1.34 cm Output : AC (cm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 45.8 13.4 19.0 72.6 13 59.4 13.4 32.6 86.2 14 72.8 13.4 46.0 99.6 15 86.0 13.4 59.2 112.8 16 99.1 13.4 72.3 125.9 17 111.9 13.4 85.1 138.7 18 124.5 13.4 97.7 151.3 19 136.9 13.4 110.1 163.7 20 149.1 13.4 122.3 175.9 21 161.1 13.4 134.3 187.9 22 172.9 13.4 146.1 199.7 23 184.5 13.4 157.7 211.3 24 195.9 13.4 169.1 222.7 25 207.1 13.4 180.3 233.9 26 218.1 13.4 191.3 244.9 27 228.9 13.4 202.1 255.7 28 239.6 13.4 212.8 266.4 29 250.0 13.4 223.2 276.8 30 260.2 13.4 233.4 287.0 31 270.2 13.4 243.4 297.0 32 280.0 13.4 253.2 306.8 33 289.6 13.4 262.8 316.4 34 299.0 13.4 272.2 325.8 35 308.2 13.4 281.4 335.0 36 317.3 13.4 290.5 344.1 37 326.1 13.4 299.3 352.9 38 334.7 13.4 307.9 361.5 39 343.1 13.4 316.3 369.9 40 351.3 13.4 324.5 378.1 41 359.3 13.4 332.5 386.1 42 367.2 13.4 340.4 394.0 43 374.8 13.4 348.0 401.6 44 382.2 13.4 355.4 409.0 45 389.4 13.4 362.6 416.2 10-71

[Page 259] (d) AC JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 AC=-4.96+1.19*10^-1*GA+2.45*10^-4*GA^2-7.00*10*^-7*GA^3 SD=1.90*10^-1+6.80*10^-3*GA Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 112 (days) Output : AC (cm) Input max : 294 (days) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (weeks) Mean 1SD -2SD -1.5SD +1.5SD +2SD 16 104.6 9.5 85.5 90.3 118.9 123.6 17 114.9 10.0 94.9 99.9 129.9 134.9 18 125.2 10.5 104.3 109.5 140.9 146.2 19 135.5 10.9 113.7 119.1 152.0 157.4 20 145.8 11.4 123.0 128.7 162.9 168.7 21 156.0 11.9 132.2 138.2 173.9 179.8 22 166.2 12.4 141.5 147.6 184.8 190.9 23 176.3 12.8 150.6 157.0 195.6 202.0 24 186.3 13.3 159.6 166.3 206.3 212.9 25 196.2 13.8 168.6 175.5 216.9 223.8 26 205.9 14.3 177.4 184.5 227.3 234.5 27 215.6 14.8 186.1 193.4 237.7 245.1 28 225.1 15.2 194.6 202.2 247.9 255.5 29 234.4 15.7 203.0 210.8 257.9 265.8 30 243.5 16.2 211.2 219.2 267.8 275.9 31 252.5 16.7 219.2 227.5 277.5 285.8 32 261.2 17.1 227.0 235.5 286.9 295.5 33 269.7 17.6 234.5 243.3 296.2 305.0 34 278.0 18.1 241.9 250.9 305.2 314.2 35 286.1 18.6 248.9 258.2 313.9 323.2 36 293.8 19.0 255.8 265.3 322.4 331.9 37 301.3 19.5 262.3 272.1 330.6 340.4 38 308.5 20.0 268.6 278.6 338.5 348.5 39 315.4 20.5 274.5 284.7 346.1 356.4 40 322.0 20.9 280.1 290.6 353.4 363.9 41 328.3 21.4 285.4 296.1 360.4 371.1 42 334.1 21.9 290.4 301.3 367.0 377.9 43 339.7 22.4 294.9 306.1 373.2 384.4 44 344.8 22.8 299.1 310.5 379.1 390.5 45 349.6 23.3 302.9 314.6 384.5 396.2 10-72

[Page 260] (e) AC Merz GA AC (mm) GA AC (mm) 12.5 62.0 7.3 50.0 74.0 27.5 222.0 12.2 202.0 242.0 13 67.0 7.6 55.0 80.0 28 227.0 12.2 207.0 247.0 13.5 73.0 7.6 60.0 85.0 28.5 232.0 12.2 212.0 252.0 14 78.0 7.9 65.0 91.0 29 237.0 12.2 217.0 257.0 14.5 83.0 7.6 71.0 96.0 29.5 242.0 12.8 221.0 263.0 15 89.0 7.9 76.0 102.0 30 247.0 12.8 226.0 268.0 15.5 94.0 8.2 81.0 108.0 30.5 252.0 12.8 231.0 273.0 16 100.0 8.5 86.0 114.0 31 257.0 13.1 235.0 278.0 16.5 105.0 8.5 91.0 119.0 31.5 262.0 13.1 240.0 283.0 17 111.0 8.8 96.0 125.0 32 266.0 13.4 244.0 288.0 17.5 116.0 8.8 102.0 131.0 32.5 271.0 13.4 249.0 293.0 18 122.0 8.8 107.0 136.0 33 276.0 13.7 253.0 298.0 18.5 127.0 9.1 112.0 142.0 33.5 280.0 13.7 258.0 303.0 19 132.0 9.4 117.0 148.0 34 285.0 14.0 262.0 308.0 19.5 138.0 9.4 122.0 153.0 34.5 289.0 14.3 266.0 313.0 20 143.0 9.7 127.0 159.0 35 294.0 14.3 270.0 317.0 20.5 149.0 9.7 133.0 165.0 35.5 298.0 14.3 275.0 322.0 21 154.0 9.7 138.0 170.0 36 303.0 14.6 279.0 327.0 21.5 159.0 10.0 143.0 176.0 36.5 307.0 14.6 283.0 331.0 22 165.0 10.0 148.0 181.0 37 311.0 14.9 287.0 336.0 22.5 170.0 10.3 153.0 187.0 37.5 315.0 15.2 290.0 340.0 23 175.0 10.6 158.0 193.0 38 319.0 15.2 294.0 344.0 23.5 181.0 10.6 163.0 198.0 38.5 323.0 15.2 298.0 348.0 24 186.0 10.9 168.0 204.0 39 327.0 15.5 301.0 352.0 24.5 191.0 10.9 173.0 209.0 39.5 331.0 15.5 305.0 356.0 25 196.0 11.2 178.0 215.0 40 334.0 15.8 308.0 360.0 25.5 202.0 11.2 183.0 220.0 40.5 338.0 16.1 311.0 364.0 26 207.0 11.6 188.0 226.0 41 341.0 16.1 314.0 367.0 26.5 212.0 11.6 193.0 231.0 41.5 343.0 16.1 317.0 370.0 27 217.0 11.6 198.0 236.0 10-73

[Page 261] (3) BPD (a) BPD ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 11 16.0 1.00 14.0 18.0 12 20.0 2.00 16.0 24.0 13 24.0 2.00 20.0 28.0 14 28.0 2.00 24.0 32.0 15 31.0 2.00 27.0 35.0 16 36.0 2.50 31.0 41.0 17 39.0 2.50 34.0 44.0 18 42.0 2.00 38.0 46.0 19 45.0 2.50 40.0 50.0 20 47.0 2.00 43.0 51.0 21 49.0 2.00 45.0 53.0 22 52.0 2.50 47.0 57.0 23 57.0 2.50 52.0 62.0 24 60.0 3.00 54.0 66.0 25 64.0 3.00 58.0 70.0 26 67.0 2.00 63.0 71.0 27 68.0 2.50 63.0 73.0 28 72.0 2.00 68.0 76.0 29 75.0 2.00 71.0 79.0 30 76.0 2.00 72.0 80.0 31 80.0 3.00 74.0 86.0 32 81.0 2.00 77.0 85.0 33 84.0 3.00 78.0 90.0 34 86.0 3.00 80.0 92.0 35 88.0 3.15 81.5 94.5 36 90.0 3.00 84.0 96.0 37 92.0 3.15 85.5 98.5 38 93.0 3.00 87.0 99.0 39 95.0 4.00 87.0 103.0 40 96.0 4.00 88.0 104.0 41 98.0 4.00 90.0 106.0 10-74

[Page 262] (b) BPD Chitty (O-I) BPD=-28.36+3.96*GA-0.00055543*GA^3 1SD=1.225+0.06883*GA 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) 12 18.3 2.1 14.4 15.7 20.9 22.1 13 22.0 2.1 18.0 19.3 24.7 26.0 14 25.7 2.2 21.5 22.9 28.5 29.8 15 29.3 2.3 25.0 26.4 32.2 33.5 16 32.8 2.3 28.5 29.9 35.8 37.2 17 36.4 2.4 31.9 33.3 39.4 40.9 18 39.8 2.5 35.2 36.7 43.0 44.4 19 43.2 2.5 38.4 40.0 46.5 48.0 20 46.5 2.6 41.7 43.2 49.9 51.4 21 49.8 2.7 44.8 46.4 53.2 54.8 22 53.0 2.7 47.9 49.5 56.5 58.2 23 56.1 2.8 50.9 52.5 59.7 61.4 24 59.2 2.9 53.8 55.5 62.9 64.6 25 62.2 2.9 56.6 58.4 65.9 67.7 26 65.0 3.0 59.4 61.2 68.9 70.7 27 67.8 3.1 62.0 63.9 71.8 73.6 28 70.5 3.2 64.6 66.5 74.6 76.5 29 73.2 3.2 67.1 69.0 77.3 79.2 30 75.7 3.3 69.5 71.5 79.9 81.9 31 78.1 3.4 71.8 73.8 82.4 84.4 32 80.4 3.4 74.0 76.0 84.8 86.9 33 82.6 3.5 76.1 78.2 87.1 89.2 34 84.7 3.6 78.0 80.2 89.3 91.4 35 86.7 3.6 79.9 82.1 91.4 93.6 36 88.6 3.7 81.6 83.9 93.3 95.6 37 90.3 3.8 83.3 85.5 95.2 97.4 38 92.0 3.8 84.8 87.1 96.9 99.2 39 93.5 3.9 86.1 88.5 98.5 100.8 40 94.8 4.0 87.4 89.8 99.9 102.3 41 96.1 4.0 88.5 90.9 101.3 103.7 42 97.2 4.1 89.4 91.9 102.5 104.9 43 98.2 4.2 90.3 92.8 103.5 106.0 44 99.0 4.3 91.0 93.5 104.4 107.0 45 99.6 4.3 91.5 94.1 105.2 107.8 10-75

[Page 263] (c) BPD Chitty (O-O) BPD=-28.59+4.110*GA-0.0005985*GA^3 1SD=1.523+0.05886*GA 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) 12 19.7 2.2 15.5 16.8 22.5 23.9 13 23.5 2.3 19.2 20.6 26.5 27.8 14 27.3 2.3 22.9 24.3 30.3 31.7 15 31.0 2.4 26.5 28.0 34.1 35.6 16 34.7 2.5 30.1 31.6 37.9 39.4 17 38.3 2.5 33.6 35.1 41.6 43.1 18 41.9 2.6 37.0 38.6 45.2 46.8 19 45.4 2.6 40.4 42.0 48.8 50.4 20 48.8 2.7 43.7 45.4 52.3 53.9 21 52.2 2.8 47.0 48.6 55.7 57.4 22 55.5 2.8 50.2 51.9 59.1 60.8 23 58.7 2.9 53.2 55.0 62.3 64.1 24 61.8 2.9 56.3 58.0 65.5 67.3 25 64.8 3.0 59.2 61.0 68.6 70.4 26 67.8 3.1 62.0 63.8 71.7 73.5 27 70.6 3.1 64.7 66.6 74.6 76.5 28 73.4 3.2 67.4 69.3 77.4 79.3 29 76.0 3.2 69.9 71.9 80.1 82.1 30 78.6 3.3 72.4 74.3 82.8 84.7 31 81.0 3.3 74.7 76.7 85.3 87.3 32 83.3 3.4 76.9 79.0 87.7 89.7 33 85.5 3.5 79.0 81.1 90.0 92.0 34 87.6 3.5 81.0 83.1 92.1 94.3 35 89.6 3.6 82.9 85.0 94.2 96.3 36 91.4 3.6 84.6 86.8 96.1 98.3 37 93.2 3.7 86.2 88.4 97.9 100.1 38 94.7 3.8 87.7 89.9 99.6 101.8 39 96.2 3.8 89.0 91.3 101.1 103.4 40 97.5 3.9 90.2 92.5 102.5 104.8 41 98.7 3.9 91.3 93.6 103.7 106.1 42 99.7 4.0 92.2 94.6 104.8 107.2 43 100.6 4.1 92.9 95.4 105.7 108.2 44 101.3 4.1 93.5 96.0 106.5 109.0 45 101.8 4.2 94.0 96.5 107.2 109.7 10-76

[Page 264] (d) BPD Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. BPD=-3.08+0.41*GA-0.000061*GA^3 1SD=0.3 cm Output : BPD (cm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 17.3 3.0 11.3 23.3 13 21.2 3.0 15.2 27.2 14 24.9 3.0 18.9 30.9 15 28.6 3.0 22.6 34.6 16 32.3 3.0 26.3 38.3 17 35.9 3.0 29.9 41.9 18 39.4 3.0 33.4 45.4 19 42.9 3.0 36.9 48.9 20 46.3 3.0 40.3 52.3 21 49.7 3.0 43.7 55.7 22 52.9 3.0 46.9 58.9 23 56.1 3.0 50.1 62.1 24 59.2 3.0 53.2 65.2 25 62.2 3.0 56.2 68.2 26 65.1 3.0 59.1 71.1 27 67.9 3.0 61.9 73.9 28 70.6 3.0 64.6 76.6 29 73.2 3.0 67.2 79.2 30 75.7 3.0 69.7 81.7 31 78.1 3.0 72.1 84.1 32 80.4 3.0 74.4 86.4 33 82.6 3.0 76.6 88.6 34 84.6 3.0 78.6 90.6 35 86.5 3.0 80.5 92.5 36 88.3 3.0 82.3 94.3 37 90.0 3.0 84.0 96.0 38 91.5 3.0 85.5 97.5 39 92.9 3.0 86.9 98.9 40 94.2 3.0 88.2 100.2 41 95.3 3.0 89.3 101.3 42 96.2 3.0 90.2 102.2 43 97.0 3.0 91.0 103.0 44 97.6 3.0 91.6 103.6 45 98.1 3.0 92.1 104.1 10-77

[Page 265] (e) BPD Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 10 14.0 2.7 9.0 18.0 11 17.0 2.7 13.0 22.0 12 21.0 2.7 16.0 25.0 13 24.0 2.7 20.0 29.0 14 28.0 2.7 23.0 32.0 15 31.0 2.7 27.0 36.0 16 35.0 2.7 30.0 39.0 17 38.0 2.7 34.0 43.0 18 42.0 2.7 37.0 46.0 19 45.0 2.7 40.0 49.0 20 48.0 2.7 44.0 53.0 21 51.0 2.7 47.0 56.0 22 55.0 2.7 50.0 59.0 23 58.0 2.7 53.0 62.0 24 61.0 2.7 56.0 65.0 25 64.0 2.7 59.0 68.0 26 67.0 2.7 62.0 71.0 27 70.0 2.7 65.0 74.0 28 72.0 2.7 68.0 77.0 29 75.0 2.7 70.0 79.0 30 77.0 2.7 73.0 82.0 31 79.0 2.7 75.0 84.0 32 82.0 2.7 77.0 86.0 33 84.0 2.7 79.0 88.0 34 86.0 2.7 81.0 90.0 35 87.0 2.7 83.0 92.0 36 89.0 2.7 84.0 93.0 37 90.0 2.7 86.0 95.0 38 91.0 2.7 87.0 96.0 39 93.0 2.7 88.0 97.0 40 93.0 2.7 89.0 98.0 10-78

[Page 266] (f) BPD Jeanty Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Bracken M., Cantraine F. "A longitudinal Study of fetal head biometry" American Journal of Perinatology; Volume1; Number; January 1984; pages 118-128 BPD=-19.634+3.0209*GA+0.042134*GA^2-0.0011756*GA^3 1SD=2.75373 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 10 (weeks) Output : BPD (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 10 13.6 2.75373 9.0 18.2 11 17.1 2.75373 12.6 21.7 12 20.7 2.75373 16.1 25.2 13 24.2 2.75373 19.6 28.7 14 27.7 2.75373 23.1 32.3 15 31.2 2.75373 26.6 35.8 16 34.7 2.75373 30.1 39.2 17 38.1 2.75373 33.6 42.7 18 41.5 2.75373 37.0 46.1 19 44.9 2.75373 40.3 49.5 20 48.2 2.75373 43.7 52.8 21 51.5 2.75373 46.9 56.1 22 54.7 2.75373 50.1 59.3 23 57.8 2.75373 53.3 62.4 24 60.9 2.75373 56.3 65.5 25 63.9 2.75373 59.3 68.4 26 66.7 2.75373 62.2 71.3 27 69.5 2.75373 64.9 74.1 28 72.2 2.75373 67.6 76.7 29 74.7 2.75373 70.2 79.3 30 77.2 2.75373 72.6 81.7 31 79.5 2.75373 74.9 84.1 32 81.7 2.75373 77.1 86.2 33 83.7 2.75373 79.1 88.3 34 85.6 2.75373 81.0 90.1 35 87.3 2.75373 82.7 91.9 36 88.9 2.75373 84.3 93.4 37 90.3 2.75373 85.7 94.8 38 91.5 2.75373 86.9 96.1 39 92.5 2.75373 88.0 97.1 40 93.4 2.75373 88.8 97.9 41 94.0 2.75373 89.5 98.6 42 94.5 2.75373 89.9 99.0 43 94.7 2.75373 90.1 99.3 44 94.7 2.75373 90.1 99.3 45 94.5 2.75373 89.9 99.1 10-79

[Page 267] (g) BPD JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 BPD=-18.3+3.85*10^-1*GA+1.06*10^-3*GA^2-3.70*10^-6*GA^3 1SD=1.73+7.96*10^-3*GA Input : GA (days) Input min : 10 (weeks) (weeks) Mean 1SD -2SD -1.5SD +1.5SD +2SD 10 12.6 2.3 8.0 9.1 16.0 17.1 11 15.9 2.3 11.3 12.4 19.5 20.6 12 19.3 2.4 14.5 15.7 22.9 24.1 13 22.7 2.5 17.8 19.0 26.4 27.6 14 26.1 2.5 21.1 22.4 29.9 31.1 15 29.5 2.6 24.4 25.7 33.4 34.7 16 32.9 2.6 27.7 29.0 36.9 38.2 17 36.3 2.7 30.9 32.3 40.3 41.6 18 39.6 2.7 34.2 35.5 43.7 45.1 19 43.0 2.8 37.4 38.8 47.1 48.5 20 46.2 2.8 40.5 42.0 50.5 51.9 21 49.4 2.9 43.6 45.1 53.8 55.2 22 52.6 3.0 46.7 48.2 57.0 58.5 23 55.7 3.0 49.7 51.2 60.2 61.7 24 58.8 3.1 52.6 54.2 63.4 64.9 25 61.7 3.1 55.5 57.0 66.4 68.0 26 64.6 3.2 58.2 59.8 69.3 70.9 27 67.3 3.2 60.9 62.5 72.2 73.8 28 70.0 3.3 63.4 65.1 75.0 76.6 29 72.6 3.3 65.9 67.6 77.6 79.3 30 75.0 3.4 68.2 69.9 80.1 81.8 31 77.4 3.5 70.4 72.2 82.5 84.3 32 79.5 3.5 72.5 74.3 84.8 86.6 33 81.6 3.6 74.5 76.2 86.9 88.7 34 83.5 3.6 76.2 78.1 88.9 90.7 35 85.2 3.7 77.9 79.7 90.8 92.6 36 86.8 3.7 79.4 81.2 92.4 94.3 37 88.2 3.8 80.7 82.5 93.9 95.8 38 89.5 3.8 81.8 83.7 95.2 97.2 39 90.5 3.9 82.7 84.7 96.4 98.3 40 91.4 4.0 83.5 85.4 97.3 99.3 41 92.0 4.0 84.0 86.0 98.1 100.1 42 92.5 4.1 84.3 86.4 98.6 100.6 43 92.7 4.1 84.5 86.5 98.9 101.0 44 92.7 4.2 84.4 86.5 99.0 101.1 45 92.5 4.2 84.0 86.2 98.9 101.0 10-80

[Page 268] (h) BPD Kurtz Kurtz AB, Wapner RJ, Kurtz RJ, et al. Analysis of biparietal diameter as an accurate indicator of gestational age. J Clin Ultrasound 1980: 8; 319-326 BPD=(-3.45701+0.50157*GA-0.00441*GA^2)*10 Output : BPD (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45weeks) (weeks) Mean 12 19.3 13 23.2 14 27.0 15 30.7 16 34.4 17 38.0 18 41.4 19 44.8 20 48.1 21 51.3 22 54.4 23 57.5 24 60.4 25 63.3 26 66.0 27 68.7 28 71.3 29 73.8 30 76.2 31 78.5 32 80.8 33 82.9 34 85.0 35 87.0 36 88.8 37 90.6 38 92.3 39 94.0 40 95.5 41 96.9 42 98.3 43 99.6 44 100.7 45 101.8 10-81

[Page 269] (i) BPD Merz GA BPD (mm) GA BPD (mm) 12.5 25 2.4 21 29 27.5 73 3.0 68 78 13.0 26 2.1 23 30 28.0 74 3.0 69 79 13.5 28 2.1 24 31 28.5 76 3.0 71 81 14.0 29 2.4 25 33 29.0 77 3.0 72 82 14.5 31 2.4 27 35 29.5 78 3.3 73 84 15.0 32 2.4 28 36 30.0 80 3.3 74 85 15.5 34 2.4 30 38 30.5 81 3.0 76 86 16.0 35 2.4 31 39 31.0 82 3.3 77 88 16.5 37 2.4 33 41 31.5 83 3.3 78 89 17.0 39 2.4 35 43 32.0 85 3.3 79 90 17.5 40 2.7 36 45 32.5 86 3.3 80 91 18.0 42 2.4 38 46 33.0 87 3.3 81 92 18.5 44 2.4 40 48 33.5 88 3.3 82 93 19.0 46 2.7 41 50 34.0 89 3.6 83 95 19.5 47 2.7 43 52 34.5 90 3.6 84 96 20.0 49 2.4 45 53 35.0 91 3.6 85 97 20.5 51 2.7 46 55 35.5 92 3.3 86 97 21.0 52 2.7 48 57 36.0 92 3.3 87 98 21.5 54 3.0 49 59 36.5 93 3.6 87 99 22.0 56 2.7 51 60 37.0 94 3.6 88 100 22.5 57 2.7 53 62 37.5 95 3.6 89 101 23.0 59 3.0 54 64 38.0 95 3.6 89 101 23.5 61 2.7 56 65 38.5 96 3.6 90 102 24.0 62 3.0 57 67 39.0 96 4.0 90 103 24.5 64 3.0 59 69 39.5 97 3.6 91 103 25.0 65 2.7 61 70 40.0 97 3.6 91 103 25.5 67 3.0 62 72 40.5 97 4.0 91 104 26.0 68 2.7 64 73 41.0 98 4.0 91 104 26.5 70 3.0 65 75 41.5 98 3.6 92 104 27.0 71 3.3 66 77 10-82

[Page 270] (j) BPD Rempen Rempen A: Biometrie in der fruehgravitaet (l. trimenon). Der Frauenarzt 32: 425-430, 1991. 1SD=3.7/1.645 5%-95%tile=Mean±3.7 mm GA BPD (mm) GA BPD (mm) (w d) Mean 1SD 5%tile 95%tile (w d) Mean 1SD 5%tile 95%tile 6w2d 2.0 2.2 – 5.7 9w6d 13.4 2.2 9.7 17.1 6w3d 2.5 2.2 – 6.2 10w0d 13.9 2.2 10.2 17.6 6w4d 3.0 2.2 – 6.7 10w1d 14.3 2.2 10.6 18.0 6w5d 3.4 2.2 – 7.1 10w2d 14.8 2.2 11.1 18.5 6w6d 3.9 2.2 0.2 7.6 10w3d 15.2 2.2 11.5 18.9 7w0d 4.3 2.2 0.6 8.0 10w4d 15.7 2.2 12.0 19.4 7w1d 4.8 2.2 1.1 8.5 10w5d 16.1 2.2 12.4 19.8 7w2d 5.3 2.2 1.6 9.0 10w6d 16.5 2.2 12.8 20.2 7w3d 5.7 2.2 2.0 9.4 11w0d 17.0 2.2 13.3 20.7 7w4d 6.2 2.2 2.5 9.9 11w1d 17.4 2.2 13.7 21.1 7w5d 6.7 2.2 3.0 10.4 11w2d 17.9 2.2 14.2 21.6 7w6d 7.1 2.2 3.4 10.8 11w3d 18.3 2.2 14.6 22.0 8w0d 7.6 2.2 3.9 11.3 11w4d 18.7 2.2 15.0 22.4 8w1d 8.0 2.2 4.3 11.7 11w5d 19.2 2.2 15.5 22.9 8w2d 8.5 2.2 4.8 12.2 11w6d 19.6 2.2 15.9 23.3 8w3d 8.9 2.2 5.2 12.6 12w0d 20.0 2.2 16.3 23.7 8w4d 9.4 2.2 5.7 13.1 12w1d 20.5 2.2 16.8 24.2 8w5d 9.8 2.2 6.1 13.5 12w2d 20.9 2.2 17.2 24.6 8w6d 10.3 2.2 6.6 14.0 12w3d 21.3 2.2 17.6 25.0 9w0d 10.7 2.2 7.0 14.4 12w4d 21.8 2.2 18.1 25.5 9w1d 11.2 2.2 7.5 14.9 12w5d 22.2 2.2 18.5 25.9 9w2d 11.6 2.2 7.9 15.3 12w6d 22.6 2.2 18.9 26.3 9w3d 12.1 2.2 8.4 15.8 13w0d 23.1 2.2 19.4 26.8 9w4d 12.5 2.2 8.8 16.2 13w1d 23.5 2.2 19.8 27.2 9w5d 13.0 2.2 9.3 16.7 13w2d 23.9 2.2 20.2 27.6 10-83

[Page 271] (k) BPD Sabbagha Sabbagha R.E., Barton B.A., Barton F.B., Kingas E., Orgill J., Turner J.H. "Sonar biparietal diameter II. Predictive of three fetal growth patterns leading to a closer assessment of gestational age and neonatal weight" American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; October 15; 1976; pp. 485-490 16 37.0 4.3 31.0 45.0 17 40.0 4.0 34.0 47.0 18 43.0 3.6 37.0 49.0 19 45.0 3.6 39.0 51.0 20 47.0 3.3 42.0 53.0 21 50.0 3.0 45.0 55.0 22 53.0 2.7 49.0 58.0 23 56.0 3.0 52.0 62.0 24 59.0 3.3 55.0 66.0 25 62.0 3.6 58.0 70.0 26 66.0 3.6 61.0 73.0 27 69.0 3.6 64.0 76.0 28 72.0 4.0 66.0 79.0 29 75.0 4.6 68.0 83.0 30 78.0 4.6 71.0 86.0 31 80.0 4.6 73.0 88.0 32 83.0 4.6 75.0 90.0 33 85.0 4.3 77.0 91.0 34 87.0 4.3 79.0 93.0 35 88.0 4.3 82.0 96.0 36 90.0 4.3 83.0 97.0 37 92.0 4.3 84.0 98.0 38 93.0 4.3 85.0 99.0 39 94.0 4.0 87.0 100.0 40 95.0 3.6 89.0 101.0 10-84

[Page 272] (4) CER (a) CER Goldstein Israel Goldstein, M.D. Cerebellar measurements with ultrasonography in the evalution of fetal growth and development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 1065-1069 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/2.56*10+0.5)/10 GA CER (mm) (weeks) Mean 1SD 10%tile 90%tile 15 14.0 2.3 10.0 16.0 16 16.0 1.2 14.0 17.0 17 17.0 0.8 16.0 18.0 18 18.0 0.8 17.0 19.0 19 19.0 1.6 18.0 22.0 20 20.0 1.6 18.0 22.0 21 22.0 2.0 19.0 24.0 22 23.0 1.2 21.0 24.0 23 24.0 1.6 22.0 26.0 24 25.0 2.3 22.0 28.0 25 28.0 2.3 23.0 29.0 26 29.0 2.7 25.0 32.0 27 30.0 2.3 26.0 32.0 28 31.0 2.7 27.0 34.0 29 34.0 3.5 29.0 38.0 30 35.0 3.5 31.0 40.0 31 38.0 4.3 32.0 43.0 32 38.0 3.5 33.0 42.0 33 40.0 4.7 32.0 44.0 34 40.0 4.3 33.0 44.0 35 40.5 6.3 31.0 47.0 36 43.0 7.4 36.0 55.0 37 45.0 7.0 37.0 55.0 38 48.5 5.9 40.0 55.0 39 52.0 1.2 52.0 55.0 10-85

[Page 273] (b) CER Hill LYNDON M. HILL, MD The transverse cerebellar diameter in estimating gestational age in the larg for gestational age fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 981-985 GA CER (mm) 15 15.0 1.5 12.0 18.0 16 16.0 1.0 14.0 18.0 17 17.0 1.0 15.0 19.0 18 18.0 1.0 16.0 20.0 19 20.0 1.0 18.0 22.0 20 20.0 1.5 17.0 23.0 21 22.0 1.5 19.0 25.0 22 23.0 1.5 20.0 26.0 23 24.0 1.5 21.0 27.0 24 26.0 2.0 22.0 30.0 25 28.0 2.0 24.0 32.0 26 30.0 2.0 26.0 34.0 27 30.0 2.0 26.0 34.0 28 33.0 2.0 29.0 37.0 29 34.0 2.0 30.0 38.0 30 37.0 2.0 33.0 41.0 31 39.0 2.0 35.0 43.0 32 41.0 2.5 36.0 46.0 33 43.0 2.5 38.0 48.0 34 46.0 4.5 37.0 55.0 35 47.0 3.5 40.0 54.0 36 49.0 4.5 40.0 58.0 37 51.0 5.5 40.0 62.0 38 51.0 6.0 39.0 63.0 39 52.0 5.0 42.0 62.0 40 52.0 4.0 44.0 60.0 10-86

[Page 274] (5) CLAV (a) CLAV Yarkoni Yarkoni S, Schmidt W, Jeanty P, et al "Clavicular measurement: A new biometric parameter for fetal evaluation" J Ultrasound Med. 4: 467-470, 1985. CLAV=1.118303+0.9788639*GA 1SD=2.92 mm Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 15 (weeks) Output : CLAV (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA CLAV (mm) 15 15.8 2.92 11.0 20.6 16 16.8 2.92 12.0 21.6 17 17.8 2.92 13.0 22.6 18 18.7 2.92 13.9 23.5 19 19.7 2.92 14.9 24.5 20 20.7 2.92 15.9 25.5 21 21.7 2.92 16.9 26.5 22 22.7 2.92 17.8 27.5 23 23.6 2.92 18.8 28.4 24 24.6 2.92 19.8 29.4 25 25.6 2.92 20.8 30.4 26 26.6 2.92 21.8 31.4 27 27.5 2.92 22.7 32.4 28 28.5 2.92 23.7 33.3 29 29.5 2.92 24.7 34.3 30 30.5 2.92 25.7 35.3 31 31.5 2.92 26.7 36.3 32 32.4 2.92 27.6 37.2 33 33.4 2.92 28.6 38.2 34 34.4 2.92 29.6 39.2 35 35.4 2.92 30.6 40.2 36 36.4 2.92 31.6 41.2 37 37.3 2.92 32.5 42.1 38 38.3 2.92 33.5 43.1 39 39.3 2.92 34.5 44.1 40 40.3 2.92 35.5 45.1 41 41.3 2.92 36.4 46.1 42 42.2 2.92 37.4 47.0 43 43.2 2.92 38.4 48.0 44 44.2 2.92 39.4 49.0 45 45.2 2.92 40.4 50.0 10-87

[Page 275] (6) CRL (a) CRL ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 (days) Mean (days) Mean 37 1.0 70 34.0 38 2.0 71 36.0 39 3.0 72 37.0 40 3.0 73 38.0 41 4.0 74 39.0 42 4.0 75 39.0 43 5.0 76 40.0 44 6.0 77 44.0 45 7.0 78 45.0 46 8.0 79 47.0 47 9.0 80 48.0 48 10.0 81 52.0 49 11.0 82 55.0 50 11.0 83 56.0 51 12.0 84 57.0 52 12.0 85 58.0 53 13.0 86 60.0 54 14.0 87 61.0 55 15.0 88 63.0 56 17.0 89 64.0 57 18.0 90 65.0 58 19.0 91 68.0 59 20.0 92 70.0 60 21.0 93 72.0 61 22.0 94 74.0 62 22.0 95 76.0 63 23.0 96 77.0 64 24.0 97 80.0 65 26.0 98 81.0 66 27.0 99 84.0 67 28.0 100 85.0 68 29.0 101 86.0 69 31.0 102 87.0 10-88

[Page 276] (b) CRL Hadlock Hadlock FP, Shah YP, Kanon DJ, Lindsey JV: "Fetal crown-rump length: Reevaluation of relation to menstrual age (5-18 weeks) with high-resolution real-time US" Radiology 182: 501-505, 1992. CRL=e^(-6.983+1.4498*GA-0.078345*GA^2+0.001501*GA^3) 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/3.76*10+0.5)/10 2.5%-97.5%tile=Mean±Mean*0.08 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 5 (weeks) Output : CRL (cm) Input max : 18 (weeks) GA CRL (mm) GA CRL (mm) GA CRL (mm) (days) Mean 1SD 2.5%tile 97.5%tile (days) Mean 1SD 2.5%tile 97.5%tile (days) Mean 1SD 2.5%tile 97.5%tile 35 2.2 0.1 2.0 2.4 66 26.6 1.1 24.5 28.8 97 78.2 3.3 72.0 84.5 36 2.5 0.1 2.3 2.7 67 28.1 1.2 25.8 30.3 98 79.8 3.4 73.4 86.2 37 2.8 0.1 2.5 3.0 68 29.6 1.3 27.2 31.9 99 81.4 3.5 74.9 87.9 38 3.1 0.1 2.8 3.3 69 31.1 1.3 28.6 33.5 100 83.0 3.5 76.3 89.6 39 3.4 0.2 3.1 3.7 70 32.6 1.4 30.0 35.2 101 84.5 3.6 77.7 91.3 40 3.8 0.2 3.5 4.1 71 34.2 1.5 31.4 36.9 102 86.0 3.7 79.1 92.9 41 4.2 0.2 3.8 4.5 72 35.8 1.5 32.9 38.6 103 87.5 3.7 80.5 94.5 42 4.6 0.2 4.2 4.9 73 37.4 1.6 34.4 40.4 104 89.0 3.8 81.9 96.1 43 5.0 0.2 4.6 5.4 74 39.0 1.6 35.9 42.1 105 90.5 3.9 83.2 97.7 44 5.5 0.2 5.1 6.0 75 40.7 1.7 37.4 43.9 106 91.9 3.9 84.5 99.3 45 6.1 0.2 5.6 6.5 76 42.4 1.8 39.0 45.7 107 93.3 4.0 85.9 100.8 46 6.6 0.3 6.1 7.1 77 44.1 1.9 40.5 47.6 108 94.7 4.0 87.2 102.3 47 7.2 0.3 6.6 7.8 78 45.8 1.9 42.1 49.4 109 96.2 4.1 88.5 103.8 48 7.9 0.3 7.2 8.5 79 47.5 2.0 43.7 51.3 110 97.5 4.1 89.7 105.3 49 8.5 0.3 7.9 9.2 80 49.2 2.1 45.3 53.2 111 98.9 4.2 91.0 106.8 50 9.3 0.4 8.5 10.0 81 51.0 2.2 46.9 55.0 112 100.3 4.3 92.3 108.3 51 10.0 0.4 9.2 10.8 82 52.7 2.2 48.5 56.9 113 101.7 4.3 93.5 109.8 52 10.8 0.5 10.0 11.7 83 54.5 2.3 50.1 58.8 114 103.0 4.4 94.8 111.3 53 11.7 0.5 10.7 12.6 84 56.2 2.4 51.7 60.7 115 104.4 4.4 96.0 112.7 54 12.6 0.5 11.6 13.6 85 58.0 2.5 53.3 62.6 116 105.7 4.5 97.3 114.2 55 13.5 0.6 12.4 14.6 86 59.7 2.6 54.9 64.5 117 107.1 4.6 98.5 115.7 56 14.5 0.6 13.3 15.6 87 61.5 2.6 56.5 66.4 118 108.5 4.6 99.8 117.1 57 15.5 0.6 14.3 16.7 88 63.2 2.7 58.1 68.2 119 109.8 4.7 101.0 118.6 58 16.6 0.7 15.2 17.9 89 64.9 2.8 59.7 70.1 120 111.2 4.7 102.3 120.1 59 17.7 0.7 16.3 19.1 90 66.6 2.8 61.3 72.0 121 112.6 4.8 103.6 121.6 60 18.8 0.8 17.3 20.3 91 68.3 2.9 62.9 73.8 122 114.0 4.8 104.9 123.1 61 20.0 0.9 18.4 21.6 92 70.0 3.0 64.4 75.6 123 115.4 4.9 106.2 124.7 62 21.3 0.9 19.6 23.0 93 71.7 3.0 66.0 77.4 124 116.9 5.0 107.5 126.2 63 22.6 1.0 20.8 24.4 94 73.4 3.1 67.5 79.2 125 118.3 5.0 108.9 127.8 64 23.9 1.0 22.0 25.8 95 75.0 3.2 69.0 81.0 126 119.8 5.1 110.2 129.4 65 25.2 1.1 23.2 27.3 96 76.6 3.3 70.5 82.8 10-89

[Page 277] (c) CRL Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/4*10+0.5)/10 (w d) Mean 1SD -2SD +2SD (w d) Mean 1SD -2SD +2SD 6w0d 6.9 2.3 2.3 11.5 12w1d 55.6 7.8 40.0 71.3 6w1d 7.6 2.4 2.8 12.5 12w3d 59.4 8.1 43.2 75.5 6w2d 8.3 2.6 3.2 13.4 12w5d 63.1 8.4 46.4 79.8 6w3d 9.0 2.7 3.6 14.3 13w1d 68.8 8.8 51.3 86.3 6w4d 9.6 2.8 3.9 15.2 13w3d 72.6 8.8 55.6 90.6 6w5d 10.2 3.0 4.3 16.1 13w5d 76.3 9.3 57.8 94.8 6w6d 10.8 3.1 4.7 16.9 14w1d 81.8 9.7 62.5 101.1 7w0d 11.4 3.2 5.0 17.8 14w3d 85.4 9.9 65.6 105.2 7w1d 12.1 3.3 5.4 18.7 14w5d 88.9 10.2 68.6 109.2 7w2d 12.7 3.5 5.8 19.6 15w1d 93.9 10.6 72.8 115.0 7w3d 13.3 3.6 6.2 20.5 15w3d 97.1 10.8 75.5 118.7 7w4d 14.0 3.7 6.6 21.4 15w5d 100.1 11.1 78.0 122.2 7w5d 14.7 3.9 7.0 22.4 16w1d 104.4 11.5 81.5 127.3 7w6d 15.4 4.0 7.5 23.4 16w3d 107.0 11.7 83.6 130.4 8w0d 16.2 4.1 8.0 24.4 16w5d 109.5 12.0 85.6 133.4 8w2d 17.8 4.4 9.1 26.5 17w1d 113.0 12.4 88.3 137.7 8w4d 19.6 4.6 10.3 28.8 17w3d 115.1 12.6 89.9 140.4 8w6d 21.5 4.9 11.7 31.2 17w5d 117.2 12.9 91.5 142.9 9w1d 23.6 5.2 13.3 33.9 18w1d 120.0 13.3 93.5 146.5 9w3d 25.9 5.4 15.1 36.6 18w3d 121.9 13.5 94.8 148.9 9w5d 28.3 5.7 17.0 39.6 18w5d 123.7 13.8 96.2 151.2 10w1d 32.4 6.0 20.3 44.4 19w0d 125.5 14.0 97.5 153.6 10w3d 35.3 6.3 22.7 47.9 19w2d 127.4 14.3 98.9 156.0 10w5d 38.3 6.6 25.2 51.4 19w4d 129.4 14.6 100.3 158.5 11w1d 43.2 7.0 29.3 57.1 19w6d 131.6 14.8 102.0 161.2 11w3d 46.6 7.3 32.2 61.3 20w0d 132.8 14.9 102.9 162.6 11w5d 50.2 7.5 35.3 65.1 20w1d 134.0 15.0 104.0 164.1 10-90

[Page 278] (d) CRL JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 GA CRL (mm) (w d) Mean 1SD 5%tile 10%tile 90%tile 95%tile 7w0d 10.1 3.5 5.7 6.8 16.0 17.2 7w2d 10.5 3.2 6.0 7.3 15.7 16.4 7w4d 11.3 3.1 6.5 8.1 16.0 16.6 7w6d 12.5 3.1 7.2 9.0 17.0 17.5 8w1d 14.0 3.3 8.1 10.2 18.4 19.1 8w3d 15.8 3.7 9.1 11.6 20.4 21.3 8w5d 17.8 4.2 10.3 13.1 22.7 24.0 9w0d 20.0 4.7 11.7 14.9 25.4 27.0 9w2d 22.5 5.2 13.3 16.7 28.3 30.3 9w4d 25.0 5.7 15.1 18.7 31.4 33.7 9w6d 27.6 6.1 17.1 20.9 34.6 37.3 10w1d 30.3 6.5 19.2 23.1 37.8 40.7 10w3d 33.1 6.9 21.5 25.4 41.0 44.1 10w5d 35.8 7.0 24.1 27.9 44.1 47.1 11w0d 38.4 7.0 26.7 30.4 47.0 49.8 11w2d 40.9 6.8 29.6 32.9 49.6 52.1 11w4d 43.3 6.4 32.7 35.5 51.9 53.8 10-91

[Page 279] (e) CRL Rempen Rempen A: Biometrie in der fruehgravitaet (l. trimenon). Der Frauenarzt 32: 425-430, 1991. 1SD=7.8/1.645 5%-95%tile=Mean±7.8 mm (w d) Mean 1SD 5%tile 95%tile (w d) Mean 1SD 5%tile 95%tile 5w5d 1.2 4.7 – 9.0 9w4d 29.5 4.7 21.7 37.3 5w6d 2.1 4.7 – 9.9 9w5d 30.7 4.7 22.9 38.5 6w0d 3.0 4.7 – 10.8 9w6d 32.0 4.7 24.2 39.8 6w1d 3.8 4.7 – 11.6 10w0d 33.3 4.7 25.5 41.1 6w2d 4.7 4.7 – 12.5 10w1d 34.6 4.7 26.8 42.4 6w3d 5.7 4.7 – 13.5 10w2d 35.9 4.7 28.1 43.7 6w4d 6.6 4.7 – 14.4 10w3d 37.2 4.7 29.4 45.0 6w5d 7.5 4.7 – 15.3 10w4d 38.5 4.7 30.7 46.3 6w6d 8.5 4.7 0.7 16.3 10w5d 39.9 4.7 32.1 47.7 7w0d 9.5 4.7 1.7 17.3 10w6d 41.3 4.7 33.5 49.1 7w1d 10.5 4.7 2.7 18.3 11w0d 42.6 4.7 34.8 50.4 7w2d 11.5 4.7 3.7 19.3 11w1d 44.0 4.7 36.2 51.8 7w3d 12.5 4.7 4.7 20.3 11w2d 45.4 4.7 37.6 53.2 7w4d 13.5 4.7 5.7 21.3 11w3d 46.9 4.7 39.1 54.7 7w5d 14.6 4.7 6.8 22.4 11w4d 48.3 4.7 40.5 56.1 7w6d 15.6 4.7 7.8 23.4 11w5d 49.8 4.7 42.0 57.6 8w0d 16.7 4.7 8.9 24.5 11w6d 51.2 4.7 43.4 59.0 8w1d 17.8 4.7 10.0 25.6 12w0d 52.7 4.7 44.9 60.5 8w2d 18.9 4.7 11.1 26.7 12w1d 54.2 4.7 46.4 62.0 8w3d 20.0 4.7 12.2 27.8 12w2d 55.7 4.7 47.9 63.5 8w4d 21.1 4.7 13.3 28.9 12w3d 57.3 4.7 49.5 65.1 8w5d 22.3 4.7 14.5 30.1 12w4d 58.8 4.7 51.0 66.6 8w6d 23.5 4.7 15.7 31.3 12w5d 60.3 4.7 52.5 68.1 9w0d 24.6 4.7 16.8 32.4 12w6d 61.9 4.7 54.1 69.7 9w1d 25.8 4.7 18.0 33.6 13w0d 63.5 4.7 55.7 71.3 9w2d 27.0 4.7 19.2 34.8 13w1d 65.1 4.7 57.3 72.9 9w3d 28.3 4.7 20.5 36.1 13w2d 66.7 4.7 58.9 74.5 10-92

[Page 280] (f) CRL Robinson Robinson HP, Fleming JEE, "A critical evaluation of sonar crown-rump length measurements", Brit J Obstet Gynaecol 1975 82: 702-710 CRL=0.0144*GA^2-0.6444*GA+7.295 1SD=(0.14*GA-3.2)/2 ±2SD=Mean±(0.14*GA-3.2) Input : GA (days) Input min : 44 (days) Output : CRL (mm) Input max : 98 (days) (days) Mean 1SD -2SD +2SD (days) Mean 1SD -2SD +2SD 44 6.8 1.5 3.9 9.8 72 35.5 3.4 28.7 42.4 45 7.5 1.6 4.4 10.6 73 37.0 3.5 30.0 44.0 46 8.1 1.6 4.9 11.4 74 38.5 3.6 31.3 45.6 47 8.8 1.7 5.4 12.2 75 40.0 3.7 32.7 47.3 48 9.5 1.8 6.0 13.1 76 41.5 3.7 34.1 48.9 49 10.3 1.8 6.6 14.0 77 43.1 3.8 35.5 50.6 50 11.1 1.9 7.3 14.9 78 44.6 3.9 36.9 52.4 51 11.9 2.0 7.9 15.8 79 46.3 3.9 38.4 54.1 52 12.7 2.0 8.6 16.8 80 47.9 4.0 39.9 55.9 53 13.6 2.1 9.4 17.8 81 49.6 4.1 41.4 57.7 54 14.5 2.2 10.1 18.8 82 51.3 4.1 43.0 59.6 55 15.4 2.3 10.9 19.9 83 53.0 4.2 44.6 61.4 56 16.4 2.3 11.7 21.0 84 54.8 4.3 46.2 63.3 57 17.3 2.4 12.6 22.1 85 56.6 4.4 47.9 65.3 58 18.4 2.5 13.4 23.3 86 58.4 4.4 49.5 67.2 59 19.4 2.5 14.3 24.5 87 60.2 4.5 51.2 69.2 60 20.5 2.6 15.3 25.7 88 62.1 4.6 53.0 71.2 61 21.6 2.7 16.2 26.9 89 64.0 4.6 54.7 73.3 62 22.7 2.7 17.2 28.2 90 65.9 4.7 56.5 75.3 63 23.9 2.8 18.2 29.5 91 67.9 4.8 58.4 77.4 64 25.0 2.9 19.3 30.8 92 69.9 4.8 60.2 79.6 65 26.2 3.0 20.3 32.1 93 71.9 4.9 62.1 81.7 66 27.5 3.0 21.5 33.5 94 74.0 5.0 64.0 83.9 67 28.8 3.1 22.6 34.9 95 76.0 5.1 65.9 86.1 68 30.1 3.2 23.7 36.4 96 78.1 5.1 67.9 88.4 69 31.4 3.2 24.9 37.8 97 80.3 5.2 69.9 90.7 70 32.7 3.3 26.1 39.3 98 82.4 5.3 71.9 93.0 71 34.1 3.4 27.4 40.9 10-93

[Page 281] (7) F Kidney (a) F Kidney Bertagnoli Bertagnoli L, Lalatta F, Gallacio R, et al, "Quantitative characterization of the growth of the fetal kidney", J Clinical Ultrasound 11: 349-356, 1983. Kidney=16.6052+0.0135*(GA)^2 1SD: 1.2 (24w0d-34w6d) 1.15 (35w0d-42w0d) Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 24 (weeks) Output : F Kidney (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA F Kidney (mm) 24 24.4 1.20 22.0 26.8 25 25.0 1.20 22.6 27.4 26 25.7 1.20 23.3 28.1 27 26.4 1.20 24.0 28.8 28 27.2 1.20 24.8 29.6 29 28.0 1.20 25.6 30.4 30 28.8 1.20 26.4 31.2 31 29.6 1.20 27.2 32.0 32 30.4 1.20 28.0 32.8 33 31.3 1.20 28.9 33.7 34 32.2 1.20 29.8 34.6 35 33.1 1.15 30.8 35.4 36 34.1 1.15 31.8 36.4 37 35.1 1.15 32.8 37.4 38 36.1 1.15 33.8 38.4 39 37.1 1.15 34.8 39.4 40 38.2 1.15 35.9 40.5 41 39.3 1.15 37.0 41.6 42 40.4 1.15 38.1 42.7 43 41.6 1.15 39.3 43.9 44 42.7 1.15 40.4 45.0 45 43.9 1.15 41.6 46.2 10-94

[Page 282] (8) FIB (a) FIB Merz GA FIB (mm) GA FIB (mm) 12.5 6 1.8 3 9 27.5 44 2.4 40 48 13.0 8 1.8 5 11 28.0 45 2.4 41 49 13.5 9 1.8 6 12 28.5 46 2.4 42 50 14.0 11 1.8 8 14 29.0 47 2.4 43 51 14.5 13 2.1 9 16 29.5 48 2.4 44 52 15.0 14 1.8 11 17 30.0 49 2.4 45 53 15.5 16 2.1 12 19 30.5 50 2.4 46 54 16.0 17 1.8 14 20 31.0 51 2.4 47 55 16.5 18 2.1 15 22 31.5 52 2.7 47 56 17.0 20 1.8 17 23 32.0 52 2.7 48 57 17.5 21 1.8 18 24 32.5 53 2.4 49 57 18.0 23 2.1 19 26 33.0 54 2.4 50 58 18.5 24 1.8 21 27 33.5 55 2.4 51 59 19.0 25 2.1 22 29 34.0 56 2.7 51 60 19.5 26 2.1 23 30 34.5 56 2.7 52 61 20.0 28 2.1 24 31 35.0 57 2.4 53 61 20.5 29 2.1 25 32 35.5 58 2.7 53 62 21.0 30 2.1 27 34 36.0 58 2.7 54 63 21.5 31 2.1 28 35 36.5 59 2.7 54 63 22.0 33 2.1 29 36 37.0 60 2.7 55 64 22.5 34 2.1 30 37 37.5 60 2.7 56 65 23.0 35 2.1 31 38 38.0 61 2.7 56 65 23.5 36 2.4 32 40 38.5 61 2.7 57 66 24.0 37 2.4 33 41 39.0 62 2.7 57 66 24.5 38 2.4 34 42 39.5 62 2.7 58 67 25.0 39 2.4 35 43 40.0 63 2.7 58 67 25.5 40 2.4 36 44 40.5 63 3 58 68 26.0 41 2.1 38 45 41.0 63 2.7 59 68 26.5 42 2.4 38 46 41.5 64 2.7 59 68 27.0 43 2.4 39 47 10-95

[Page 283] (9) FL (a) FL ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 11w0d 8.0 1.00 6.0 10.0 12w0d 10.0 1.25 7.5 12.5 13w0d 11.0 1.25 8.5 13.5 14w0d 15.0 1.50 12.0 18.0 15w0d 17.0 1.75 13.5 20.5 16w0d 22.0 2.00 18.0 26.0 17w0d 25.0 2.00 21.0 29.0 18w0d 28.0 2.50 23.0 33.0 19w0d 30.0 2.50 25.0 35.0 20w0d 32.0 3.00 26.0 38.0 21w0d 34.0 3.00 28.0 40.0 22w0d 37.0 2.50 32.0 42.0 23w0d 43.0 2.50 38.0 48.0 24w0d 45.0 2.00 41.0 49.0 25w0d 48.0 2.50 43.0 53.0 26w0d 49.0 2.50 44.0 54.0 27w0d 50.0 2.50 45.0 55.0 28w0d 54.0 2.00 50.0 58.0 29w0d 55.0 2.75 49.5 60.5 30w0d 58.0 3.00 52.0 64.0 31w0d 59.0 2.75 53.5 64.5 32w0d 62.0 3.00 56.0 68.0 33w0d 65.0 2.00 61.0 69.0 34w0d 66.0 2.00 62.0 70.0 35w0d 67.0 3.00 61.0 73.0 36w0d 69.0 3.00 63.0 75.0 37w0d 72.0 2.50 67.0 77.0 38w0d 73.0 2.75 67.5 78.5 39w0d 75.0 3.00 69.0 81.0 40w0d 76.0 2.00 72.0 80.0 41w0d 77.0 2.50 72.0 82.0 10-96

[Page 284] (b) FL BMUS BMUS: Charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice. February 2007 FL=-32.425+3.4162*GA-0.0004791*GA^3 1SD=1.0605+0.058328*GA Output : FL (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 7.7 1.8 4.8 10.6 13 10.9 1.8 7.9 13.9 14 14.1 1.9 11.0 17.2 15 17.2 1.9 14.0 20.4 16 20.3 2.0 17.0 23.6 17 23.3 2.1 19.9 26.7 18 26.3 2.1 22.8 29.7 19 29.2 2.2 25.6 32.8 20 32.1 2.2 28.4 35.7 21 34.9 2.3 31.1 38.6 22 37.6 2.3 33.8 41.5 23 40.3 2.4 36.4 44.3 24 42.9 2.5 38.9 47.0 25 45.5 2.5 41.4 49.6 26 48.0 2.6 43.7 52.2 27 50.4 2.6 46.0 54.7 28 52.7 2.7 48.3 57.1 29 55.0 2.8 50.4 59.5 30 57.1 2.8 52.5 61.7 31 59.2 2.9 54.5 63.9 32 61.2 2.9 56.4 66.0 33 63.1 3.0 58.2 68.0 34 64.9 3.0 59.9 69.9 35 66.6 3.1 61.5 71.7 36 68.2 3.2 63.0 73.4 37 69.7 3.2 64.4 75.0 38 71.1 3.3 65.7 76.5 39 72.4 3.3 66.9 77.9 40 73.6 3.4 68.0 79.1 41 74.6 3.5 68.9 80.3 42 75.6 3.5 69.8 81.3 43 76.4 3.6 70.5 82.3 44 77.1 3.6 71.1 83.0 45 77.6 3.7 71.6 83.7 10-97

[Page 285] (c) FL Chitty Chitty Charts of fetal size: limb bones BJOG: am International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology August 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 919-929 FL=-32.425+3.4162*GA-0.0004791*GA^3 1SD=1.0605+0.058328*GA 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : FL (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 7.7 1.8 4.4 5.5 10.0 11.1 13 10.9 1.8 7.5 8.6 13.3 14.4 14 14.1 1.9 10.6 11.7 16.5 17.6 15 17.2 1.9 13.6 14.7 19.7 20.8 16 20.3 2.0 16.5 17.7 22.8 24.0 17 23.3 2.1 19.4 20.7 25.9 27.2 18 26.3 2.1 22.3 23.6 29.0 30.2 19 29.2 2.2 25.1 26.4 32.0 33.3 20 32.1 2.2 27.9 29.2 34.9 36.3 21 34.9 2.3 30.6 32.0 37.8 39.2 22 37.6 2.3 33.2 34.6 40.6 42.0 23 40.3 2.4 35.8 37.2 43.4 44.8 24 42.9 2.5 38.3 39.8 46.1 47.6 25 45.5 2.5 40.8 42.3 48.7 50.2 26 48.0 2.6 43.1 44.7 51.3 52.8 27 50.4 2.6 45.4 47.0 53.8 55.3 28 52.7 2.7 47.6 49.3 56.2 57.8 29 55.0 2.8 49.8 51.4 58.5 60.1 30 57.1 2.8 51.8 53.5 60.7 62.4 31 59.2 2.9 53.8 55.5 62.9 64.6 32 61.2 2.9 55.7 57.4 64.9 66.7 33 63.1 3.0 57.5 59.3 66.9 68.7 34 64.9 3.0 59.2 61.0 68.8 70.6 35 66.6 3.1 60.8 62.6 70.6 72.4 36 68.2 3.2 62.3 64.2 72.3 74.1 37 69.7 3.2 63.7 65.6 73.8 75.8 38 71.1 3.3 64.9 66.9 75.3 77.3 39 72.4 3.3 66.1 68.1 76.7 78.7 40 73.6 3.4 67.2 69.2 77.9 79.9 41 74.6 3.5 68.1 70.2 79.0 81.1 42 75.6 3.5 69.0 71.1 80.1 82.2 43 76.4 3.6 69.7 71.8 80.9 83.1 44 77.1 3.6 70.3 72.4 81.7 83.9 45 77.6 3.7 70.7 72.9 82.4 84.6 10-98

[Page 286] (d) FL Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. FL=-3.91+0.427*GA-0.0034*GA^2 1SD=0.3 cm Output : FL (cm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 7.2 3.0 1.2 13.2 13 10.7 3.0 4.7 16.7 14 14.0 3.0 8.0 20.0 15 17.3 3.0 11.3 23.3 16 20.5 3.0 14.5 26.5 17 23.7 3.0 17.7 29.7 18 26.7 3.0 20.7 32.7 19 29.8 3.0 23.8 35.8 20 32.7 3.0 26.7 38.7 21 35.6 3.0 29.6 41.6 22 38.4 3.0 32.4 44.4 23 41.1 3.0 35.1 47.1 24 43.8 3.0 37.8 49.8 25 46.4 3.0 40.4 52.4 26 48.9 3.0 42.9 54.9 27 51.4 3.0 45.4 57.4 28 53.8 3.0 47.8 59.8 29 56.1 3.0 50.1 62.1 30 58.4 3.0 52.4 64.4 31 60.6 3.0 54.6 66.6 32 62.7 3.0 56.7 68.7 33 64.8 3.0 58.8 70.8 34 66.8 3.0 60.8 72.8 35 68.7 3.0 62.7 74.7 36 70.6 3.0 64.6 76.6 37 72.3 3.0 66.3 78.3 38 74.1 3.0 68.1 80.1 39 75.7 3.0 69.7 81.7 40 77.3 3.0 71.3 83.3 41 78.8 3.0 72.8 84.8 42 80.3 3.0 74.3 86.3 43 81.6 3.0 75.6 87.6 44 83.0 3.0 77.0 89.0 45 84.2 3.0 78.2 90.2 10-99

[Page 287] (e) FL Jeanty Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Cantraine F., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Struyven J. "A longitudinal Study of fetal limb growth" American Journal of Perinatology; Volume 1; Number 2; January 1984; 136-141 FL=-25.252+2.555*GA+0.027566*GA^2-7.3286*GA^3*10^-4 1SD=2.74060 Output : FL (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45weeks) 12 8.1 2.7406 3.6 12.7 13 11.0 2.7406 6.5 15.6 14 13.9 2.7406 9.4 18.5 15 16.8 2.7406 12.3 21.4 16 19.7 2.7406 15.1 24.2 17 22.5 2.7406 18.0 27.1 18 25.4 2.7406 20.8 29.9 19 28.2 2.7406 23.7 32.8 20 31.0 2.7406 26.5 35.6 21 33.8 2.7406 29.2 38.3 22 36.5 2.7406 31.9 41.0 23 39.2 2.7406 34.6 43.7 24 41.8 2.7406 37.3 46.4 25 44.4 2.7406 39.9 49.0 26 46.9 2.7406 42.4 51.5 27 49.4 2.7406 44.9 54.0 28 51.8 2.7406 47.3 56.4 29 54.2 2.7406 49.6 58.7 30 56.4 2.7406 51.9 61.0 31 58.6 2.7406 54.1 63.2 32 60.7 2.7406 56.2 65.3 33 62.7 2.7406 58.2 67.3 34 64.7 2.7406 60.1 69.2 35 66.5 2.7406 62.0 71.1 36 68.3 2.7406 63.7 72.8 37 69.9 2.7406 65.3 74.4 38 71.4 2.7406 66.9 76.0 39 72.8 2.7406 68.3 77.4 40 74.2 2.7406 69.6 78.7 41 75.3 2.7406 70.8 79.9 42 76.4 2.7406 71.8 80.9 43 77.3 2.7406 72.8 81.9 44 78.1 2.7406 73.6 82.7 45 78.8 2.7406 74.2 83.3 10-100

[Page 288] (f) FL JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 FL=-16.4+2.51*10^-1*GA+9.85*10^-4*GA^2-2.8*10*^-6*GA^3 1SD=2.10+4.82*10^-3*GA Input : GA (days) Input min : 112 (days) Output : FL (mm) Input max : 294 (days) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (weeks) Mean 1SD -2SD -1.5SD +1.5SD +2SD 16 20.1 2.6 14.9 16.2 24.1 25.4 17 22.7 2.7 17.4 18.7 26.7 28.0 18 25.3 2.7 19.8 21.2 29.3 30.7 19 27.8 2.7 22.3 23.7 31.9 33.3 20 30.4 2.8 24.8 26.2 34.5 35.9 21 32.9 2.8 27.3 28.7 37.1 38.5 22 35.4 2.8 29.7 31.1 39.7 41.1 23 37.9 2.9 32.1 33.5 42.2 43.6 24 40.3 2.9 34.5 35.9 44.7 46.1 25 42.7 2.9 36.8 38.3 47.1 48.6 26 45.0 3.0 39.1 40.6 49.5 51.0 27 47.3 3.0 41.3 42.8 51.8 53.3 28 49.6 3.0 43.5 45.0 54.1 55.6 29 51.7 3.1 45.6 47.1 56.3 57.9 30 53.8 3.1 47.6 49.1 58.5 60.0 31 55.8 3.1 49.5 51.1 60.6 62.1 32 57.8 3.2 51.4 53.0 62.5 64.1 33 59.6 3.2 53.2 54.8 64.4 66.1 34 61.4 3.2 54.9 56.5 66.3 67.9 35 63.0 3.3 56.5 58.1 68.0 69.6 36 64.6 3.3 58.0 59.6 69.6 71.2 37 66.0 3.3 59.3 61.0 71.1 72.7 38 67.4 3.4 60.6 62.3 72.4 74.1 39 68.6 3.4 61.7 63.4 73.7 75.4 40 69.6 3.4 62.7 64.5 74.8 76.5 41 70.6 3.5 63.6 65.4 75.8 77.5 42 71.4 3.5 64.3 66.1 76.7 78.4 43 72.0 3.6 64.9 66.7 77.4 79.1 44 72.5 3.6 65.4 67.2 77.9 79.7 45 72.9 3.6 65.6 67.5 78.3 80.1 10-101

[Page 289] (g) FL Merz GA FL (mm) GA FL (mm) 12.5 9 1.8 6 12 27.5 52 2.7 48 57 13.0 11 1.8 8 14 28.0 53 2.7 49 58 13.5 13 1.8 10 16 28.5 55 2.7 50 59 14.0 15 2.1 11 18 29.0 56 2.7 51 60 14.5 16 2.1 13 20 29.5 57 2.7 52 61 15.0 18 1.8 15 21 30.0 58 2.7 53 62 15.5 20 2.1 16 23 30.5 59 2.7 54 63 16.0 21 2.1 18 25 31.0 60 2.7 55 64 16.5 23 2.1 19 26 31.5 61 3.0 56 66 17.0 24 2.1 21 28 32.0 62 3.0 57 67 17.5 26 2.1 22 29 32.5 63 3.0 58 68 18.0 27 2.1 24 31 33.0 64 3.0 59 69 18.5 29 2.1 25 32 33.5 65 3.0 60 70 19.0 30 2.1 27 34 34.0 66 3.0 61 71 19.5 32 2.1 28 35 34.5 67 3.0 62 72 20.0 33 2.4 29 37 35.0 68 3.0 63 73 20.5 35 2.1 31 38 35.5 69 3.0 64 74 21.0 36 2.4 32 40 36.0 70 2.7 65 74 21.5 37 2.4 33 41 36.5 70 2.7 66 75 22.0 39 2.1 35 42 37.0 71 3.0 66 76 22.5 40 2.4 36 44 37.5 72 3.0 67 77 23.0 41 2.4 37 45 38.0 73 3.0 68 78 23.5 43 2.1 39 46 38.5 74 3.0 69 79 24.0 44 2.4 40 48 39.0 74 3.0 69 79 24.5 45 2.4 41 49 39.5 75 3.0 70 80 25.0 46 2.4 42 50 40.0 76 3.0 71 81 25.5 48 2.7 43 52 40.5 76 3.0 71 81 26.0 49 2.4 45 53 41.0 77 3.0 72 82 26.5 50 2.4 46 54 41.5 77 3.3 72 83 27.0 51 2.4 47 55 10-102

[Page 290] (h) FL Warda Warda, A.H., Deter, R.L., Rossavik, I.K., Carpenter, R.J., Hadlock, F.P., "Fetal Femur Length: A Critical Re-evaluation of Relationship to Menstrual Age" Obstetrics & Gynecology, July 1985, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 69-75 FL=(-3.8929+0.42062*GA-0.0034513*GA^2)*10 1SD=0.07*(Mean) ±2SD=Mean±0.14*(Mean) Output : FL (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 6.6 0.5 5.7 7.5 13 9.9 0.7 8.5 11.3 14 13.2 0.9 11.3 15.0 15 16.4 1.1 14.1 18.7 16 19.5 1.4 16.8 22.3 17 22.6 1.6 19.4 25.8 18 25.6 1.8 22.0 29.2 19 28.5 2.0 24.5 32.5 20 31.4 2.2 27.0 35.8 21 34.2 2.4 29.4 39.0 22 36.9 2.6 31.7 42.1 23 39.6 2.8 34.0 45.1 24 42.1 2.9 36.2 48.0 25 44.7 3.1 38.4 50.9 26 47.1 3.3 40.5 53.7 27 49.5 3.5 42.6 56.4 28 51.8 3.6 44.5 59.0 29 54.0 3.8 46.5 61.6 30 56.2 3.9 48.3 64.1 31 58.3 4.1 50.1 66.5 32 60.3 4.2 51.9 68.8 33 62.3 4.4 53.6 71.0 34 64.2 4.5 55.2 73.2 35 66.0 4.6 56.8 75.3 36 67.8 4.7 58.3 77.3 37 69.5 4.9 59.7 79.2 38 71.1 5.0 61.1 81.0 39 72.6 5.1 62.5 82.8 40 74.1 5.2 63.7 84.5 41 75.5 5.3 64.9 86.1 42 76.9 5.4 66.1 87.6 43 78.1 5.5 67.2 89.1 44 79.3 5.6 68.2 90.4 45 80.5 5.6 69.2 91.7 10-103

[Page 291] (10) Foot (a) Foot Mercer Mercer, Sklar, et al: "Fetal foot length as a predictor of gestational age" Am J Obstet Gynecol 156: 350-355, 1987. 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/4*10+0.5)/10 GA Foot (mm) 12 8.0 0.5 7.0 9.0 13 11.0 0.5 10.0 12.0 14 15.0 1.0 13.0 17.0 15 18.0 1.0 16.0 20.0 16 21.0 1.0 19.0 23.0 17 24.0 1.5 21.0 27.0 18 27.0 1.5 24.0 30.0 19 30.0 1.5 27.0 33.0 20 33.0 2.0 29.0 37.0 21 36.0 2.0 32.0 40.0 22 39.0 2.0 35.0 43.0 23 42.0 2.5 37.0 47.0 24 45.0 2.5 40.0 50.0 25 47.0 2.5 42.0 52.0 26 50.0 2.5 45.0 55.0 27 53.0 3.0 47.0 59.0 28 55.0 3.0 49.0 61.0 29 58.0 3.0 52.0 64.0 30 60.0 3.5 53.0 67.0 31 62.0 3.5 55.0 69.0 32 65.0 3.5 58.0 72.0 33 67.0 3.5 60.0 74.0 34 69.0 4.0 61.0 77.0 35 71.0 4.0 63.0 79.0 36 74.0 4.0 66.0 82.0 37 76.0 4.0 68.0 84.0 38 78.0 4.5 69.0 87.0 39 80.0 4.5 71.0 89.0 40 81.0 4.5 72.0 90.0 10-104

[Page 292] (11) GS (a) GS Hellman Hellman, LM, Kobayashi M, Fillisti L, Lavenhar M: "Growth and development of the human fetus prior to the twentieth week of gestation" Am J Obset Gynecol 103: 789-800, 1969 GS=0.702*GA-2.543 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 5 (weeks) Output : GS (cm) Input max : 12 (weeks) GA GS (mm) (weeks) Mean 5 9.7 6 16.7 7 23.7 8 30.7 9 37.8 10 44.8 11 51.8 12 58.8 10-105

[Page 293] (b) GS Rempen Rempen A: Biometrie in der fruehgravitaet (l. trimenon). Der Frauenarzt 32: 425-430, 1991. 1SD=10.5/1.645 5%-95%tile=Mean±10.5 mm GA GS (mm) GA GS (mm) (w d) Mean 1SD 5%tile 95%tile (w d) Mean 1SD 5%tile 95%tile 4w4d 0.5 6.4 – 11.0 9w0d 36.6 6.4 26.1 47.1 4w5d 1.8 6.4 – 12.3 9w1d 37.6 6.4 27.1 48.1 4w6d 3.2 6.4 – 13.7 9w2d 38.5 6.4 28 49 5w0d 4.5 6.4 – 15.0 9w3d 39.5 6.4 29 50 5w1d 5.8 6.4 – 16.3 9w4d 40.4 6.4 29.9 50.9 5w2d 7.1 6.4 – 17.6 9w5d 41.3 6.4 30.8 51.8 5w3d 8.4 6.4 – 18.9 9w6d 42.2 6.4 31.7 52.7 5w4d 9.7 6.4 – 20.2 10w0d 43.1 6.4 32.6 53.6 5w5d 10.9 6.4 0.4 21.4 10w1d 44 6.4 33.5 54.5 5w6d 12.2 6.4 1.7 22.7 10w2d 44.9 6.4 34.4 55.4 6w0d 13.4 6.4 2.9 23.9 10w3d 45.7 6.4 35.2 56.2 6w1d 14.6 6.4 4.1 25.1 10w4d 46.6 6.4 36.1 57.1 6w2d 15.9 6.4 5.4 26.4 10w5d 47.4 6.4 36.9 57.9 6w3d 17.1 6.4 6.6 27.6 10w6d 48.2 6.4 37.7 58.7 6w4d 18.3 6.4 7.8 28.8 11w0d 49 6.4 38.5 59.5 6w5d 19.4 6.4 8.9 29.9 11w1d 49.8 6.4 39.3 60.3 6w6d 20.6 6.4 10.1 31.1 11w2d 50.6 6.4 40.1 61.1 7w0d 21.7 6.4 11.2 32.2 11w3d 51.4 6.4 40.9 61.9 7w1d 22.9 6.4 12.4 33.4 11w4d 52.1 6.4 41.6 62.6 7w2d 24.0 6.4 13.5 34.5 11w5d 52.9 6.4 42.4 63.4 7w3d 25.1 6.4 14.6 35.6 11w6d 53.6 6.4 43.1 64.1 7w4d 26.2 6.4 15.7 36.7 12w0d 54.3 6.4 43.8 64.8 7w5d 27.3 6.4 16.8 37.8 12w1d 55.1 6.4 44.6 65.6 7w6d 28.4 6.4 17.9 38.9 12w2d 55.8 6.4 45.3 66.3 8w0d 29.5 6.4 19.0 40.0 12w3d 56.4 6.4 45.9 66.9 8w1d 30.5 6.4 20.0 41.0 12w4d 57.1 6.4 46.6 67.6 8w2d 31.6 6.4 21.1 42.1 12w5d 57.8 6.4 47.3 68.3 8w3d 32.6 6.4 22.1 43.1 12w6d 58.4 6.4 47.9 68.9 8w4d 33.6 6.4 23.1 44.1 13w0d 59.1 6.4 48.6 69.6 8w5d 34.6 6.4 24.1 45.1 13w1d 59.7 6.4 49.2 70.2 8w6d 35.6 6.4 25.1 46.1 13w2d 60.3 6.4 49.8 70.8 10-106

[Page 294] (c) GS Tokyo Takashi Okai Special Edition: Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Perinatal Stages How to calculate gestational ages Perinatal Medicine Vol. 12 No. 1 1982-1 Age GS (mm) (weeks) Mean 1SD -1.5SD +1.5SD 4 10.7 2.0 7.7 13.7 5 14.0 4.6 7.1 20.9 6 22.4 4.9 15.1 29.8 7 28.2 6.0 19.2 37.2 8 34.1 5.1 26.5 41.8 9 42.6 13.0 23.1 62.1 10 44.8 11.6 27.4 62.2 11 55.4 13.3 35.5 75.4 12 85.1 11.6 67.7 102.5 10-107

[Page 295] (12) HA (a) HA Chitty 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/3.76*10+0.5)/10 GA HA (cm ) 12 3.6 0.7 2.4 2.8 4.6 5.1 13 5.3 0.9 3.7 4.2 6.5 7.1 14 7.2 1.1 5.3 5.9 8.7 9.4 15 9.4 1.3 7.2 7.9 11.1 12.0 16 11.9 1.5 9.3 10.1 13.9 14.8 17 14.6 1.7 11.6 12.5 16.8 17.9 18 17.5 1.9 14.1 15.1 20.0 21.2 19 20.6 2.1 16.8 18.0 23.4 24.7 20 23.9 2.3 19.7 21.0 26.9 28.5 21 27.3 2.6 22.7 24.1 30.7 32.3 22 30.9 2.8 25.8 27.4 34.6 36.4 23 34.6 3.0 29.1 30.8 38.6 40.5 24 38.4 3.3 32.4 34.3 42.7 44.8 25 42.2 3.5 35.9 37.8 46.8 49.1 26 46.1 3.8 39.3 41.4 51.1 53.5 27 50.1 4.0 42.8 45.1 55.3 57.9 28 54.0 4.3 46.3 48.7 59.6 62.3 29 57.9 4.5 49.8 52.3 63.8 66.7 30 61.8 4.7 53.2 55.9 68.0 71.0 31 65.6 5.0 56.6 59.4 72.1 75.3 32 69.3 5.2 59.8 62.8 76.2 79.5 33 72.9 5.5 63.0 66.1 80.1 83.5 34 76.4 5.7 66.0 69.2 83.8 87.4 35 79.6 5.9 68.9 72.2 87.4 91.2 36 82.7 6.1 71.6 75.1 90.8 94.7 37 85.6 6.4 74.1 77.7 94.0 98.1 38 88.3 6.6 76.4 80.1 97.0 101.2 39 90.7 6.8 78.4 82.2 99.7 104.0 40 92.9 7.0 80.2 84.1 102.1 106.5 41 94.8 7.2 81.8 85.8 104.2 108.8 42 96.3 7.4 83.0 87.1 106.0 110.7 10-108

[Page 296] (13) HC (a) HC ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 11w0d 59.0 7.5 44.0 74.0 12w0d 70.0 7.5 55.0 85.0 13w0d 84.0 7.5 69.0 99.0 14w0d 96.0 7.5 81.0 111.0 15w0d 108.0 7.5 93.0 123.0 16w0d 128.0 7.5 113.0 143.0 17w0d 141.0 10.0 126.0 156.0 18w0d 151.0 10.0 131.0 171.0 19w0d 160.0 10.0 140.0 180.0 20w0d 170.0 10.0 150.0 190.0 21w0d 176.0 10.0 156.0 196.0 22w0d 188.0 10.0 168.0 208.0 23w0d 210.0 10.0 190.0 230.0 24w0d 220.0 10.0 200.0 240.0 25w0d 231.0 10.0 211.0 251.0 26w0d 238.0 10.0 218.0 258.0 27w0d 250.0 10.0 230.0 270.0 28w0d 263.0 12.5 243.0 283.0 29w0d 269.0 12.5 244.0 294.0 30w0d 274.0 12.5 249.0 299.0 31w0d 284.0 12.5 259.0 309.0 32w0d 288.0 12.5 263.0 313.0 33w0d 300.0 12.5 275.0 325.0 34w0d 305.0 12.5 280.0 330.0 35w0d 310.0 12.5 285.0 335.0 36w0d 317.0 12.5 292.0 342.0 37w0d 321.0 12.5 296.0 346.0 38w0d 328.0 12.5 303.0 353.0 39w0d 336.0 12.5 311.0 361.0 40w0d 340.0 12.5 315.0 365.0 41w0d 344.0 12.5 319.0 369.0 10-109

[Page 297] (b) HC BMUS (drvd) BMUS: Charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice. February 2007 HC=-109.7+15.16*GA-0.002388*GA^3 1SD=3.913+0.2329*GA 12 68.1 6.7 57.1 79.1 13 82.1 6.9 70.7 93.6 14 96.0 7.2 84.2 107.8 15 109.6 7.4 97.5 121.8 16 123.1 7.6 110.5 135.6 17 136.3 7.9 123.3 149.2 18 149.3 8.1 135.9 162.6 19 162.0 8.3 148.2 175.7 20 174.4 8.6 160.3 188.5 21 186.5 8.8 172.1 201.0 22 198.4 9.0 183.5 213.3 23 209.9 9.3 194.7 225.2 24 221.1 9.5 205.5 236.8 25 232.0 9.7 216.0 248.0 26 242.5 10.0 226.1 258.9 27 252.6 10.2 235.8 269.4 28 262.4 10.4 245.2 279.5 29 271.7 10.7 254.2 289.2 30 280.6 10.9 262.7 298.6 31 289.1 11.1 270.8 307.4 32 297.2 11.4 278.5 315.9 33 304.8 11.6 285.7 323.8 34 311.9 11.8 292.4 331.3 35 318.5 12.1 298.7 338.4 36 324.6 12.3 304.4 344.9 37 330.3 12.5 309.6 350.9 38 335.3 12.8 314.4 356.3 39 339.9 13.0 318.5 361.3 40 343.9 13.2 322.1 365.6 41 347.3 13.5 325.1 369.4 42 350.1 13.7 327.6 372.6 43 352.3 13.9 329.4 375.2 44 353.9 14.2 330.6 377.2 45 354.9 14.4 331.2 378.6 10-110

[Page 298] (c) HC Chitty (drvd) HC=-109.7+15.16*GA-0.002388*GA^3 1SD=3.913+0.2329*GA 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) 12 68.1 6.7 55.5 59.5 76.7 80.7 13 82.1 6.9 69.1 73.2 91.0 95.2 14 96.0 7.2 82.5 86.8 105.2 109.5 15 109.6 7.4 95.7 100.2 119.1 123.6 16 123.1 7.6 108.7 113.3 132.9 137.4 17 136.3 7.9 121.5 126.2 146.4 151.1 18 149.3 8.1 134.0 138.9 159.6 164.5 19 162.0 8.3 146.3 151.3 172.6 177.6 20 174.4 8.6 158.3 163.4 185.4 190.5 21 186.5 8.8 170.0 175.3 197.8 203.1 22 198.4 9.0 181.4 186.8 210.0 215.4 23 209.9 9.3 192.5 198.1 221.8 227.4 24 221.1 9.5 203.3 209.0 233.3 239.0 25 232.0 9.7 213.7 219.5 244.4 250.3 26 242.5 10.0 223.7 229.7 255.2 261.2 27 252.6 10.2 233.4 239.6 265.7 271.8 28 262.4 10.4 242.7 249.0 275.7 282.0 29 271.7 10.7 251.6 258.0 285.4 291.8 30 280.6 10.9 260.1 266.7 294.6 301.1 31 289.1 11.1 268.2 274.9 303.4 310.0 32 297.2 11.4 275.8 282.6 311.7 318.5 33 304.8 11.6 283.0 289.9 319.6 326.6 34 311.9 11.8 289.6 296.7 327.0 334.1 35 318.5 12.1 295.8 303.1 334.0 341.2 36 324.6 12.3 301.5 308.9 340.4 347.8 37 330.3 12.5 306.7 314.2 346.3 353.8 38 335.3 12.8 311.4 319.0 351.7 359.3 39 339.9 13.0 315.5 323.3 356.5 364.3 40 343.9 13.2 319.0 326.9 360.8 368.7 41 347.3 13.5 322.0 330.0 364.5 372.6 42 350.1 13.7 324.4 332.6 367.6 375.8 43 352.3 13.9 326.1 334.5 370.1 378.5 44 353.9 14.2 327.3 335.8 372.0 380.5 45 354.9 14.4 327.8 336.5 373.3 382.0 10-111

[Page 299] (d) HC Chitty (pltd) HC=-109.9+15.29*GA-0.002378*GA^3 1SD=3.644+0.2311*GA 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) 12 69.5 6.4 57.4 61.3 77.7 81.5 13 83.6 6.6 71.1 75.1 92.2 96.1 14 97.6 6.9 84.7 88.8 106.4 110.6 15 111.4 7.1 98.1 102.3 120.5 124.8 16 125.0 7.3 111.2 115.6 134.4 138.8 17 138.3 7.6 124.1 128.7 148.0 152.6 18 151.5 7.8 136.8 141.5 161.4 166.1 19 164.3 8.0 149.2 154.0 174.6 179.4 20 176.9 8.3 161.3 166.3 187.5 192.4 21 189.2 8.5 173.2 178.3 200.0 205.1 22 201.2 8.7 184.8 190.0 212.3 217.6 23 212.8 9.0 196.0 201.4 224.3 229.7 24 224.2 9.2 206.9 212.4 236.0 241.5 25 235.2 9.4 217.5 223.1 247.3 252.9 26 245.8 9.7 227.7 233.5 258.2 264.0 27 256.1 9.9 237.5 243.5 268.8 274.7 28 266.0 10.1 247.0 253.1 279.0 285.0 29 275.5 10.3 256.1 262.3 288.8 295.0 30 284.6 10.6 264.7 271.1 298.1 304.5 31 293.2 10.8 272.9 279.4 307.1 313.6 32 301.5 11.0 280.7 287.3 315.6 322.2 33 309.2 11.3 288.0 294.8 323.6 330.4 34 316.5 11.5 294.9 301.8 331.2 338.1 35 323.3 11.7 301.2 308.3 338.3 345.4 36 329.6 12.0 307.1 314.3 344.9 352.1 37 335.4 12.2 312.5 319.8 351.0 358.3 38 340.6 12.4 317.3 324.7 356.5 364.0 39 345.3 12.7 321.6 329.1 361.6 369.1 40 349.5 12.9 325.3 333.0 366.0 373.7 41 353.1 13.1 328.4 336.3 369.9 377.8 42 356.1 13.4 331.0 339.0 373.2 381.2 43 358.5 13.6 333.0 341.1 375.9 384.0 44 360.3 13.8 334.3 342.6 378.0 386.3 45 361.5 14.0 335.1 343.5 379.4 387.9 10-112

[Page 300] (e) HC Hadlock Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK: "Estimating fetal age: Computer- assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters" Radiology 152: 497-502.1984. HC=-11.48+1.56*GA-0.0002548*GA^3 1SD=1 cm Output : HC (cm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA HC (cm) 12 6.80 1.00 4.80 8.80 13 8.24 1.00 6.24 10.24 14 9.66 1.00 7.66 11.66 15 11.06 1.00 9.06 13.06 16 12.44 1.00 10.44 14.44 17 13.79 1.00 11.79 15.79 18 15.11 1.00 13.11 17.11 19 16.41 1.00 14.41 18.41 20 17.68 1.00 15.68 19.68 21 18.92 1.00 16.92 20.92 22 20.13 1.00 18.13 22.13 23 21.30 1.00 19.30 23.30 24 22.44 1.00 20.44 24.44 25 23.54 1.00 21.54 25.54 26 24.60 1.00 22.60 26.60 27 25.62 1.00 23.62 27.62 28 26.61 1.00 24.61 28.61 29 27.55 1.00 25.55 29.55 30 28.44 1.00 26.44 30.44 31 29.29 1.00 27.29 31.29 32 30.09 1.00 28.09 32.09 33 30.84 1.00 28.84 32.84 34 31.55 1.00 29.55 33.55 35 32.20 1.00 30.20 34.20 36 32.79 1.00 30.79 34.79 37 33.33 1.00 31.33 35.33 38 33.82 1.00 31.82 35.82 39 34.25 1.00 32.25 36.25 40 34.61 1.00 32.61 36.61 41 34.92 1.00 32.92 36.92 42 35.16 1.00 33.16 37.16 43 35.34 1.00 33.34 37.34 44 35.46 1.00 33.46 37.46 45 35.50 1.00 33.50 37.50 10-113

[Page 301] (f) HC Jeanty Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Bracken M., Cantraine F. "A longitudinal Study of fetal head biometry" American Journal of Perinatology; Volume1; Number; January 1984; pages 118-128 HC=-69.625+10.885*GA+0.147690*GA^2-0.0040496*GA^3 1SD=14.6694 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 10 (weeks) Output : HC (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 10 49.9 14.6694 25.6 74.3 11 62.6 14.6694 38.2 86.9 12 75.3 14.6694 50.9 99.6 13 87.9 14.6694 63.6 112.3 14 100.6 14.6694 76.2 125.0 15 113.2 14.6694 88.9 137.6 16 125.8 14.6694 101.4 150.1 17 138.2 14.6694 113.9 162.6 18 150.5 14.6694 126.2 174.9 19 162.7 14.6694 138.4 187.1 20 174.8 14.6694 150.4 199.1 21 186.6 14.6694 162.2 210.9 22 198.2 14.6694 173.9 222.6 23 209.6 14.6694 185.2 233.9 24 220.7 14.6694 196.4 245.1 25 231.5 14.6694 207.2 255.9 26 242.0 14.6694 217.7 266.4 27 252.2 14.6694 227.9 276.6 28 262.0 14.6694 237.7 286.4 29 271.5 14.6694 247.1 295.8 30 280.5 14.6694 256.2 304.9 31 289.1 14.6694 264.7 313.4 32 297.2 14.6694 272.9 321.6 33 304.9 14.6694 280.5 329.2 34 312.0 14.6694 287.7 336.4 35 318.6 14.6694 294.3 343.0 36 324.7 14.6694 300.4 349.1 37 330.2 14.6694 305.8 354.5 38 335.1 14.6694 310.7 359.4 39 339.3 14.6694 315.0 363.7 40 342.9 14.6694 318.6 367.3 41 345.8 14.6694 321.5 370.2 42 348.0 14.6694 323.7 372.4 43 349.5 14.6694 325.2 373.9 44 350.3 14.6694 325.9 374.6 45 350.3 14.6694 325.9 374.6 10-114

[Page 302] (g) HC Merz GA HC (mm) GA HC (mm) 12.5 92 7.3 80 104 27.5 268 9.4 253 284 13 96 7.3 84 108 28 273 9.4 258 289 13.5 101 7.3 89 113 28.5 278 9.4 263 294 14 106 7.6 94 119 29 283 9.4 268 299 14.5 112 7.3 100 124 29.5 288 9.4 272 303 15 118 7.6 105 130 30 292 9.4 277 308 15.5 124 7.9 111 137 30.5 297 9.7 281 313 16 130 7.9 117 143 31 301 9.7 285 317 16.5 136 7.9 123 149 31.5 305 9.7 289 321 17 143 7.9 130 156 32 309 9.7 293 325 17.5 149 7.9 136 162 32.5 313 9.7 297 329 18 155 7.9 142 168 33 316 10.0 300 333 18.5 162 8.2 148 175 33.5 320 10.0 303 336 19 168 7.9 155 181 34 323 10.0 307 340 19.5 174 8.2 161 188 34.5 326 10.0 310 343 20 181 8.2 167 194 35 329 10.0 313 346 20.5 187 8.5 173 201 35.5 332 10.3 315 349 21 193 8.2 180 207 36 335 10.3 318 352 21.5 200 8.5 186 214 36.5 337 10.3 320 354 22 206 8.5 192 220 37 339 10.3 322 356 22.5 212 8.5 198 226 37.5 341 10.6 324 359 23 218 8.5 204 232 38 343 10.6 326 361 23.5 224 8.5 210 238 38.5 345 10.6 327 362 24 230 8.5 216 244 39 346 10.6 329 364 24.5 236 8.8 221 250 39.5 348 10.6 330 365 25 241 8.8 227 256 40 349 10.6 331 366 25.5 247 9.1 232 262 40.5 349 10.6 332 367 26 253 8.8 238 267 41 350 10.9 332 368 26.5 258 9.1 243 273 41.5 350 11.2 332 369 27 263 9.1 248 278 10-115

[Page 303] (14) HL (a) HL ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 GA HL (mm) 11 8.0 1.50 5.0 11.0 12 9.0 1.00 7.0 11.0 13 11.0 1.50 8.0 14.0 14 14.0 2.00 10.0 18.0 15 17.0 2.75 11.5 22.5 16 21.0 2.00 17.0 25.0 17 25.0 2.50 20.0 30.0 18 27.0 2.75 21.5 32.5 19 29.0 2.50 24.0 34.0 20 31.0 2.50 26.0 36.0 21 32.0 3.00 26.0 38.0 22 35.0 3.00 29.0 41.0 23 38.0 2.00 34.0 42.0 24 40.0 3.00 34.0 46.0 25 43.0 2.50 38.0 48.0 26 44.0 2.00 40.0 48.0 27 47.0 2.00 43.0 51.0 28 50.0 2.50 45.0 55.0 29 51.0 2.50 46.0 56.0 30 52.0 2.50 47.0 57.0 31 54.0 2.50 49.0 59.0 32 56.0 2.50 51.0 61.0 33 57.0 3.00 51.0 63.0 34 59.0 2.75 53.5 64.5 35 60.0 3.00 54.0 66.0 36 62.0 2.50 57.0 67.0 37 63.0 3.00 57.0 69.0 38 64.0 3.00 58.0 70.0 39 65.0 2.75 59.5 70.5 40 66.0 3.00 60.0 72.0 41 68.0 3.00 62.0 74.0 10-116

[Page 304] (b) HL Jeanty Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Cantraine F., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Struyven J. "A longitudinal Study of fetal limb growth" American Journal of Perinatology; Volume 1; Number 2; January 1984; 136-141 HL=-16.24+0.76315*GA+0.1683*GA^2-0.0056212*GA^3+5.5666*GA^4*10^-5 1SD=2.47052 Output : HL (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA HL (mm) 12 8.6 2.5 4.5 12.7 13 11.4 2.5 7.3 15.5 14 14.1 2.5 10.0 18.2 15 16.9 2.5 12.8 21.0 16 19.7 2.5 15.6 23.8 17 22.4 2.5 18.3 26.5 18 25.1 2.5 21.0 29.2 19 27.7 2.5 23.6 31.8 20 30.3 2.5 26.2 34.4 21 32.8 2.5 28.7 36.9 22 35.2 2.5 31.1 39.3 23 37.5 2.5 33.4 41.6 24 39.8 2.5 35.7 43.9 25 41.9 2.5 37.8 46.0 26 44.0 2.5 39.9 48.1 27 46.0 2.5 41.9 50.1 28 47.9 2.5 43.8 52.0 29 49.7 2.5 45.6 53.8 30 51.4 2.5 47.3 55.5 31 53.1 2.5 49.0 57.2 32 54.7 2.5 50.6 58.8 33 56.2 2.5 52.1 60.3 34 57.7 2.5 53.6 61.8 35 59.2 2.5 55.1 63.3 36 60.6 2.5 56.5 64.7 37 62.0 2.5 57.9 66.1 38 63.4 2.5 59.3 67.5 39 64.8 2.5 60.7 68.9 40 66.3 2.5 62.2 70.4 41 67.8 2.5 63.7 71.9 42 69.4 2.5 65.3 73.5 43 71.1 2.5 67.0 75.2 44 73.0 2.5 68.9 77.1 45 74.9 2.5 70.8 79.0 10-117

[Page 305] (15) NB (a) NB Bunduki Bunduki, V., Ruano, R.; Miguelez, J., Yoshizaki, C.T., Kahhale, S., Zugaib, M., "Fetal nasal bone length: reference range and clinical application in ultrasound screening for trisomy 21", Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol., Vol. 21 No. 2, 2003, pages 156-160 NB=0.27*GA+1.41 1SD=1.13 (mm) Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 16 (weeks) Output : NB (mm) Input max : 24 (weeks) GA NB (mm) 16 5.73 1.13 3.87 7.59 17 6.00 1.13 4.14 7.86 18 6.27 1.13 4.41 8.13 19 6.54 1.13 4.68 8.40 20 6.81 1.13 4.95 8.67 21 7.08 1.13 5.22 8.94 22 7.35 1.13 5.49 9.21 23 7.62 1.13 5.76 9.48 24 7.89 1.13 6.03 9.75 10-118

[Page 306] (b) NB Sonek Sonek, J.D., McKenna, D., Webb, D., Croom, C., Nicolaides, K., "Nasal bone length throughout gestation: normal ranges based on 3537 fetal ultrasound measurements", Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol., Vol. 21 No. 2, 2003, pages 152-155. GA NB (mm) (weeks) Mean 1SD 2.5%tile 5%tile 95%tile 97.5%tile 11 2.3 0.58 1.3 1.4 3.3 3.4 12 2.8 0.73 1.7 1.8 4.2 4.3 13 3.1 0.7 2.2 2.3 4.6 4.8 14 3.8 0.85 2.2 2.5 5.3 5.7 15 4.3 0.82 2.8 3.0 5.7 6.0 16 4.7 0.85 3.2 3.4 6.2 6.2 17 5.3 0.79 3.7 4.0 6.6 6.9 18 5.7 0.82 4.0 4.3 7.0 7.3 19 6.3 0.88 4.6 5.0 7.9 8.2 20 6.7 0.94 5.0 5.2 8.3 8.6 21 7.1 1.03 5.1 5.6 9.0 9.3 22 7.5 1.06 5.6 5.8 9.3 10.2 23 7.9 0.97 6.0 6.4 9.6 9.9 24 8.3 0.97 6.6 6.8 10.0 10.3 25 8.5 1.28 6.3 6.5 10.7 10.8 26 8.9 1.06 6.8 7.4 10.9 11.3 27 9.2 1.16 7.0 7.5 11.3 11.6 28 9.8 1.37 7.2 7.6 12.1 13.4 29 9.8 1.25 7.2 7.7 11.8 12.3 30 10.0 1.43 7.3 7.9 12.6 13.2 31 10.4 1.34 7.9 8.2 12.6 13.2 32 10.5 1.52 8.1 8.6 13.6 13.7 33 10.8 1.25 8.6 8.7 12.8 13.0 34 10.9 1.12 9.0 9.1 12.8 13.5 35 11.0 1.7 7.5 8.5 14.1 15.0 36 10.8 1.52 7.3 7.8 12.8 13.6 37 11.4 1.76 8.4 8.7 14.5 15.0 38 11.7 1.95 9.2 9.3 15.7 16.6 39 10.9 1.46 9.1 9.2 14.0 14.8 40 12.1 1.25 10.3 10.4 14.5 14.7 10-119

[Page 307] (16) OFD (a) OFD ASUM Australian Society of Ultrasound Medicine (ASUM) – Policy statement Statement on normal ultrasonics fetal measurements (Revised May 2001) P28-P31 11 21.0 1.00 19.0 23.0 12 24.0 1.00 22.0 26.0 13 29.0 1.50 26.0 32.0 14 34.0 1.50 31.0 37.0 15 38.0 1.50 35.0 41.0 16 46.0 1.50 43.0 49.0 17 50.0 1.50 47.0 53.0 18 54.0 1.75 50.5 57.5 19 57.0 1.75 53.5 60.5 20 61.0 1.75 57.5 64.5 21 63.0 2.00 59.0 67.0 22 68.0 1.75 64.5 71.5 23 76.0 2.00 72.0 80.0 24 79.0 2.00 75.0 83.0 25 82.0 2.25 77.5 86.5 26 84.0 2.25 79.5 88.5 27 86.0 2.25 81.5 90.5 28 95.0 2.50 90.0 100.0 29 97.0 2.75 91.5 102.5 30 98.0 2.75 92.5 103.5 31 101.0 2.50 96.0 106.0 32 102.0 2.50 97.0 107.0 33 107.0 2.75 101.5 112.5 34 108.0 2.75 102.5 113.5 35 109.0 2.75 103.5 114.5 36 112.0 2.75 106.5 117.5 37 113.0 3.00 107.0 119.0 38 116.0 2.75 110.5 121.5 39 119.0 3.00 113.0 125.0 40 120.0 3.00 114.0 126.0 41 122.0 3.00 116.0 128.0 10-120

[Page 308] (17) TAD (a) TAD CFEF Biometry 2000. Fetal growth charts by the Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale (CFEF; the "French College of Fetal Ultrasonography") and INSERM U 155. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2000 Jun; 28 (6): 435-45 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/3.76*10+0.5)/10 GA TAD (mm) (w d) Mean 1SD 3%tile 97%tile 11w0d 14 1.9 10 17 12w0d 17 2.1 13 21 13w0d 21 2.7 16 26 14w0d 24 2.9 19 30 15w0d 28 3.2 22 34 16w0d 31 3.2 25 37 17w0d 35 3.5 28 41 18w0d 38 3.5 32 45 19w0d 42 3.7 35 49 20w0d 45 3.7 38 52 21w0d 48 4.0 41 56 22w0d 52 4.0 44 59 23w0d 55 4.0 47 62 24w0d 58 4.3 50 66 25w0d 61 4.3 53 69 26w0d 64 4.8 55 73 27w0d 67 4.8 58 76 28w0d 70 5.3 60 80 29w0d 73 5.3 63 83 30w0d 76 5.6 66 87 31w0d 79 5.9 68 90 32w0d 82 5.9 71 93 33w0d 85 6.4 73 97 34w0d 88 6.6 75 100 35w0d 90 6.9 77 103 36w0d 92 7.4 78 106 37w0d 95 8.0 80 110 38w0d 97 8.5 81 113 39w0d 99 9.3 82 117 40w0d 102 10.1 83 121 41w0d 103 10.6 83 123 10-121

[Page 309] (18) TIB (a) TIB Jeanty Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Cantraine F., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Struyven J. "A longitudinal Study of fetal limb growth" American Journal of Perinatology; Volume 1; Number 2; January 1984; 136-141 TIB=-5.555-0.91554*GA+0.23359*GA^2-6.387*GA^3*10^-3+5.5801*GA^44 *10^-5 1SD=2.60452 Output : TIB (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA TIB (mm) 12 7.2 2.60452 2.9 11.5 13 9.6 2.60452 5.3 13.9 14 12.0 2.60452 7.7 16.4 15 14.5 2.60452 10.2 18.9 16 17.1 2.60452 12.8 21.4 17 19.7 2.60452 15.3 24.0 18 22.3 2.60452 17.9 26.6 19 24.8 2.60452 20.5 29.2 20 27.4 2.60452 23.1 31.7 21 29.9 2.60452 25.6 34.3 22 32.4 2.60452 28.1 36.7 23 34.9 2.60452 30.5 39.2 24 37.2 2.60452 32.9 41.6 25 39.6 2.60452 35.2 43.9 26 41.8 2.60452 37.5 46.1 27 44.0 2.60452 39.6 48.3 28 46.0 2.60452 41.7 50.4 29 48.0 2.60452 43.7 52.4 30 50.0 2.60452 45.6 54.3 31 51.8 2.60452 47.5 56.1 32 53.6 2.60452 49.2 57.9 33 55.3 2.60452 50.9 59.6 34 56.9 2.60452 52.6 61.2 35 58.4 2.60452 54.1 62.8 36 60.0 2.60452 55.6 64.3 37 61.4 2.60452 57.1 65.7 38 62.8 2.60452 58.5 67.2 39 64.3 2.60452 59.9 68.6 40 65.6 2.60452 61.3 70.0 41 67.1 2.60452 62.7 71.4 42 68.5 2.60452 64.2 72.8 43 69.9 2.60452 65.6 74.3 44 71.5 2.60452 67.1 75.8 45 73.1 2.60452 68.7 77.4 10-122

[Page 310] (19) Ulna (a) Ulna Jeanty Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Cantraine F., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Struyven J. "A longitudinal Study of fetal limb growth" American Journal of Perinatology; Volume 1; Number 2; January 1984; 136-141 Ulna=-34.313+3.8685*GA-0.036949*GA^2 1SD=2.57599 Output : Ulna (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45weeks) GA Ulna (mm) 12 6.8 2.57599 2.5 11.1 13 9.7 2.57599 5.5 14.0 14 12.6 2.57599 8.3 16.9 15 15.4 2.57599 11.1 19.7 16 18.1 2.57599 13.8 22.4 17 20.8 2.57599 16.5 25.0 18 23.3 2.57599 19.1 27.6 19 25.8 2.57599 21.6 30.1 20 28.3 2.57599 24.0 32.6 21 30.6 2.57599 26.4 34.9 22 32.9 2.57599 28.6 37.2 23 35.1 2.57599 30.8 39.4 24 37.2 2.57599 33.0 41.5 25 39.3 2.57599 35.0 43.6 26 41.3 2.57599 37.0 45.6 27 43.2 2.57599 38.9 47.5 28 45.0 2.57599 40.8 49.3 29 46.8 2.57599 42.5 51.1 30 48.5 2.57599 44.2 52.8 31 50.1 2.57599 45.8 54.4 32 51.6 2.57599 47.4 55.9 33 53.1 2.57599 48.8 57.4 34 54.5 2.57599 50.2 58.8 35 55.8 2.57599 51.5 60.1 36 57.1 2.57599 52.8 61.3 37 58.2 2.57599 54.0 62.5 38 59.3 2.57599 55.1 63.6 39 60.4 2.57599 56.1 64.6 40 61.3 2.57599 57.0 65.6 41 62.2 2.57599 57.9 66.5 42 63.0 2.57599 58.7 67.3 43 63.7 2.57599 59.4 68.0 44 64.4 2.57599 60.1 68.6 45 64.9 2.57599 60.7 69.2 10-123

[Page 311] (20) EFW (a) EFW Brenner Brenner W.E., Edelman D.A., Hendricks C.H.. "A standard of fetal growth for the United States of America" American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; November 1; 1976; pp. 555-564 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/2.56+0.5) (weeks) Mean 1SD 10%tile 90%tile 21 410 227 280 860 22 480 234 320 920 23 550 242 370 990 24 640 258 420 1080 25 740 270 490 1180 26 860 293 570 1320 27 990 316 660 1470 28 1150 348 770 1660 29 1310 391 890 1890 30 1460 418 1030 2100 31 1630 434 1180 2290 32 1810 465 1310 2500 33 2010 473 1480 2690 34 2220 473 1670 2880 35 2430 477 1870 3090 36 2650 430 2190 3290 37 2870 453 2310 3470 38 3030 430 2510 3610 39 3170 418 2680 3750 40 3280 438 2750 3870 41 3360 461 2800 3980 42 3410 480 2830 4060 43 3420 492 2840 4100 44 3390 516 2790 4110 10-124

[Page 312] (b) EFW Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 (weeks) Mean 20w0d 61 21w0d 178 22w0d 312 23w0d 463 24w0d 624 25w0d 795 26w0d 984 27w0d 1177 28w0d 1378 29w0d 1582 30w0d 1795 31w0d 2009 32w0d 2222 33w0d 2437 34w0d 2644 35w0d 2858 36w0d 3049 37w0d 3233 38w0d 3396 39w0d 3553 40w0d 3711 40w2d 3750 10-125

[Page 313] (c) EFW JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 EFW=-2.8910*10^3+7.0733*10*GA-6.7477*10^-1*GA^2+2.9753*10^-3*GA^3 -4.2632*10^-6*GA^4 1SD=-74.0+2.09*10^-1*GA+4.90*10^-3*GA^2 Input : GA (days) Input min : 126 days (18 weeks) Output : EFW (g) Input max : 287 days (41 weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (weeks) Mean 1SD -2SD -1.5SD +1.5SD +2SD 18 186 30 126 141 231 246 19 246 40 165 186 307 327 20 313 51 210 236 390 415 21 386 63 261 292 480 511 22 468 74 319 356 579 617 23 559 87 385 429 689 732 24 659 99 460 510 808 858 25 770 113 545 601 939 995 26 891 126 638 701 1080 1143 27 1021 141 740 811 1232 1302 28 1162 155 851 929 1395 1472 29 1311 170 970 1056 1567 1652 30 1469 186 1097 1190 1748 1841 31 1633 202 1229 1330 1936 2037 32 1803 219 1366 1475 2131 2241 33 1978 236 1506 1624 2331 2449 34 2154 253 1647 1774 2534 2661 35 2330 271 1788 1923 2737 2873 36 2504 290 1925 2070 2939 3084 37 2674 309 2056 2210 3137 3291 38 2835 328 2178 2343 3327 3492 39 2986 348 2289 2463 3508 3682 40 3122 369 2385 2569 3675 3859 41 3241 390 2462 2656 3825 4020 42 3338 411 2516 2721 3954 4160 43 3409 433 2544 2760 4059 4275 44 3451 455 2540 2768 4134 4361 45 3458 478 2502 2741 4175 4414 10-126

[Page 314] (d) EFW Persson Marsal K, Persson P, Larsen T, Lilja H, Selbing A, Sultan B; "Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights" Acta Paediatr 1996: 85: 843-848 EFW=-2.278843*10^-6*GA^4+1.402168*10^-3*GA^3-0.2008726*GA^2 +9.284121*GA-41.2595 ±2SD=Mean±Mean*0.24 1SD=2SD/2 Input : GA (days) Input min : 75 (days) Output : EFW (g) Input max : 300 (days) (Extrapolated on 315 days) GA EFW (g) GA EFW (g) (days) Mean 1SD -2SD +2SD (days) Mean 1SD -2SD +2SD 75 45 5 35 55 200 1352 162 1028 1676 80 40 5 30 50 205 1476 177 1122 1830 85 39 5 29 49 210 1603 192 1219 1987 90 40 5 30 50 215 1735 208 1319 2151 95 44 5 34 54 220 1871 225 1421 2321 100 53 6 41 65 225 2010 241 1528 2492 105 65 8 49 81 230 2151 258 1635 2667 110 82 10 62 102 235 2294 275 1744 2844 115 104 12 80 128 240 2440 293 1854 3026 120 131 16 99 163 245 2586 310 1966 3206 125 163 20 123 203 250 2732 328 2076 3388 130 201 24 153 249 255 2879 345 2189 3569 135 244 29 186 302 260 3024 363 2298 3750 140 294 35 224 364 265 3168 380 2408 3928 145 349 42 265 433 270 3310 397 2516 4104 150 410 49 312 508 275 3449 414 2621 4277 155 478 57 364 592 280 3583 430 2723 4443 160 552 66 420 684 285 3713 446 2821 4605 165 631 76 479 783 290 3837 460 2917 4757 170 717 86 545 889 295 3955 475 3005 4905 175 809 97 615 1003 300 4065 488 3089 5041 180 907 109 689 1125 305 4167 500 3167 5167 185 1010 121 768 1252 310 4259 511 3237 5281 190 1119 134 851 1387 315 4341 521 3299 5383 195 1233 148 937 1529 10-127

[Page 315] (e) EFW Williams Ronald Williams, Robert Creasy, et al ; "Fetal Growth and Perinatal Viability in California." Obstetric & Gynecology Vol. 59, NO. 5, May 1982 The weight values of this table are arithmetic mean values of the male- and female values from the reference. Separated male/female weight values are not supported by the system. 1SD=INT((UpperLimt-LowerLimit)/2.56*10+0.5)/10 (weeks) Mean 1SD 10%tile 90%tile 22 513 166 320 746 23 589 194 365 861 24 675 223 417 989 25 773 256 477 1132 26 882 290 546 1289 27 1005 327 627 1463 28 1143 364 720 1653 29 1298 402 829 1859 30 1484 461 955 2136 31 1695 509 1100 2402 32 1920 543 1284 2673 33 2155 551 1499 2910 34 2394 548 1728 3132 35 2628 531 1974 3333 36 2849 507 2224 3521 37 3052 489 2455 3706 38 3227 479 2642 3867 39 3364 470 2790 3994 40 3462 468 2881 4080 41 3524 461 2946 4127 42 3589 459 3011 4185 43 3626 460 3044 4221 44 3633 465 3043 4233 45 3611 475 3009 4224 10-128

[Page 316] 10.3 Identical Chart (1) AC (a) AC BMUS (drvd) BMUS: Charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice. February 2007 AC=-85.84+11.92*GA-0.0007902*GA^3 1SD=-3.080+0.6018*GA 12 55.8 4.1 49.0 62.6 13 67.4 4.7 59.6 75.2 14 78.9 5.3 70.1 87.7 15 90.3 5.9 80.5 100.1 16 101.6 6.5 90.9 112.4 17 112.9 7.2 101.2 124.7 18 124.1 7.8 111.4 136.9 19 135.2 8.4 121.5 149.0 20 146.2 9.0 131.5 161.0 21 157.2 9.6 141.4 172.9 22 168.0 10.2 151.3 184.7 23 178.7 10.8 161.0 196.4 24 189.3 11.4 170.6 208.0 25 199.8 12.0 180.1 219.5 26 210.2 12.6 189.5 230.9 27 220.4 13.2 198.8 242.1 28 230.6 13.8 207.9 253.2 29 240.6 14.4 216.9 264.2 30 250.4 15.0 225.8 275.1 31 260.1 15.6 234.5 285.8 32 269.7 16.2 243.1 296.3 33 279.1 16.8 251.5 306.7 34 288.4 17.4 259.8 317.0 35 297.5 18.0 267.9 327.1 36 306.4 18.6 275.8 337.0 37 315.2 19.2 283.6 346.7 38 323.8 19.8 291.2 356.3 39 332.2 20.4 298.6 365.7 40 340.4 21.0 305.9 374.9 41 348.4 21.6 312.9 383.9 42 356.3 22.2 319.7 392.8 43 363.9 22.8 326.4 401.4 44 371.3 23.4 332.8 409.8 45 378.6 24.0 339.1 418.0 10-129

[Page 317] (b) AC CFEF French fetal biometry: reference equations and comparison with other charts L.j.SALOMON, M.DUYME, J.CREQUAT, G.BRODATY, C.TALMANT, N.FRIES and M.ALTHUSER Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (in press) AC=42.7794-2.7882*GA+0.5715*GA^2-0.008*GA^3 1SD=-2.3658+0.6459*GA Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 15 (weeks) Output : AC (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 15 102.5 7.3 90.5 114.6 16 111.7 8.0 98.6 124.8 17 121.2 8.6 107.1 135.4 18 131.1 9.3 115.9 146.3 19 141.2 9.9 124.9 157.5 20 151.6 10.6 134.3 169.0 21 162.2 11.2 143.7 180.6 22 172.9 11.8 153.4 192.3 23 183.6 12.5 163.1 204.2 24 194.5 13.1 172.8 216.1 25 205.3 13.8 182.6 227.9 26 216.0 14.4 192.3 239.7 27 226.7 15.1 201.9 251.5 28 237.1 15.7 211.3 263.0 29 247.4 16.4 220.5 274.4 30 257.5 17.0 229.5 285.5 31 267.2 17.7 238.2 296.3 32 276.6 18.3 246.5 306.7 33 285.6 18.9 254.5 316.8 34 294.2 19.6 262.0 326.4 35 302.3 20.2 269.0 335.6 36 309.8 20.9 275.5 344.2 37 316.8 21.5 281.4 352.2 38 323.1 22.2 286.6 359.6 39 328.7 22.8 291.2 366.3 40 333.7 23.5 295.0 372.3 41 337.8 24.1 298.1 377.5 42 341.1 24.8 300.4 381.8 43 343.5 25.4 301.7 385.3 44 345.1 26.1 302.2 387.9 45 345.6 26.7 301.7 389.5 10-130

[Page 318] (c) AC Chitty (drvd) Chitty, L.S., Altman, D.G., "Charts of Fetal Size: 3. Abdominal Measurements", British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, February 1994, vol. 101, pp. 125-131 AC=-85.84+11.92*GA-0.0007902*GA^3 1SD=-3.080+0.6018*GA 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) 12 55.8 4.1 48.0 50.5 61.1 63.6 13 67.4 4.7 58.5 61.3 73.5 76.3 14 78.9 5.3 68.8 72.0 85.7 88.9 15 90.3 5.9 79.1 82.7 97.9 101.5 16 101.6 6.5 89.3 93.3 110.0 114.0 17 112.9 7.2 99.5 103.8 122.1 126.4 18 124.1 7.8 109.5 114.2 134.0 138.7 19 135.2 8.4 119.5 124.5 145.9 150.9 20 146.2 9.0 129.4 134.8 157.7 163.1 21 157.2 9.6 139.2 144.9 169.4 175.1 22 168.0 10.2 148.9 155.0 181.0 187.1 23 178.7 10.8 158.5 164.9 192.5 198.9 24 189.3 11.4 168.0 174.8 203.9 210.7 25 199.8 12.0 177.3 184.5 215.1 222.3 26 210.2 12.6 186.6 194.1 226.3 233.8 27 220.4 13.2 195.7 203.6 237.3 245.2 28 230.6 13.8 204.7 212.9 248.2 256.5 29 240.6 14.4 213.5 222.2 259.0 267.6 30 250.4 15.0 222.3 231.3 269.6 278.6 31 260.1 15.6 230.9 240.2 280.1 289.4 32 269.7 16.2 239.3 249.0 290.4 300.1 33 279.1 16.8 247.6 257.6 300.6 310.7 34 288.4 17.4 255.7 266.1 310.6 321.1 35 297.5 18.0 263.7 274.5 320.5 331.3 36 306.4 18.6 271.5 282.6 330.2 341.4 37 315.2 19.2 279.1 290.6 339.7 351.2 38 323.8 19.8 286.6 298.4 349.1 361.0 39 332.2 20.4 293.8 306.1 358.3 370.5 40 340.4 21.0 300.9 313.5 367.3 379.9 41 348.4 21.6 307.8 320.8 376.1 389.0 42 356.3 22.2 314.5 327.8 384.7 398.0 43 363.9 22.8 321.0 334.7 393.1 406.8 44 371.3 23.4 327.3 341.4 401.3 415.3 45 378.6 24.0 333.4 347.8 409.3 423.7 10-131

[Page 319] (d) AC Chitty (pltd) Chitty, L.S., Altman, D.G., "Charts of Fetal Size: 3. Abdominal Measurements", British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, February 1994, vol. 101, pp. 125-131 AC=-87.05+12.28*GA-0.0008088*GA^3 1SD=0.4930+0.4576*GA 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) 12 58.9 6.0 47.7 51.3 66.6 70.2 13 70.8 6.4 58.7 62.6 79.1 82.9 14 82.7 6.9 69.7 73.8 91.5 95.6 15 94.4 7.4 80.6 85.0 103.8 108.3 16 106.1 7.8 91.4 96.1 116.1 120.8 17 117.7 8.3 102.2 107.1 128.3 133.3 18 129.3 8.7 112.9 118.1 140.4 145.7 19 140.7 9.2 123.5 129.0 152.5 158.0 20 152.1 9.6 133.9 139.7 164.4 170.2 21 163.3 10.1 144.3 150.4 176.3 182.3 22 174.5 10.6 154.6 161.0 188.0 194.4 23 185.5 11.0 164.8 171.4 199.7 206.3 24 196.5 11.5 174.9 181.8 211.2 218.1 25 207.3 11.9 184.9 192.0 222.6 229.7 26 218.0 12.4 194.7 202.2 233.9 241.3 27 228.6 12.8 204.4 212.1 245.0 252.7 28 239.0 13.3 214.0 222.0 256.1 264.1 29 249.3 13.8 223.5 231.7 267.0 275.2 30 259.5 14.2 232.8 241.3 277.7 286.2 31 269.5 14.7 241.9 250.7 288.3 297.1 32 279.4 15.1 251.0 260.0 298.8 307.9 33 289.1 15.6 259.8 269.2 309.1 318.4 34 298.7 16.1 268.5 278.1 319.2 328.9 35 308.1 16.5 277.0 286.9 329.2 339.1 36 317.3 17.0 285.4 295.6 339.0 349.2 37 326.3 17.4 293.6 304.0 348.6 359.1 38 335.2 17.9 301.6 312.3 358.1 368.8 39 343.9 18.3 309.4 320.4 367.4 378.4 40 352.4 18.8 317.0 328.3 376.4 387.7 41 360.7 19.3 324.5 336.0 385.3 396.9 42 368.8 19.7 331.7 343.6 394.0 405.8 43 376.7 20.2 338.8 350.9 402.5 414.6 44 384.4 20.6 345.6 358.0 410.8 423.2 45 391.8 21.1 352.2 364.9 418.8 431.5 10-132

[Page 320] (e) AC Jeanty Jeanty P, Cousaert E. Cantraine F: "Normal growth of the abdominal perimeter" Am J Perinatal 1: 179, 1984 AC=-29.055+3.9388*GA+0.33897*GA^2-0.0055459*GA^3 1SD=13.44 mm Output : AC (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 57.4 13.44 35.1 79.7 13 67.3 13.44 44.9 89.6 14 77.3 13.44 55.0 99.6 15 87.6 13.44 65.3 109.9 16 98.0 13.44 75.7 120.3 17 108.6 13.44 86.3 130.9 18 119.3 13.44 97.0 141.6 19 130.1 13.44 107.8 152.4 20 140.9 13.44 118.6 163.3 21 151.8 13.44 129.5 174.1 22 162.6 13.44 140.3 184.9 23 173.4 13.44 151.1 195.7 24 184.1 13.44 161.7 206.4 25 194.6 13.44 172.3 216.9 26 205.0 13.44 182.7 227.3 27 215.2 13.44 192.9 237.6 28 225.2 13.44 202.9 247.6 29 235.0 13.44 212.7 257.3 30 244.4 13.44 222.1 266.8 31 253.6 13.44 231.3 275.9 32 262.4 13.44 240.1 284.7 33 270.8 13.44 248.5 293.1 34 278.7 13.44 256.4 301.0 35 286.3 13.44 264.0 308.6 36 293.3 13.44 271.0 315.6 37 299.8 13.44 277.5 322.1 38 305.8 13.44 283.5 328.1 39 311.2 13.44 288.8 333.5 40 315.9 13.44 293.6 338.2 41 320.0 13.44 297.7 342.3 42 323.4 13.44 301.1 345.7 43 326.1 13.44 303.8 348.4 44 328.1 13.44 305.8 350.4 45 329.2 13.44 306.9 351.5 10-133

[Page 321] (f) AC Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 AC=Power(10,(1.3257977+0.0552337*GA-0.0006146*GA^2))-9 5%-95%tile=Power(10,(Mean±1.645*0.02947))-9 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : AC (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45weeks) 14 86.2 6.5 76.1 97.4 15 94.8 7.1 83.8 107.0 16 103.8 7.7 91.9 117.1 17 113.2 8.3 100.3 127.7 18 123.1 9.0 109.1 138.7 19 133.4 9.7 118.3 150.2 20 144.0 10.4 127.8 162.0 21 154.9 11.1 137.6 174.3 22 166.2 11.9 147.7 186.9 23 177.7 12.7 157.9 199.7 24 189.3 13.5 168.4 212.8 25 201.1 14.3 178.9 226.0 26 213.0 15.1 189.6 239.2 27 224.9 15.9 200.2 252.5 28 236.8 16.7 210.8 265.8 29 248.5 17.5 221.3 278.9 30 259.9 18.3 231.5 291.7 31 271.2 19.1 241.6 304.2 32 282.0 19.8 251.3 316.4 33 292.4 20.5 260.6 328.0 34 302.4 21.2 269.5 339.1 35 311.7 21.8 277.8 349.6 36 320.4 22.4 285.6 359.3 37 328.3 22.9 292.7 368.2 38 335.5 23.4 299.1 376.2 39 341.8 23.9 304.8 383.3 40 347.3 24.2 309.6 389.3 41 351.8 24.5 313.7 394.4 42 355.3 24.8 316.8 398.3 43 357.8 24.9 319.1 401.1 44 359.3 25.0 320.4 402.8 45 359.8 25.1 320.8 403.3 10-134

[Page 322] (2) APAD (a) APAD Merz GA APAD (mm) GA APAD (mm) 12.5 19 2.4 15 23 27.5 70 3.6 64 76 13.0 21 2.4 17 25 28.0 72 4.0 65 78 13.5 23 2.7 18 27 28.5 73 4.0 67 80 14.0 24 2.4 20 28 29.0 75 4.0 68 81 14.5 26 2.4 22 30 29.5 76 4.0 70 83 15.0 28 2.7 23 32 30.0 78 4.3 71 85 15.5 29 2.7 25 34 30.5 79 4.0 73 86 16.0 31 2.7 27 36 31.0 81 4.3 74 88 16.5 33 2.7 28 37 31.5 82 4.0 76 89 17.0 35 2.7 30 39 32.0 84 4.3 77 91 17.5 36 2.7 32 41 32.5 85 4.6 78 93 18.0 38 3.0 33 43 33.0 87 4.3 80 94 18.5 40 3.0 35 45 33.5 88 4.6 81 96 19.0 42 3.0 37 47 34.0 90 4.3 83 97 19.5 43 3.0 38 48 34.5 91 4.6 84 99 20.0 45 3.0 40 50 35.0 93 4.6 85 100 20.5 47 3.0 42 52 35.5 94 4.6 87 102 21.0 48 3.3 43 54 36.0 96 4.6 88 103 21.5 50 3.0 45 55 36.5 97 4.9 89 105 22.0 52 3.3 46 57 37.0 98 4.9 90 106 22.5 54 3.3 48 59 37.5 100 4.6 92 107 23.0 55 3.3 50 61 38.0 101 4.9 93 109 23.5 57 3.6 51 63 38.5 102 4.9 94 110 24.0 59 3.3 53 64 39.0 103 4.9 95 111 24.5 60 3.6 54 66 39.5 105 5.2 96 113 25.0 62 3.6 56 68 40.0 106 5.2 97 114 25.5 63 3.6 57 69 40.5 107 5.2 98 115 26.0 65 3.6 59 71 41.0 108 5.2 99 116 26.5 67 3.6 61 73 41.5 109 5.2 100 117 27.0 68 4.0 62 75 10-135

[Page 323] (3) BPD (a) BPD CFEF French fetal biometry: reference equations and comparison with other charts L.j.SALOMON, M.DUYME, J.CREQUAT, G.BRODATY, C.TALMANT, N.FRIES and M.ALTHUSER Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (in press) BPD=31.2452-2.8466*GA+0.2577*GA^2-0.0037*GA^3 1SD=1.5022+0.0636*GA Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 15 (weeks) Output : BPD (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 15 34.0 2.5 30.0 38.1 16 36.5 2.5 32.4 40.7 17 39.2 2.6 34.9 43.4 18 41.9 2.6 37.6 46.3 19 44.8 2.7 40.4 49.3 20 47.8 2.8 43.2 52.4 21 50.8 2.8 46.2 55.5 22 53.9 2.9 49.2 58.7 23 57.1 3.0 52.2 62.0 24 60.2 3.0 55.2 65.2 25 63.3 3.1 58.2 68.4 26 66.4 3.2 61.2 71.6 27 69.4 3.2 64.1 74.7 28 72.4 3.3 67.0 77.8 29 75.2 3.3 69.7 80.7 30 77.9 3.4 72.3 83.5 31 80.4 3.5 74.7 86.1 32 82.8 3.5 77.0 88.6 33 85.0 3.6 79.1 90.9 34 86.9 3.7 80.9 93.0 35 88.7 3.7 82.5 94.8 36 90.1 3.8 83.9 96.4 37 91.3 3.9 85.0 97.6 38 92.2 3.9 85.7 98.6 39 92.7 4.0 86.2 99.3 40 92.9 4.0 86.2 99.6 41 92.7 4.1 86.0 99.5 42 92.1 4.2 85.3 99.0 43 91.2 4.2 84.2 98.1 44 89.7 4.3 82.6 96.8 45 87.8 4.4 80.6 95.0 10-136

[Page 324] (b) BPD Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 BPD=Power(10,(0.9446108+0.0509883*GA-0.0006097*GA^2))-5 5%-95%tile=Power(10,(Mean±1.645*0.02056))-5 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : BPD (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 14 29.6 1.6 27.0 32.4 15 32.3 1.8 29.5 35.4 16 35.2 1.9 32.2 38.5 17 38.2 2.0 34.9 41.7 18 41.2 2.2 37.8 45.0 19 44.3 2.3 40.7 48.3 20 47.5 2.5 43.6 51.8 21 50.8 2.6 46.6 55.3 22 54.1 2.8 49.6 58.8 23 57.3 3.0 52.7 62.4 24 60.6 3.1 55.7 66.0 25 63.9 3.3 58.7 69.5 26 67.1 3.4 61.7 73.0 27 70.3 3.6 64.7 76.4 28 73.4 3.7 67.5 79.7 29 76.4 3.9 70.3 83.0 30 79.2 4.0 72.9 86.1 31 82.0 4.1 75.4 89.0 32 84.5 4.2 77.8 91.8 33 86.9 4.4 80.0 94.3 34 89.1 4.5 82.0 96.7 35 91.0 4.5 83.8 98.8 36 92.7 4.6 85.4 100.6 37 94.2 4.7 86.8 102.2 38 95.4 4.8 87.9 103.5 39 96.3 4.8 88.8 104.6 40 97.0 4.8 89.4 105.3 41 97.4 4.8 89.7 105.7 42 97.5 4.8 89.8 105.8 43 97.3 4.8 89.6 105.6 44 96.8 4.8 89.2 105.0 45 96.0 4.7 88.5 104.2 10-137

[Page 325] (c) BPD Osaka Mineo Aoki, Motohiro Yamada Evaluation of fetal growth Obstetrics and gynecological treatment Vol. 47 No. 5 (1983: 11) (Extrapolated on 42 weeks) GA BPD (cm) GA BPD (cm) 10w0d 1.33 0.19 0.95 1.05 1.62 1.71 17w2d 3.96 0.26 3.44 3.57 4.35 4.48 10w1d 1.38 0.19 1.00 1.10 1.67 1.76 17w3d 4.01 0.26 3.49 3.62 4.40 4.53 10w2d 1.44 0.19 1.06 1.16 1.73 1.82 17w4d 4.05 0.26 3.53 3.66 4.44 4.57 10w3d 1.50 0.19 1.12 1.22 1.79 1.88 17w5d 4.10 0.27 3.56 3.70 4.51 4.64 10w4d 1.55 0.19 1.17 1.27 1.84 1.93 17w6d 4.15 0.27 3.61 3.75 4.56 4.69 10w5d 1.61 0.19 1.23 1.33 1.90 1.99 18w0d 4.20 0.27 3.66 3.80 4.61 4.74 10w6d 1.66 0.20 1.26 1.36 1.96 2.06 18w1d 4.24 0.27 3.70 3.84 4.65 4.78 11w0d 1.72 0.20 1.32 1.42 2.02 2.12 18w2d 4.29 0.27 3.75 3.89 4.70 4.83 11w1d 1.77 0.20 1.37 1.47 2.07 2.17 18w3d 4.34 0.27 3.80 3.94 4.75 4.88 11w2d 1.83 0.20 1.43 1.53 2.13 2.23 18w4d 4.39 0.27 3.85 3.99 4.80 4.93 11w3d 1.88 0.20 1.48 1.58 2.18 2.28 18w5d 4.43 0.27 3.89 4.03 4.84 4.97 11w4d 1.93 0.20 1.53 1.63 2.23 2.33 18w6d 4.48 0.28 3.92 4.06 4.90 5.04 11w5d 1.99 0.21 1.57 1.68 2.31 2.41 19w0d 4.53 0.28 3.97 4.11 4.95 5.09 11w6d 2.04 0.21 1.62 1.73 2.36 2.46 19w1d 4.57 0.28 4.01 4.15 4.99 5.13 12w0d 2.09 0.21 1.67 1.78 2.41 2.51 19w2d 4.62 0.28 4.06 4.20 5.04 5.18 12w1d 2.15 0.21 1.73 1.84 2.47 2.57 19w3d 4.67 0.28 4.11 4.25 5.09 5.23 12w2d 2.20 0.21 1.78 1.89 2.52 2.62 19w4d 4.71 0.28 4.15 4.29 5.13 5.27 12w3d 2.25 0.21 1.83 1.94 2.57 2.67 19w5d 4.76 0.28 4.20 4.34 5.18 5.32 12w4d 2.31 0.21 1.89 2.00 2.63 2.73 19w6d 4.80 0.28 4.24 4.38 5.22 5.36 12w5d 2.36 0.22 1.92 2.03 2.69 2.80 20w0d 4.85 0.29 4.27 4.42 5.29 5.43 12w6d 2.41 0.22 1.97 2.08 2.74 2.85 20w1d 4.90 0.29 4.32 4.47 5.34 5.48 13w0d 2.46 0.22 2.02 2.13 2.79 2.90 20w2d 4.94 0.29 4.36 4.51 5.38 5.52 13w1d 2.52 0.22 2.08 2.19 2.85 2.96 20w3d 4.99 0.29 4.41 4.56 5.43 5.57 13w2d 2.57 0.22 2.13 2.24 2.90 3.01 20w4d 5.03 0.29 4.45 4.60 5.47 5.61 13w3d 2.62 0.22 2.18 2.29 2.95 3.06 20w5d 5.08 0.29 4.50 4.65 5.52 5.66 13w4d 2.67 0.23 2.21 2.33 3.02 3.13 20w6d 5.12 0.29 4.54 4.69 5.56 5.70 13w5d 2.72 0.23 2.26 2.38 3.07 3.18 21w0d 5.17 0.29 4.59 4.74 5.61 5.75 13w6d 2.77 0.23 2.31 2.43 3.12 3.23 21w1d 5.21 0.29 4.63 4.78 5.65 5.79 14w0d 2.82 0.23 2.36 2.48 3.17 3.28 21w2d 5.26 0.30 4.66 4.81 5.71 5.86 14w1d 2.87 0.23 2.41 2.53 3.22 3.33 21w3d 5.30 0.30 4.70 4.85 5.75 5.90 14w2d 2.93 0.23 2.47 2.59 3.28 3.39 21w4d 5.35 0.30 4.75 4.90 5.80 5.95 14w3d 2.98 0.23 2.52 2.64 3.33 3.44 21w5d 5.39 0.30 4.79 4.94 5.84 5.99 14w4d 3.03 0.24 2.55 2.67 3.39 3.51 21w6d 5.44 0.30 4.84 4.99 5.89 6.04 14w5d 3.08 0.24 2.60 2.72 3.44 3.56 22w0d 5.48 0.30 4.88 5.03 5.93 6.08 14w6d 3.13 0.24 2.65 2.77 3.49 3.61 22w1d 5.52 0.30 4.92 5.07 5.97 6.12 15w0d 3.18 0.24 2.70 2.82 3.54 3.66 22w2d 5.57 0.30 4.97 5.12 6.02 6.17 15w1d 3.23 0.24 2.75 2.87 3.59 3.71 22w3d 5.61 0.30 5.01 5.16 6.06 6.21 15w2d 3.28 0.24 2.80 2.92 3.64 3.76 22w4d 5.66 0.31 5.04 5.20 6.13 6.28 15w3d 3.33 0.24 2.85 2.97 3.69 3.81 22w5d 5.70 0.31 5.08 5.24 6.17 6.32 15w4d 3.38 0.25 2.88 3.01 3.76 3.88 22w6d 5.74 0.31 5.12 5.28 6.21 6.36 15w5d 3.42 0.25 2.92 3.05 3.80 3.92 23w0d 5.79 0.31 5.17 5.33 6.26 6.41 15w6d 3.47 0.25 2.97 3.10 3.85 3.97 23w1d 5.83 0.31 5.21 5.37 6.30 6.45 16w0d 3.52 0.25 3.02 3.15 3.90 4.02 23w2d 5.87 0.31 5.25 5.41 6.34 6.49 16w1d 3.57 0.25 3.07 3.20 3.95 4.07 23w3d 5.92 0.31 5.30 5.46 6.39 6.54 16w2d 3.62 0.25 3.12 3.25 4.00 4.12 23w4d 5.96 0.31 5.34 5.50 6.43 6.58 16w3d 3.67 0.25 3.17 3.30 4.05 4.17 23w5d 6.00 0.31 5.38 5.54 6.47 6.62 16w4d 3.72 0.25 3.22 3.35 4.10 4.22 23w6d 6.05 0.32 5.41 5.57 6.53 6.69 16w5d 3.77 0.26 3.25 3.38 4.16 4.29 24w0d 6.09 0.32 5.45 5.61 6.57 6.73 16w6d 3.81 0.26 3.29 3.42 4.20 4.33 24w1d 6.13 0.32 5.49 5.65 6.61 6.77 17w0d 3.86 0.26 3.34 3.47 4.25 4.38 24w2d 6.17 0.32 5.53 5.69 6.65 6.81 17w1d 3.91 0.26 3.39 3.52 4.30 4.43 24w3d 6.22 0.32 5.58 5.74 6.70 6.86 10-138

[Page 326] GA BPD (cm) GA BPD (cm) 24w4d 6.26 0.32 5.62 5.78 6.74 6.90 33w3d 8.51 0.37 7.77 7.96 9.07 9.25 24w5d 6.30 0.32 5.66 5.82 6.78 6.94 33w4d 8.54 0.37 7.80 7.99 9.10 9.28 24w6d 6.34 0.32 5.70 5.86 6.82 6.98 33w5d 8.57 0.37 7.83 8.02 9.13 9.31 25w0d 6.39 0.32 5.75 5.91 6.87 7.03 33w6d 8.60 0.37 7.86 8.05 9.16 9.34 25w1d 6.43 0.32 5.79 5.95 6.91 7.07 34w0d 8.62 0.37 7.88 8.07 9.18 9.36 25w2d 6.47 0.33 5.81 5.98 6.97 7.13 34w1d 8.65 0.37 7.91 8.10 9.21 9.39 25w3d 6.51 0.33 5.85 6.02 7.01 7.17 34w2d 8.68 0.37 7.94 8.13 9.24 9.42 25w4d 6.55 0.33 5.89 6.06 7.05 7.21 34w3d 8.70 0.37 7.96 8.15 9.26 9.44 25w5d 6.59 0.33 5.93 6.10 7.09 7.25 34w4d 8.73 0.37 7.99 8.18 9.29 9.47 25w6d 6.63 0.33 5.97 6.14 7.13 7.29 34w5d 8.75 0.37 8.01 8.20 9.31 9.49 26w0d 6.67 0.33 6.01 6.18 7.17 7.33 34w6d 8.78 0.37 8.04 8.23 9.34 9.52 26w1d 6.71 0.33 6.05 6.22 7.21 7.37 35w0d 8.80 0.37 8.06 8.25 9.36 9.54 26w2d 6.75 0.33 6.09 6.26 7.25 7.41 35w1d 8.83 0.38 8.07 8.26 9.40 9.59 26w3d 6.80 0.33 6.14 6.31 7.30 7.46 35w2d 8.85 0.38 8.09 8.28 9.42 9.61 26w4d 6.84 0.33 6.18 6.35 7.34 7.50 35w3d 8.87 0.38 8.11 8.30 9.44 9.63 26w5d 6.88 0.33 6.22 6.39 7.38 7.54 35w4d 8.90 0.38 8.14 8.33 9.47 9.66 26w6d 6.92 0.34 6.24 6.41 7.43 7.60 35w5d 8.92 0.38 8.16 8.35 9.49 9.68 27w0d 6.95 0.34 6.27 6.44 7.46 7.63 35w6d 8.94 0.38 8.18 8.37 9.51 9.70 27w1d 6.99 0.34 6.31 6.48 7.50 7.67 36w0d 8.96 0.38 8.20 8.39 9.53 9.72 27w2d 7.03 0.34 6.35 6.52 7.54 7.71 36w1d 8.98 0.38 8.22 8.41 9.55 9.74 27w3d 7.07 0.34 6.39 6.56 7.58 7.75 36w2d 9.00 0.38 8.24 8.43 9.57 9.76 27w4d 7.11 0.34 6.43 6.60 7.62 7.79 36w3d 9.02 0.38 8.26 8.45 9.59 9.78 27w5d 7.15 0.34 6.47 6.64 7.66 7.83 36w4d 9.04 0.38 8.28 8.47 9.61 9.80 27w6d 7.19 0.34 6.51 6.68 7.70 7.87 36w5d 9.06 0.38 8.30 8.49 9.63 9.82 28w0d 7.23 0.34 6.55 6.72 7.74 7.91 36w6d 9.08 0.38 8.32 8.51 9.65 9.84 28w1d 7.27 0.34 6.59 6.76 7.78 7.95 37w0d 9.10 0.38 8.34 8.53 9.67 9.86 28w2d 7.30 0.34 6.62 6.79 7.81 7.98 37w1d 9.12 0.38 8.36 8.55 9.69 9.88 28w3d 7.34 0.34 6.66 6.83 7.85 8.02 37w2d 9.14 0.38 8.38 8.57 9.71 9.90 28w4d 7.38 0.35 6.68 6.86 7.91 8.08 37w3d 9.15 0.38 8.39 8.58 9.72 9.91 28w5d 7.42 0.35 6.72 6.90 7.95 8.12 37w4d 9.17 0.38 8.41 8.60 9.74 9.93 28w6d 7.45 0.35 6.75 6.93 7.98 8.15 37w5d 9.18 0.38 8.42 8.61 9.75 9.94 29w0d 7.49 0.35 6.79 6.97 8.02 8.19 37w6d 9.20 0.38 8.44 8.63 9.77 9.96 29w1d 7.53 0.35 6.83 7.01 8.06 8.23 38w0d 9.21 0.38 8.45 8.64 9.78 9.97 29w2d 7.56 0.35 6.86 7.04 8.09 8.26 38w1d 9.23 0.38 8.47 8.66 9.80 9.99 29w3d 7.60 0.35 6.90 7.08 8.13 8.30 38w2d 9.24 0.38 8.48 8.67 9.81 10.00 29w4d 7.64 0.35 6.94 7.12 8.17 8.34 38w3d 9.26 0.39 8.48 8.68 9.85 10.04 29w5d 7.67 0.35 6.97 7.15 8.20 8.37 38w4d 9.27 0.39 8.49 8.69 9.86 10.05 29w6d 7.71 0.35 7.01 7.19 8.24 8.41 38w5d 9.28 0.39 8.50 8.70 9.87 10.06 30w0d 7.74 0.35 7.04 7.22 8.27 8.44 38w6d 9.29 0.39 8.51 8.71 9.88 10.07 30w1d 7.78 0.35 7.08 7.26 8.31 8.48 39w0d 9.30 0.39 8.52 8.72 9.89 10.08 30w2d 7.81 0.35 7.11 7.29 8.34 8.51 39w1d 9.31 0.39 8.53 8.73 9.90 10.09 30w3d 7.85 0.36 7.13 7.31 8.39 8.57 39w2d 9.32 0.39 8.54 8.74 9.91 10.10 30w4d 7.88 0.36 7.16 7.34 8.42 8.60 39w3d 9.33 0.39 8.55 8.75 9.92 10.11 30w5d 7.92 0.36 7.20 7.38 8.46 8.64 39w4d 9.34 0.39 8.56 8.76 9.93 10.12 30w6d 7.95 0.36 7.23 7.41 8.49 8.67 39w5d 9.35 0.39 8.57 8.77 9.94 10.13 31w0d 7.98 0.36 7.26 7.44 8.52 8.70 39w6d 9.36 0.39 8.58 8.78 9.95 10.14 31w1d 8.02 0.36 7.30 7.48 8.56 8.74 40w0d 9.36 0.39 8.58 8.78 9.95 10.14 31w2d 8.05 0.36 7.33 7.51 8.59 8.77 40w1d 9.37 0.39 8.59 8.79 9.96 10.15 31w3d 8.08 0.36 7.36 7.54 8.62 8.80 40w2d 9.37 0.39 8.59 8.79 9.96 10.15 31w4d 8.12 0.36 7.40 7.58 8.66 8.84 40w3d 9.38 0.39 8.60 8.80 9.97 10.16 31w5d 8.15 0.36 7.43 7.61 8.69 8.87 40w4d 9.38 0.39 8.60 8.80 9.97 10.16 31w6d 8.18 0.36 7.46 7.64 8.72 8.90 40w5d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 32w0d 8.21 0.36 7.49 7.67 8.75 8.93 40w6d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 32w1d 8.24 0.36 7.52 7.70 8.78 8.96 41w0d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 32w2d 8.27 0.36 7.55 7.73 8.81 8.99 41w1d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 32w3d 8.31 0.36 7.59 7.77 8.85 9.03 41w2d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 32w4d 8.34 0.37 7.60 7.79 8.90 9.08 41w3d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 32w5d 8.37 0.37 7.63 7.82 8.93 9.11 41w4d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 32w6d 8.40 0.37 7.66 7.85 8.96 9.14 41w5d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 33w0d 8.43 0.37 7.69 7.88 8.99 9.17 41w6d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 33w1d 8.46 0.37 7.72 7.91 9.02 9.20 42w0d 9.39 0.39 8.61 8.81 9.98 10.17 33w2d 8.48 0.37 7.74 7.93 9.04 9.22 10-139

[Page 327] (4) CER (a) CER Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 CER=Power(10,(0.8129735+0.0367114*GA-0.0003590*GA^2))-5 5%-95%tile=Power(10,(Mean±1.645*0.02504))-5 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : CER (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA CER (mm) 14 13.1 1.0 11.4 14.8 15 14.2 1.1 12.4 16.1 16 15.3 1.2 13.5 17.4 17 16.5 1.2 14.6 18.7 18 17.8 1.3 15.7 20.0 19 19.0 1.4 16.9 21.4 20 20.3 1.5 18.0 22.8 21 21.6 1.5 19.2 24.3 22 23.0 1.6 20.4 25.8 23 24.3 1.7 21.7 27.3 24 25.7 1.8 22.9 28.8 25 27.1 1.9 24.2 30.3 26 28.5 1.9 25.5 31.8 27 29.9 2.0 26.7 33.3 28 31.3 2.1 28.0 34.9 29 32.6 2.2 29.2 36.4 30 34.0 2.3 30.5 37.9 31 35.4 2.3 31.7 39.4 32 36.7 2.4 32.9 40.8 33 38.0 2.5 34.1 42.3 34 39.3 2.6 35.3 43.7 35 40.5 2.6 36.4 45.0 36 41.7 2.7 37.5 46.3 37 42.8 2.8 38.5 47.6 38 43.9 2.8 39.5 48.8 39 45.0 2.9 40.4 49.9 40 45.9 2.9 41.3 51.0 41 46.8 3.0 42.1 52.0 42 47.7 3.0 42.9 52.9 43 48.4 3.1 43.6 53.7 44 49.1 3.1 44.2 54.5 45 49.7 3.2 44.8 55.1 10-140

[Page 328] (5) CRL (a) CRL Osaka Mineo Aoki, Motohiro Yamada Evaluation of fetal growth Obstetrics and gynecological treatment Vol. 47 No. 5 (1983: 11) GA CRL (mm) (w d) Mean 1SD -2SD -1.5SD +1.5SD +2SD 7w0d 8.7 1.6 5.5 6.3 11.1 11.9 7w1d 9.1 1.7 5.7 6.6 11.7 12.5 7w2d 9.6 1.9 5.8 6.8 12.5 13.4 7w3d 10.2 2.0 6.2 7.2 13.2 14.2 7w4d 10.8 2.2 6.4 7.5 14.1 15.2 7w5d 11.5 2.3 6.9 8.1 15.0 16.1 7w6d 12.2 2.5 7.2 8.5 16.0 17.2 8w0d 13.0 2.6 7.8 9.1 16.9 18.2 8w1d 13.9 2.8 8.3 9.7 18.1 19.5 8w2d 14.9 2.9 9.1 10.6 19.3 20.7 8w3d 15.9 3.1 9.7 11.3 20.6 22.1 8w4d 16.9 3.2 10.5 12.1 21.7 23.3 8w5d 18.0 3.4 11.2 12.9 23.1 24.8 8w6d 19.2 3.5 12.2 14.0 24.5 26.2 9w0d 20.4 3.7 13.0 14.9 26.0 27.8 9w1d 21.6 3.8 14.0 15.9 27.3 29.2 9w2d 22.9 4.0 14.9 16.9 28.9 30.9 9w3d 24.3 4.1 16.1 18.2 30.5 32.5 9w4d 25.7 4.3 17.1 19.3 32.2 34.3 9w5d 27.1 4.5 18.1 20.4 33.9 36.1 9w6d 28.5 4.6 19.3 21.6 35.4 37.7 10w0d 30.0 4.8 20.4 22.8 37.2 39.6 10w1d 31.5 4.9 21.7 24.2 38.9 41.3 10w2d 33.1 5.1 22.9 25.5 40.8 43.3 10w3d 34.7 5.2 24.3 26.9 42.5 45.1 10w4d 36.3 5.4 25.5 28.2 44.4 47.1 10w5d 37.9 5.5 26.9 29.7 46.2 48.9 10w6d 39.5 5.7 28.1 31.0 48.1 50.9 11w0d 41.2 5.8 29.6 32.5 49.9 52.8 11w1d 42.8 6.0 30.8 33.8 51.8 54.8 11w2d 44.5 6.1 32.3 35.4 53.7 56.7 11w3d 46.2 6.3 33.6 36.8 55.7 58.8 11w4d 47.9 6.4 35.1 38.3 57.5 60.7 11w5d 49.6 6.6 36.4 39.7 59.5 62.8 11w6d 51.3 6.7 37.9 41.3 61.4 64.7 12w0d 53.0 6.9 39.2 42.7 63.4 66.8 12w1d 54.8 7.0 40.8 44.3 65.3 68.8 12w2d 56.5 7.2 42.1 45.7 67.3 70.9 12w3d 58.2 7.3 43.6 47.3 69.2 72.8 12w4d 59.9 7.5 44.9 48.7 71.2 74.9 12w5d 61.6 7.6 46.4 50.2 73.0 76.8 12w6d 63.2 7.8 47.6 51.5 74.9 78.8 10-141

[Page 329] (6) FIB (a) FIB Chitty Chitty Charts of fetal size: limb bones BJOG: am International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology August 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 919-929 FIB=13697/GA^2-2458.0/GA+116.51 1SD=0.053841*GA+1.0451 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : FIB (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA FIB (mm) 12 6.8 1.7 3.6 4.6 9.0 10.0 13 8.5 1.7 5.2 6.2 10.7 11.8 14 10.8 1.8 7.4 8.5 13.1 14.2 15 13.5 1.9 10.0 11.1 15.9 17.0 16 16.4 1.9 12.8 13.9 18.8 20.0 17 19.3 2.0 15.6 16.8 21.8 23.0 18 22.2 2.0 18.4 19.7 24.8 26.0 19 25.1 2.1 21.2 22.4 27.7 29.0 20 27.9 2.1 23.9 25.1 30.6 31.8 21 30.5 2.2 26.4 27.7 33.3 34.6 22 33.1 2.2 28.9 30.2 35.9 37.3 23 35.5 2.3 31.2 32.6 38.5 39.8 24 37.9 2.3 33.5 34.9 40.9 42.3 25 40.1 2.4 35.6 37.0 43.2 44.6 26 42.2 2.4 37.6 39.1 45.4 46.8 27 44.3 2.5 39.6 41.1 47.5 49.0 28 46.2 2.6 41.4 42.9 49.5 51.0 29 48.0 2.6 43.1 44.7 51.4 52.9 30 49.8 2.7 44.8 46.4 53.2 54.8 31 51.5 2.7 46.4 48.0 54.9 56.6 32 53.1 2.8 47.9 49.5 56.6 58.3 33 54.6 2.8 49.3 51.0 58.2 59.9 34 56.1 2.9 50.7 52.4 59.7 61.5 35 57.5 2.9 52.0 53.7 61.2 63.0 36 58.8 3.0 53.2 55.0 62.6 64.4 37 60.1 3.0 54.4 56.2 64.0 65.8 38 61.3 3.1 55.5 57.4 65.3 67.1 39 62.5 3.1 56.6 58.5 66.5 68.4 40 63.6 3.2 57.6 59.5 67.7 69.6 41 64.7 3.3 58.6 60.5 68.9 70.8 42 65.8 3.3 59.5 61.5 70.0 72.0 43 66.8 3.4 60.4 62.5 71.1 73.1 44 67.7 3.4 61.3 63.4 72.1 74.1 45 68.7 3.5 62.1 64.2 73.1 75.2 10-142

[Page 330] (7) FL (a) FL CFEF French fetal biometry: reference equations and comparison with other charts L.j.SALOMON, M.DUYME, J.CREQUAT, G.BRODATY, C.TALMANT, N.FRIES and M.ALTHUSER Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (in press) FL=-27.085+2.9223*GA+0.0148*GA^2-0.0006*GA^3 1SD=1.0809+0.0609*GA Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 15 (weeks) Output : FL (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 15 18.1 2.0 14.8 21.3 16 21.0 2.1 17.6 24.4 17 23.9 2.1 20.4 27.4 18 26.8 2.2 23.2 30.4 19 29.7 2.2 26.0 33.3 20 32.5 2.3 28.7 36.3 21 35.3 2.4 31.4 39.1 22 38.0 2.4 34.0 42.0 23 40.7 2.5 36.6 44.7 24 43.3 2.5 39.1 47.5 25 45.8 2.6 41.6 50.1 26 48.4 2.7 44.0 52.7 27 50.8 2.7 46.3 55.3 28 53.2 2.8 48.6 57.8 29 55.5 2.8 50.8 60.2 30 57.7 2.9 52.9 62.5 31 59.9 3.0 55.0 64.7 32 61.9 3.0 56.9 66.9 33 63.9 3.1 58.8 69.0 34 65.8 3.2 60.6 71.0 35 67.6 3.2 62.3 72.9 36 69.3 3.3 63.9 74.7 37 70.9 3.3 65.4 76.4 38 72.4 3.4 66.8 78.0 39 73.8 3.5 68.1 79.5 40 75.1 3.5 69.3 80.9 41 76.3 3.6 70.4 82.1 42 77.3 3.6 71.3 83.3 43 78.2 3.7 72.1 84.3 44 79.0 3.8 72.9 85.2 45 79.7 3.8 73.4 86.0 10-143

[Page 331] (b) FL Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 (weeks) Mean 13 10.0 14 12.0 15 16.0 16 18.0 17 22.0 18 25.0 19 28.0 20 31.0 21 34.0 22 36.0 23 39.0 24 41.0 25 44.0 26 47.0 27 49.0 28 51.0 29 54.0 30 56.0 31 59.0 32 61.0 33 63.0 34 65.0 35 67.0 36 69.0 37 71.0 38 73.0 39 74.0 40 75.0 10-144

[Page 332] (c) FL Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 FL=Power((-1.1132444+0.4263429*GA-0.0045992*GA^2),2) 5%-95% range = Power((Mean±1.645*0.1852),2) Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : FL (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (week) Mean 1SD 5%tile 95%tile 14 15.6 1.5 13.3 18.1 15 18.0 1.6 15.5 20.7 16 20.5 1.7 17.9 23.4 17 23.1 1.8 20.3 26.1 18 25.7 1.9 22.7 28.9 19 28.4 2.0 25.2 31.7 20 31.1 2.1 27.8 34.6 21 33.8 2.2 30.3 37.4 22 36.5 2.2 32.9 40.3 23 39.2 2.3 35.5 43.1 24 41.9 2.4 38.0 45.9 25 44.5 2.5 40.5 48.7 26 47.1 2.5 43.0 51.4 27 49.6 2.6 45.4 54.0 28 52.1 2.7 47.8 56.6 29 54.5 2.7 50.1 59.1 30 56.8 2.8 52.3 61.5 31 59.0 2.8 54.4 63.8 32 61.2 2.9 56.5 66.0 33 63.2 2.9 58.4 68.1 34 65.1 3.0 60.2 70.1 35 66.8 3.0 61.9 71.9 36 68.5 3.1 63.5 73.6 37 70.0 3.1 65.0 75.2 38 71.3 3.1 66.3 76.6 39 72.6 3.2 67.5 77.9 40 73.6 3.2 68.5 79.0 41 74.6 3.2 69.4 79.9 42 75.3 3.2 70.1 80.7 43 76.0 3.2 70.7 81.4 44 76.4 3.2 71.2 81.8 45 76.7 3.2 71.5 82.1 10-145

[Page 333] (d) FL O’Brien GREGORY D. O’BRIEN, M.B. Growth of the Ultrasound femur length during normal pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1981; 141: 833-837 14 16.6 1.25 14.1 19.1 15 19.9 1.15 17.6 22.2 16 22.0 1.50 19.0 25.0 17 25.2 1.45 22.3 28.1 18 29.6 1.55 26.5 32.7 19 32.4 1.55 29.3 35.5 20 34.8 1.25 32.3 37.3 21 37.5 2.05 33.4 41.6 22 40.9 1.95 37.0 44.8 23 43.5 1.80 39.9 47.1 24 46.4 1.75 42.9 49.9 25 48.0 2.30 43.4 52.6 26 51.1 2.50 46.1 56.1 27 53.0 1.60 49.8 56.2 28 54.4 2.05 50.3 58.5 29 57.3 2.15 53.0 61.6 30 58.7 1.90 54.9 62.5 31 61.5 2.25 57.0 66.0 32 62.8 2.10 58.6 67.0 33 64.9 2.30 60.3 69.5 34 65.7 2.20 61.3 70.1 35 67.7 2.40 62.9 72.5 36 69.5 2.30 64.9 74.1 37 70.8 2.15 66.5 75.1 38 71.8 2.80 66.2 77.4 39 74.2 2.55 69.1 79.3 40 75.4 2.80 69.8 81.0 10-146

[Page 334] (e) FL Osaka Mineo Aoki, Motohiro Yamada Evaluation of fetal growth Obstetrics and gynecological treatment Vol. 47 No. 5 (1983: 11) (Extrapolated on 42 weeks) GA FL (cm) GA FL (cm) 13w0d 0.94 0.21 0.52 0.63 1.26 1.36 20w3d 3.15 0.24 2.67 2.79 3.51 3.63 13w1d 0.98 0.21 0.56 0.67 1.30 1.40 20w4d 3.19 0.24 2.71 2.83 3.55 3.67 13w2d 1.03 0.21 0.61 0.72 1.35 1.45 20w5d 3.23 0.24 2.75 2.87 3.59 3.71 13w3d 1.07 0.21 0.65 0.76 1.39 1.49 20w6d 3.27 0.24 2.79 2.91 3.63 3.75 13w4d 1.12 0.21 0.70 0.81 1.44 1.54 21w0d 3.30 0.24 2.82 2.94 3.66 3.78 13w5d 1.17 0.21 0.75 0.86 1.49 1.59 21w1d 3.34 0.24 2.86 2.98 3.70 3.82 13w6d 1.21 0.22 0.77 0.88 1.54 1.65 21w2d 3.38 0.24 2.90 3.02 3.74 3.86 14w0d 1.26 0.22 0.82 0.93 1.59 1.70 21w3d 3.42 0.24 2.94 3.06 3.78 3.9 14w1d 1.30 0.22 0.86 0.97 1.63 1.74 21w4d 3.46 0.25 2.96 3.09 3.84 3.96 14w2d 1.35 0.22 0.91 1.02 1.68 1.79 21w5d 3.49 0.25 2.99 3.12 3.87 3.99 14w3d 1.39 0.22 0.95 1.06 1.72 1.83 21w6d 3.53 0.25 3.03 3.16 3.91 4.03 14w4d 1.44 0.22 1.00 1.11 1.77 1.88 22w0d 3.57 0.25 3.07 3.20 3.95 4.07 14w5d 1.48 0.22 1.04 1.15 1.81 1.92 22w1d 3.61 0.25 3.11 3.24 3.99 4.11 14w6d 1.53 0.22 1.09 1.20 1.86 1.97 22w2d 3.64 0.25 3.14 3.27 4.02 4.14 15w0d 1.57 0.22 1.13 1.24 1.90 2.01 22w3d 3.68 0.25 3.18 3.31 4.06 4.18 15w1d 1.61 0.22 1.17 1.28 1.94 2.05 22w4d 3.72 0.25 3.22 3.35 4.10 4.22 15w2d 1.66 0.22 1.22 1.33 1.99 2.10 22w5d 3.75 0.25 3.25 3.38 4.13 4.25 15w3d 1.70 0.22 1.26 1.37 2.03 2.14 22w6d 3.79 0.25 3.29 3.42 4.17 4.29 15w4d 1.75 0.22 1.31 1.42 2.08 2.19 23w0d 3.83 0.25 3.33 3.46 4.21 4.33 15w5d 1.79 0.22 1.35 1.46 2.12 2.23 23w1d 3.86 0.25 3.36 3.49 4.24 4.36 15w6d 1.83 0.22 1.39 1.50 2.16 2.27 23w2d 3.90 0.25 3.40 3.53 4.28 4.4 16w0d 1.88 0.22 1.44 1.55 2.21 2.32 23w3d 3.93 0.25 3.43 3.56 4.31 4.43 16w1d 1.92 0.22 1.48 1.59 2.25 2.36 23w4d 3.97 0.25 3.47 3.60 4.35 4.47 16w2d 1.96 0.22 1.52 1.63 2.29 2.40 23w5d 4.01 0.25 3.51 3.64 4.39 4.51 16w3d 2.01 0.23 1.55 1.67 2.36 2.47 23w6d 4.04 0.25 3.54 3.67 4.42 4.54 16w4d 2.05 0.23 1.59 1.71 2.40 2.51 24w0d 4.08 0.25 3.58 3.71 4.46 4.58 16w5d 2.09 0.23 1.63 1.75 2.44 2.55 24w1d 4.11 0.26 3.59 3.72 4.50 4.63 16w6d 2.13 0.23 1.67 1.79 2.48 2.59 24w2d 4.15 0.26 3.63 3.76 4.54 4.67 17w0d 2.18 0.23 1.72 1.84 2.53 2.64 24w3d 4.18 0.26 3.66 3.79 4.57 4.70 17w1d 2.22 0.23 1.76 1.88 2.57 2.68 24w4d 4.22 0.26 3.70 3.83 4.61 4.74 17w2d 2.26 0.23 1.80 1.92 2.61 2.72 24w5d 4.25 0.26 3.73 3.86 4.64 4.77 17w3d 2.30 0.23 1.84 1.96 2.65 2.76 24w6d 4.28 0.26 3.76 3.89 4.67 4.80 17w4d 2.34 0.23 1.88 2.00 2.69 2.80 25w0d 4.32 0.26 3.80 3.93 4.71 4.84 17w5d 2.39 0.23 1.93 2.05 2.74 2.85 25w1d 4.35 0.26 3.83 3.96 4.74 4.87 17w6d 2.43 0.23 1.97 2.09 2.78 2.89 25w2d 4.39 0.26 3.87 4.00 4.78 4.91 18w0d 2.47 0.23 2.01 2.13 2.82 2.93 25w3d 4.42 0.26 3.90 4.03 4.81 4.94 18w1d 2.51 0.23 2.05 2.17 2.86 2.97 25w4d 4.45 0.26 3.93 4.06 4.84 4.97 18w2d 2.55 0.23 2.09 2.21 2.90 3.01 25w5d 4.49 0.26 3.97 4.10 4.88 5.01 18w3d 2.59 0.23 2.13 2.25 2.94 3.05 25w6d 4.52 0.26 4.00 4.13 4.91 5.04 18w4d 2.63 0.23 2.17 2.29 2.98 3.09 26w0d 4.56 0.26 4.04 4.17 4.95 5.08 18w5d 2.67 0.23 2.21 2.33 3.02 3.13 26w1d 4.59 0.26 4.07 4.20 4.98 5.11 18w6d 2.71 0.23 2.25 2.37 3.06 3.17 26w2d 4.62 0.26 4.10 4.23 5.01 5.14 19w0d 2.75 0.24 2.27 2.39 3.11 3.23 26w3d 4.65 0.26 4.13 4.26 5.04 5.17 19w1d 2.79 0.24 2.31 2.43 3.15 3.27 26w4d 4.69 0.26 4.17 4.30 5.08 5.21 19w2d 2.83 0.24 2.35 2.47 3.19 3.31 26w5d 4.72 0.27 4.18 4.32 5.13 5.26 19w3d 2.87 0.24 2.39 2.51 3.23 3.35 26w6d 4.75 0.27 4.21 4.35 5.16 5.29 19w4d 2.91 0.24 2.43 2.55 3.27 3.39 27w0d 4.78 0.27 4.24 4.38 5.19 5.32 19w5d 2.95 0.24 2.47 2.59 3.31 3.43 27w1d 4.82 0.27 4.28 4.42 5.23 5.36 19w6d 2.99 0.24 2.51 2.63 3.35 3.47 27w2d 4.85 0.27 4.31 4.45 5.26 5.39 20w0d 3.03 0.24 2.55 2.67 3.39 3.51 27w3d 4.88 0.27 4.34 4.48 5.29 5.42 20w1d 3.07 0.24 2.59 2.71 3.43 3.55 27w4d 4.91 0.27 4.37 4.51 5.32 5.45 20w2d 3.11 0.24 2.63 2.75 3.47 3.59 27w5d 4.94 0.27 4.40 4.54 5.35 5.48 10-147

[Page 335] GA FL (cm) GA FL (cm) 27w6d 4.97 0.27 4.43 4.57 5.38 5.51 35w0d 6.36 0.30 5.76 5.91 6.81 6.96 28w0d 5.01 0.27 4.47 4.61 5.42 5.55 35w1d 6.39 0.30 5.79 5.94 6.84 6.99 28w1d 5.04 0.27 4.50 4.64 5.45 5.58 35w2d 6.41 0.30 5.81 5.96 6.86 7.01 28w2d 5.07 0.27 4.53 4.67 5.48 5.61 35w3d 6.43 0.30 5.83 5.98 6.88 7.03 28w3d 5.10 0.27 4.56 4.70 5.51 5.64 35w4d 6.46 0.30 5.86 6.01 6.91 7.06 28w4d 5.13 0.27 4.59 4.73 5.54 5.67 35w5d 6.48 0.30 5.88 6.03 6.93 7.08 28w5d 5.16 0.27 4.62 4.76 5.57 5.70 35w6d 6.50 0.30 5.90 6.05 6.95 7.10 28w6d 5.19 0.27 4.65 4.79 5.60 5.73 36w0d 6.53 0.30 5.93 6.08 6.98 7.13 29w0d 5.22 0.27 4.68 4.82 5.63 5.76 36w1d 6.55 0.30 5.95 6.10 7.00 7.15 29w1d 5.25 0.27 4.71 4.85 5.66 5.79 36w2d 6.57 0.30 5.97 6.12 7.02 7.17 29w2d 5.28 0.28 4.72 4.86 5.70 5.84 36w3d 6.60 0.30 6.00 6.15 7.05 7.20 29w3d 5.31 0.28 4.75 4.89 5.73 5.87 36w4d 6.62 0.30 6.02 6.17 7.07 7.22 29w4d 5.34 0.28 4.78 4.92 5.76 5.90 36w5d 6.64 0.30 6.04 6.19 7.09 7.24 29w5d 5.37 0.28 4.81 4.95 5.79 5.93 36w6d 6.66 0.30 6.06 6.21 7.11 7.26 29w6d 5.40 0.28 4.84 4.98 5.82 5.96 37w0d 6.69 0.31 6.07 6.23 7.16 7.31 30w0d 5.43 0.28 4.87 5.01 5.85 5.99 37w1d 6.71 0.31 6.09 6.25 7.18 7.33 30w1d 5.46 0.28 4.90 5.04 5.88 6.02 37w2d 6.73 0.31 6.11 6.27 7.20 7.35 30w2d 5.49 0.28 4.93 5.07 5.91 6.05 37w3d 6.75 0.31 6.13 6.29 7.22 7.37 30w3d 5.52 0.28 4.96 5.10 5.94 6.08 37w4d 6.77 0.31 6.15 6.31 7.24 7.39 30w4d 5.54 0.28 4.98 5.12 5.96 6.10 37w5d 6.79 0.31 6.17 6.33 7.26 7.41 30w5d 5.57 0.28 5.01 5.15 5.99 6.13 37w6d 6.82 0.31 6.20 6.36 7.29 7.44 30w6d 5.60 0.28 5.04 5.18 6.02 6.16 38w0d 6.84 0.31 6.22 6.38 7.31 7.46 31w0d 5.63 0.28 5.07 5.21 6.05 6.19 38w1d 6.86 0.31 6.24 6.40 7.33 7.48 31w1d 5.66 0.28 5.10 5.24 6.08 6.22 38w2d 6.88 0.31 6.26 6.42 7.35 7.50 31w2d 5.69 0.28 5.13 5.27 6.11 6.25 38w3d 6.90 0.31 6.28 6.44 7.37 7.52 31w3d 5.71 0.28 5.15 5.29 6.13 6.27 38w4d 6.92 0.31 6.30 6.46 7.39 7.54 31w4d 5.74 0.28 5.18 5.32 6.16 6.30 38w5d 6.94 0.31 6.32 6.48 7.41 7.56 31w5d 5.77 0.28 5.21 5.35 6.19 6.33 38w6d 6.96 0.31 6.34 6.50 7.43 7.58 31w6d 5.80 0.29 5.22 5.37 6.24 6.38 39w0d 6.98 0.31 6.36 6.52 7.45 7.60 32w0d 5.82 0.29 5.24 5.39 6.26 6.40 39w1d 7.00 0.31 6.38 6.54 7.47 7.62 32w1d 5.85 0.29 5.27 5.42 6.29 6.43 39w2d 7.02 0.31 6.40 6.56 7.49 7.64 32w2d 5.88 0.29 5.30 5.45 6.32 6.46 39w3d 7.04 0.31 6.42 6.58 7.51 7.66 32w3d 5.90 0.29 5.32 5.47 6.34 6.48 39w4d 7.06 0.32 6.42 6.58 7.54 7.70 32w4d 5.93 0.29 5.35 5.50 6.37 6.51 39w5d 7.08 0.32 6.44 6.60 7.56 7.72 32w5d 5.96 0.29 5.38 5.53 6.40 6.54 39w6d 7.10 0.32 6.46 6.62 7.58 7.74 32w6d 5.98 0.29 5.40 5.55 6.42 6.56 40w0d 7.12 0.32 6.48 6.64 7.60 7.76 33w0d 6.01 0.29 5.43 5.58 6.45 6.59 40w1d 7.14 0.32 6.50 6.66 7.62 7.78 33w1d 6.04 0.29 5.46 5.61 6.48 6.62 40w2d 7.16 0.32 6.52 6.68 7.64 7.80 33w2d 6.06 0.29 5.48 5.63 6.50 6.64 40w3d 7.18 0.32 6.54 6.70 7.66 7.82 33w3d 6.09 0.29 5.51 5.66 6.53 6.67 40w4d 7.19 0.32 6.55 6.71 7.67 7.83 33w4d 6.11 0.29 5.53 5.68 6.55 6.69 40w5d 7.21 0.32 6.57 6.73 7.69 7.85 33w5d 6.14 0.29 5.56 5.71 6.58 6.72 40w6d 7.23 0.32 6.59 6.75 7.71 7.87 33w6d 6.16 0.29 5.58 5.73 6.60 6.74 41w0d 7.25 0.32 6.61 6.77 7.73 7.89 34w0d 6.19 0.29 5.61 5.76 6.63 6.77 41w1d 7.27 0.32 6.63 6.79 7.75 7.91 34w1d 6.21 0.29 5.63 5.78 6.65 6.79 41w2d 7.29 0.32 6.65 6.81 7.77 7.93 34w2d 6.24 0.29 5.66 5.81 6.68 6.82 41w3d 7.30 0.32 6.66 6.82 7.78 7.94 34w3d 6.26 0.30 5.66 5.81 6.71 6.86 41w4d 7.32 0.32 6.68 6.84 7.80 7.96 34w4d 6.29 0.30 5.69 5.84 6.74 6.89 41w5d 7.34 0.32 6.70 6.86 7.82 7.98 34w5d 6.31 0.30 5.71 5.86 6.76 6.91 41w6d 7.36 0.32 6.72 6.88 7.84 8.00 34w6d 6.34 0.30 5.74 5.89 6.79 6.94 42w0d 7.37 0.32 6.73 6.89 7.85 8.01 10-148

[Page 336] (8) Foot (a) Foot Chitty Chitty Charts of fetal size: limb bones BJOG: am International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology August 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 919-929 Foot=0.36909*GA^2-0.084175*GA^2*Ln(GA)-14.158 1SD=0.10865*GA+0.27971 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : Foot (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA Foot (mm) 12 8.9 1.6 5.9 6.8 10.9 11.8 13 11.7 1.7 8.5 9.6 13.9 14.9 14 14.6 1.8 11.3 12.3 16.9 18.0 15 17.6 1.9 14.0 15.2 20.0 21.2 16 20.6 2.0 16.8 18.0 23.2 24.4 17 23.6 2.1 19.6 20.9 26.3 27.6 18 26.6 2.2 22.4 23.7 29.5 30.8 19 29.6 2.3 25.2 26.6 32.6 34.0 20 32.6 2.5 28.0 29.5 35.8 37.2 21 35.6 2.6 30.8 32.3 38.9 40.4 22 38.6 2.7 33.5 35.1 42.0 43.6 23 41.5 2.8 36.2 37.9 45.0 46.7 24 44.4 2.9 38.9 40.7 48.0 49.8 25 47.2 3.0 41.5 43.3 51.0 52.8 26 50.0 3.1 44.1 46.0 53.9 55.8 27 52.7 3.2 46.6 48.6 56.8 58.7 28 55.3 3.3 49.1 51.1 59.6 61.6 29 57.9 3.4 51.4 53.5 62.3 64.3 30 60.4 3.5 53.7 55.8 64.9 67.0 31 62.8 3.6 55.9 58.1 67.4 69.6 32 65.1 3.8 58.0 60.3 69.9 72.1 33 67.3 3.9 60.0 62.3 72.2 74.5 34 69.4 4.0 61.9 64.3 74.5 76.8 35 71.4 4.1 63.7 66.1 76.6 79.0 36 73.3 4.2 65.4 67.9 78.6 81.1 37 75.0 4.3 66.9 69.5 80.5 83.1 38 76.7 4.4 68.4 71.0 82.3 85.0 39 78.2 4.5 69.7 72.4 84.0 86.7 40 79.6 4.6 70.9 73.6 85.5 88.3 41 80.8 4.7 71.9 74.8 86.9 89.7 42 81.9 4.8 72.8 75.7 88.1 91.0 43 82.9 5.0 73.6 76.6 89.2 92.2 44 83.7 5.1 74.2 77.2 90.2 93.2 45 84.4 5.2 74.7 77.8 91.0 94.1 10-149

[Page 337] (9) FTA (a) FTA Osaka Mineo Aoki, Motohiro Yamada Evaluation of fetal growth Obstetrics and gynecological treatment Vol. 47 No. 5 (1983: 11) (Extrapolated on 42 weeks) 2 2 GA FTA (cm ) GA FTA (cm ) 14w0d 5.60 1.20 3.20 3.80 7.40 8.00 20w4d 19.90 2.70 14.50 15.85 23.95 25.30 14w1d 5.80 1.20 3.40 4.00 7.60 8.20 20w5d 20.20 2.70 14.80 16.15 24.25 25.60 14w2d 6.00 1.20 3.60 4.20 7.80 8.40 20w6d 20.60 2.80 15.00 16.40 24.80 26.20 14w3d 6.30 1.30 3.70 4.35 8.25 8.90 21w0d 21.00 2.80 15.40 16.80 25.20 26.60 14w4d 6.50 1.30 3.90 4.55 8.45 9.10 21w1d 21.40 2.80 15.80 17.20 25.60 27.00 14w5d 6.80 1.30 4.20 4.85 8.75 9.40 21w2d 21.80 2.90 16.00 17.45 26.15 27.60 14w6d 7.10 1.30 4.50 5.15 9.05 9.70 21w3d 22.20 2.90 16.40 17.85 26.55 28.00 15w0d 7.30 1.40 4.50 5.20 9.40 10.10 21w4d 22.60 3.00 16.60 18.10 27.10 28.60 15w1d 7.60 1.40 4.80 5.50 9.70 10.40 21w5d 23.00 3.00 17.00 18.50 27.50 29.00 15w2d 7.80 1.40 5.00 5.70 9.90 10.60 21w6d 23.40 3.00 17.40 18.90 27.90 29.40 15w3d 8.10 1.50 5.10 5.85 10.35 11.10 22w0d 23.80 3.10 17.60 19.15 28.45 30.00 15w4d 8.40 1.50 5.40 6.15 10.65 11.40 22w1d 24.20 3.10 18.00 19.55 28.85 30.40 15w5d 8.70 1.50 5.70 6.45 10.95 11.70 22w2d 24.70 3.20 18.30 19.90 29.50 31.10 15w6d 8.90 1.50 5.90 6.65 11.15 11.90 22w3d 25.10 3.20 18.70 20.30 29.90 31.50 16w0d 9.20 1.60 6.00 6.80 11.60 12.40 22w4d 25.50 3.30 18.90 20.55 30.45 32.10 16w1d 9.50 1.60 6.30 7.10 11.90 12.70 22w5d 25.90 3.30 19.30 20.95 30.85 32.50 16w2d 9.80 1.60 6.60 7.40 12.20 13.00 22w6d 26.40 3.30 19.80 21.45 31.35 33.00 16w3d 10.10 1.70 6.70 7.55 12.65 13.50 23w0d 26.80 3.40 20.00 21.70 31.90 33.60 16w4d 10.40 1.70 7.00 7.85 12.95 13.80 23w1d 27.20 3.40 20.40 22.10 32.30 34.00 16w5d 10.70 1.70 7.30 8.15 13.25 14.10 23w2d 27.70 3.50 20.70 22.45 32.95 34.70 16w6d 11.00 1.80 7.40 8.30 13.70 14.60 23w3d 28.10 3.50 21.10 22.85 33.35 35.10 17w0d 11.30 1.80 7.70 8.60 14.00 14.90 23w4d 28.50 3.60 21.30 23.10 33.90 35.70 17w1d 11.60 1.80 8.00 8.90 14.30 15.20 23w5d 29.00 3.60 21.80 23.60 34.40 36.20 17w2d 11.90 1.90 8.10 9.05 14.75 15.70 23w6d 29.40 3.70 22.00 23.85 34.95 36.80 17w3d 12.20 1.90 8.40 9.35 15.05 16.00 24w0d 29.90 3.70 22.50 24.35 35.45 37.30 17w4d 12.50 1.90 8.70 9.65 15.35 16.30 24w1d 30.30 3.70 22.90 24.75 35.85 37.70 17w5d 12.80 2.00 8.80 9.80 15.80 16.80 24w2d 30.80 3.80 23.20 25.10 36.50 38.40 17w6d 13.20 2.00 9.20 10.20 16.20 17.20 24w3d 31.30 3.80 23.70 25.60 37.00 38.90 18w0d 13.50 2.00 9.50 10.50 16.50 17.50 24w4d 31.70 3.90 23.90 25.85 37.55 39.50 18w1d 13.80 2.10 9.60 10.65 16.95 18.00 24w5d 32.20 3.90 24.40 26.35 38.05 40.00 18w2d 14.10 2.10 9.90 10.95 17.25 18.30 24w6d 32.60 4.00 24.60 26.60 38.60 40.60 18w3d 14.50 2.10 10.30 11.35 17.65 18.70 25w0d 33.10 4.00 25.10 27.10 39.10 41.10 18w4d 14.80 2.20 10.40 11.50 18.10 19.20 25w1d 33.60 4.10 25.40 27.45 39.75 41.80 18w5d 15.20 2.20 10.80 11.90 18.50 19.60 25w2d 34.10 4.10 25.90 27.95 40.25 42.30 18w6d 15.50 2.20 11.10 12.20 18.80 19.90 25w3d 34.50 4.20 26.10 28.20 40.80 42.90 19w0d 15.80 2.30 11.20 12.35 19.25 20.40 25w4d 35.00 4.20 26.60 28.70 41.30 43.40 19w1d 16.20 2.30 11.60 12.75 19.65 20.80 25w5d 35.50 4.30 26.90 29.05 41.95 44.10 19w2d 16.60 2.30 12.00 13.15 20.05 21.20 25w6d 36.00 4.30 27.40 29.55 42.45 44.60 19w3d 16.90 2.40 12.10 13.30 20.50 21.70 26w0d 36.50 4.40 27.70 29.90 43.10 45.30 19w4d 17.30 2.40 12.50 13.70 20.90 22.10 26w1d 36.90 4.40 28.10 30.30 43.50 45.70 19w5d 17.60 2.50 12.60 13.85 21.35 22.60 26w2d 37.40 4.50 28.40 30.65 44.15 46.40 19w6d 18.00 2.50 13.00 14.25 21.75 23.00 26w3d 37.90 4.50 28.90 31.15 44.65 46.90 20w0d 18.40 2.50 13.40 14.65 22.15 23.40 26w4d 38.40 4.60 29.20 31.50 45.30 47.60 20w1d 18.70 2.60 13.50 14.80 22.60 23.90 26w5d 38.90 4.60 29.70 32.00 45.80 48.10 20w2d 19.10 2.60 13.90 15.20 23.00 24.30 26w6d 39.40 4.70 30.00 32.35 46.45 48.80 20w3d 19.50 2.60 14.30 15.60 23.40 24.70 27w0d 39.90 4.70 30.50 32.85 46.95 49.30 10-150

[Page 338] 2 2 GA FTA (cm ) GA FTA (cm ) 27w1d 40.40 4.80 30.80 33.20 47.60 50.00 34w4d 67.90 7.80 52.30 56.20 79.60 83.50 27w2d 40.90 4.80 31.30 33.70 48.10 50.50 34w5d 68.50 7.80 52.90 56.80 80.20 84.10 27w3d 41.40 4.90 31.60 34.05 48.75 51.20 34w6d 69.00 7.90 53.20 57.15 80.85 84.80 27w4d 41.90 4.90 32.10 34.55 49.25 51.70 35w0d 69.50 8.00 53.50 57.50 81.50 85.50 27w5d 42.40 5.00 32.40 34.90 49.90 52.40 35w1d 70.10 8.00 54.10 58.10 82.10 86.10 27w6d 42.90 5.00 32.90 35.40 50.40 52.90 35w2d 70.60 8.10 54.40 58.45 82.75 86.80 28w0d 43.40 5.10 33.20 35.75 51.05 53.60 35w3d 71.10 8.20 54.70 58.80 83.40 87.50 28w1d 44.00 5.10 33.80 36.35 51.65 54.20 35w4d 71.60 8.20 55.20 59.30 83.90 88.00 28w2d 44.50 5.20 34.10 36.70 52.30 54.90 35w5d 72.20 8.30 55.60 59.75 84.65 88.80 28w3d 45.00 5.20 34.60 37.20 52.80 55.40 35w6d 72.70 8.40 55.90 60.10 85.30 89.50 28w4d 45.50 5.30 34.90 37.55 53.45 56.10 36w0d 73.20 8.40 56.40 60.60 85.80 90.00 28w5d 46.00 5.30 35.40 38.05 53.95 56.60 36w1d 73.70 8.50 56.70 60.95 86.45 90.70 28w6d 46.60 5.40 35.80 38.50 54.70 57.40 36w2d 74.20 8.60 57.00 61.30 87.10 91.40 29w0d 47.10 5.40 36.30 39.00 55.20 57.90 36w3d 74.70 8.60 57.50 61.80 87.60 91.90 29w1d 47.60 5.50 36.60 39.35 55.85 58.60 36w4d 75.20 8.70 57.80 62.15 88.25 92.60 29w2d 48.10 5.60 36.90 39.70 56.50 59.30 36w5d 75.70 8.80 58.10 62.50 88.90 93.30 29w3d 48.70 5.60 37.50 40.30 57.10 59.90 36w6d 76.20 8.80 58.60 63.00 89.40 93.80 29w4d 49.20 5.70 37.80 40.65 57.75 60.60 37w0d 76.80 8.90 59.00 63.45 90.15 94.60 29w5d 49.70 5.70 38.30 41.15 58.25 61.10 37w1d 77.30 9.00 59.30 63.80 90.80 95.30 29w6d 50.20 5.80 38.60 41.50 58.90 61.80 37w2d 77.70 9.10 59.50 64.05 91.35 95.90 30w0d 50.80 5.80 39.20 42.10 59.50 62.40 37w3d 78.20 9.10 60.00 64.55 91.85 96.40 30w1d 51.30 5.90 39.50 42.45 60.15 63.10 37w4d 78.70 9.20 60.30 64.90 92.50 97.10 30w2d 51.80 5.90 40.00 42.95 60.65 63.60 37w5d 79.20 9.30 60.60 65.25 93.15 97.80 30w3d 52.40 6.00 40.40 43.40 61.40 64.40 37w6d 79.70 9.30 61.10 65.75 93.65 98.30 30w4d 52.90 6.10 40.70 43.75 62.05 65.10 38w0d 80.20 9.40 61.40 66.10 94.30 99.00 30w5d 53.40 6.10 41.20 44.25 62.55 65.60 38w1d 80.70 9.50 61.70 66.45 94.95 99.70 30w6d 54.00 6.20 41.60 44.70 63.30 66.40 38w2d 81.10 9.60 61.90 66.70 95.50 100.30 31w0d 54.50 6.20 42.10 45.20 63.80 66.90 38w3d 81.60 9.60 62.40 67.20 96.00 100.80 31w1d 55.00 6.30 42.40 45.55 64.45 67.60 38w4d 82.10 9.70 62.70 67.55 96.65 101.50 31w2d 55.60 6.40 42.80 46.00 65.20 68.40 38w5d 82.60 9.80 63.00 67.90 97.30 102.20 31w3d 56.10 6.40 43.30 46.50 65.70 68.90 38w6d 83.00 9.80 63.40 68.30 97.70 102.60 31w4d 56.70 6.50 43.70 46.95 66.45 69.70 39w0d 83.50 9.90 63.70 68.65 98.35 103.30 31w5d 57.20 6.50 44.20 47.45 66.95 70.20 39w1d 83.90 10.00 63.90 68.90 98.90 103.90 31w6d 57.70 6.60 44.50 47.80 67.60 70.90 39w2d 84.40 10.10 64.20 69.25 99.55 104.60 32w0d 58.30 6.70 44.90 48.25 68.35 71.70 39w3d 84.80 10.10 64.60 69.65 99.95 105.00 32w1d 58.80 6.70 45.40 48.75 68.85 72.20 39w4d 85.30 10.20 64.90 70.00 100.60 105.70 32w2d 59.40 6.80 45.80 49.20 69.60 73.00 39w5d 85.70 10.30 65.10 70.25 101.15 106.30 32w3d 59.90 6.80 46.30 49.70 70.10 73.50 39w6d 86.10 10.40 65.30 70.50 101.70 106.90 32w4d 60.40 6.90 46.60 50.05 70.75 74.20 40w0d 86.60 10.40 65.80 71.00 102.20 107.40 32w5d 61.00 7.00 47.00 50.50 71.50 75.00 40w1d 87.00 10.50 66.00 71.25 102.75 108.00 32w6d 61.50 7.00 47.50 51.00 72.00 75.50 40w2d 87.40 10.60 66.20 71.50 103.30 108.60 33w0d 62.10 7.10 47.90 51.45 72.75 76.30 40w3d 87.80 10.65 66.50 71.83 103.78 109.10 33w1d 62.60 7.10 48.40 51.95 73.25 76.80 40w4d 88.20 10.70 66.80 72.15 104.25 109.60 33w2d 63.10 7.20 48.70 52.30 73.90 77.50 40w5d 88.70 10.85 67.00 72.43 104.98 110.40 33w3d 63.70 7.30 49.10 52.75 74.65 78.30 40w6d 89.10 10.90 67.30 72.75 105.45 110.90 33w4d 64.20 7.30 49.60 53.25 75.15 78.80 41w0d 89.50 11.00 67.50 73.00 106.00 111.50 33w5d 64.70 7.40 49.90 53.60 75.80 79.50 41w1d 89.80 11.00 67.80 73.30 106.30 111.80 33w6d 65.30 7.50 50.30 54.05 76.55 80.30 41w2d 90.20 11.10 68.00 73.55 106.85 112.40 34w0d 65.80 7.50 50.80 54.55 77.05 80.80 41w3d 90.60 11.20 68.20 73.80 107.40 113.00 34w1d 66.40 7.60 51.20 55.00 77.80 81.60 41w4d 91.00 11.30 68.40 74.05 107.95 113.60 34w2d 66.90 7.60 51.70 55.50 78.30 82.10 41w5d 91.40 11.40 68.60 74.30 108.50 114.20 34w3d 67.40 7.70 52.00 55.85 78.95 82.80 41w6d 91.70 11.40 68.90 74.60 108.80 114.50 42w0d 92.10 11.50 69.10 74.85 109.35 115.10 10-151

[Page 339] (10) HC (a) HC CFEF French fetal biometry: reference equations and comparison with other charts L.j.SALOMON, M.DUYME, J.CREQUAT, G.BRODATY, C.TALMANT, N.FRIES and M.ALTHUSER Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (in press) HC=44.4924-2.7182*GA+0.6673*GA^2-0.0107*GA^3 1SD=2.7945+0.345*GA Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 15 (weeks) Output : HC (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (weeks) Mean 1SD 5% 95% 15 117.7 8.0 104.6 130.9 16 128.0 8.3 114.3 141.7 17 138.6 8.7 124.3 152.8 18 149.4 9.0 134.6 164.2 19 160.4 9.3 145.0 175.7 20 171.4 9.7 155.5 187.4 21 182.6 10.0 166.1 199.1 22 193.7 10.4 176.6 210.8 23 204.8 10.7 187.1 222.4 24 215.7 11.1 197.5 233.9 25 226.4 11.4 207.6 245.2 26 236.9 11.8 217.5 256.2 27 247.0 12.1 227.0 266.9 28 256.7 12.5 236.2 277.1 29 265.9 12.8 244.8 287.0 30 274.6 13.1 253.0 296.2 31 282.7 13.5 260.5 304.9 32 290.2 13.8 267.4 313.0 33 297.0 14.2 273.6 320.3 34 302.9 14.5 279.0 326.8 35 308.0 14.9 283.6 332.5 36 312.2 15.2 287.2 337.3 37 315.5 15.6 289.9 341.1 38 317.7 15.9 291.5 343.8 39 318.7 16.2 292.0 345.5 40 318.6 16.6 291.3 345.9 41 317.3 16.9 289.5 345.2 42 314.7 17.3 286.3 343.1 43 310.7 17.6 281.7 339.7 44 305.3 18.0 275.7 334.9 45 298.4 18.3 268.3 328.6 10-152

[Page 340] (b) HC Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 (weeks) Mean 14 106.0 15 115.0 16 127.0 17 140.0 18 152.0 19 164.0 20 176.0 21 189.0 22 203.0 23 215.0 24 226.0 25 239.0 26 251.0 27 263.0 28 274.0 29 284.0 30 293.0 31 303.0 32 311.0 33 318.0 34 325.0 35 332.0 36 337.0 37 340.0 38 344.0 39 347.0 40 349.0 10-153

[Page 341] (c) HC Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 HC=Power(10,(1.3369692+0.059643*GA-0.0007494*GA^2))-1 5%-95%tile=Power(10,(Mean±1.645*0.01997))-1 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : HC (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 14 105.0 4.9 97.2 113.3 15 114.6 5.3 106.2 123.7 16 124.8 5.8 115.6 134.6 17 135.3 6.3 125.4 146.0 18 146.2 6.8 135.5 157.7 19 157.4 7.3 145.9 169.9 20 168.9 7.8 156.5 182.3 21 180.6 8.4 167.4 194.9 22 192.4 8.9 178.3 207.6 23 204.3 9.5 189.4 220.5 24 216.2 10.0 200.4 233.3 25 228.0 10.5 211.3 246.0 26 239.6 11.1 222.1 258.5 27 250.9 11.6 232.5 270.7 28 261.8 12.1 242.7 282.4 29 272.2 12.6 252.3 293.7 30 282.1 13.0 261.5 304.4 31 291.4 13.5 270.1 314.3 32 299.9 13.8 277.9 323.5 33 307.5 14.2 285.1 331.8 34 314.3 14.5 291.3 339.1 35 320.1 14.8 296.7 345.4 36 324.9 15.0 301.2 350.5 37 328.7 15.2 304.6 354.6 38 331.3 15.3 307.1 357.4 39 332.8 15.4 308.5 359.0 40 333.1 15.4 308.8 359.4 41 332.3 15.3 308.0 358.5 42 330.4 15.3 306.2 356.4 43 327.3 15.1 303.4 353.1 44 323.1 14.9 299.5 348.6 45 317.9 14.7 294.7 343.0 10-154

[Page 342] (11) Hem (a) Hem Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 Hem=Power(10,(0.7234590+0.0474715*GA-0.0005620*GA^2))-5 5%-95% range=Power(10,(Mean±1.645*0.01956))-5 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : Hem (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA Hem (mm) 14 14.0 0.9 12.6 15.4 15 15.4 0.9 13.9 16.9 16 16.8 1.0 15.3 18.5 17 18.3 1.1 16.7 20.1 18 19.9 1.1 18.1 21.8 19 21.5 1.2 19.6 23.5 20 23.1 1.3 21.1 25.2 21 24.7 1.3 22.6 27.0 22 26.3 1.4 24.1 28.7 23 28.0 1.5 25.6 30.5 24 29.6 1.6 27.1 32.3 25 31.2 1.6 28.6 34.0 26 32.8 1.7 30.1 35.7 27 34.4 1.8 31.6 37.4 28 35.9 1.8 33.0 39.1 29 37.4 1.9 34.4 40.7 30 38.8 2.0 35.7 42.2 31 40.2 2.0 37.0 43.7 32 41.5 2.1 38.1 45.0 33 42.6 2.1 39.2 46.3 34 43.7 2.2 40.3 47.5 35 44.7 2.2 41.2 48.5 36 45.6 2.3 42.0 49.5 37 46.3 2.3 42.7 50.3 38 47.0 2.3 43.3 51.0 39 47.5 2.4 43.7 51.5 40 47.9 2.4 44.1 51.9 41 48.1 2.4 44.3 52.2 42 48.2 2.4 44.4 52.3 43 48.2 2.4 44.4 52.2 44 48.0 2.4 44.2 52.1 45 47.7 2.4 43.9 51.7 10-155

[Page 343] (12) HL (a) HL Chitty Chitty Charts of fetal size: limb bones BJOG: am International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology August 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 919-929 HL=11.459*GA-2.2362*GA*ln(GA)-63.704 1SD=0.040292*GA+1.3464 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : HL (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA HL (mm) 12 7.1 1.8 3.7 4.8 9.5 10.6 13 10.7 1.9 7.2 8.3 13.1 14.2 14 14.1 1.9 10.5 11.7 16.5 17.7 15 17.3 2.0 13.7 14.8 19.8 21.0 16 20.4 2.0 16.7 17.9 23.0 24.2 17 23.4 2.0 19.6 20.8 26.0 27.2 18 26.2 2.1 22.3 23.6 28.9 30.1 19 28.9 2.1 24.9 26.2 31.6 32.9 20 31.5 2.2 27.4 28.7 34.2 35.5 21 34.0 2.2 29.8 31.2 36.8 38.1 22 36.3 2.2 32.1 33.5 39.2 40.5 23 38.6 2.3 34.3 35.7 41.5 42.9 24 40.7 2.3 36.4 37.8 43.7 45.1 25 42.8 2.4 38.4 39.8 45.8 47.2 26 44.8 2.4 40.3 41.7 47.9 49.3 27 46.7 2.4 42.1 43.6 49.8 51.3 28 48.5 2.5 43.9 45.3 51.7 53.2 29 50.2 2.5 45.5 47.0 53.5 55.0 30 51.9 2.6 47.1 48.6 55.2 56.7 31 53.5 2.6 48.6 50.2 56.8 58.4 32 55.0 2.6 50.0 51.6 58.4 59.9 33 56.4 2.7 51.4 53.0 59.8 61.5 34 57.8 2.7 52.7 54.3 61.3 62.9 35 59.1 2.8 53.9 55.6 62.6 64.3 36 60.3 2.8 55.1 56.8 63.9 65.6 37 61.5 2.8 56.2 57.9 65.1 66.8 38 62.6 2.9 57.2 58.9 66.3 68.0 39 63.7 2.9 58.2 60.0 67.4 69.2 40 64.7 3.0 59.1 60.9 68.5 70.3 41 65.6 3.0 60.0 61.8 69.5 71.3 42 66.5 3.0 60.8 62.6 70.4 72.2 43 67.4 3.1 61.6 63.4 71.3 73.2 44 68.2 3.1 62.3 64.2 72.1 74.0 45 68.9 3.2 63.0 64.8 72.9 74.8 10-156

[Page 344] (b) HL Merz GA HL (mm) GA HL (mm) 12.5 8 1.8 5 11 27.5 47 2.1 44 51 13 10 1.8 7 13 28 48 2.1 45 52 13.5 12 1.8 9 15 28.5 49 2.4 45 53 14 13 2.1 10 17 29 50 2.4 46 54 14.5 15 1.8 12 18 29.5 51 2.4 47 55 15 17 1.8 14 20 30 52 2.4 48 56 15.5 18 2.1 15 22 30.5 53 2.4 49 57 16 20 1.8 17 23 31 54 2.4 50 58 16.5 21 2.1 18 25 31.5 55 2.4 51 59 17 23 1.8 20 26 32 55 2.7 51 60 17.5 24 2.1 21 28 32.5 56 2.4 52 60 18 26 2.1 22 29 33 57 2.4 53 61 18.5 27 1.8 24 30 33.5 58 2.4 54 62 19 28 2.1 25 32 34 59 2.7 54 63 19.5 30 2.1 26 33 34.5 59 2.4 55 63 20 31 2.1 27 34 35 60 2.4 56 64 20.5 32 2.1 29 36 35.5 61 2.7 56 65 21 33 2.1 30 37 36 61 2.7 57 66 21.5 35 2.1 31 38 36.5 62 2.4 58 66 22 36 2.1 32 39 37 63 2.7 58 67 22.5 37 2.1 33 40 37.5 63 2.7 59 68 23 38 2.4 34 42 38 64 2.7 59 68 23.5 39 2.1 36 43 38.5 64 2.7 60 69 24 40 2.1 37 44 39 65 2.7 60 69 24.5 41 2.1 38 45 39.5 65 2.7 61 70 25 42 2.1 39 46 40 66 2.7 61 70 25.5 43 2.1 40 47 40.5 66 3.0 61 71 26 45 2.1 41 48 41 66 2.7 62 71 26.5 46 2.1 42 49 41.5 67 2.7 62 71 27 47 2.1 43 50 10-157

[Page 345] (c) HL Osaka Mineo Aoki, Motohiro Yamada Evaluation of fetal growth Obstetrics and gynecological treatment Vol. 47 No. 5 (1983: 11) GA HL (cm) GA HL (cm) 13w0d 1.01 0.20 0.61 0.71 1.31 1.41 19w5d 2.84 0.22 2.40 2.51 3.17 3.28 13w1d 1.05 0.20 0.65 0.75 1.35 1.45 19w6d 2.88 0.23 2.42 2.54 3.23 3.34 13w2d 1.09 0.20 0.69 0.79 1.39 1.49 20w0d 2.91 0.23 2.45 2.57 3.26 3.37 13w3d 1.14 0.20 0.74 0.84 1.44 1.54 20w1d 2.95 0.23 2.49 2.61 3.30 3.41 13w4d 1.18 0.20 0.78 0.88 1.48 1.58 20w2d 2.98 0.23 2.52 2.64 3.33 3.44 13w5d 1.22 0.21 0.80 0.91 1.54 1.64 20w3d 3.02 0.23 2.56 2.68 3.37 3.48 13w6d 1.26 0.21 0.84 0.95 1.58 1.68 20w4d 3.05 0.23 2.59 2.71 3.40 3.51 14w0d 1.31 0.21 0.89 1.00 1.63 1.73 20w5d 3.09 0.23 2.63 2.75 3.44 3.55 14w1d 1.35 0.21 0.93 1.04 1.67 1.77 20w6d 3.12 0.23 2.66 2.78 3.47 3.58 14w2d 1.39 0.21 0.97 1.08 1.71 1.81 21w0d 3.15 0.23 2.69 2.81 3.50 3.61 14w3d 1.43 0.21 1.01 1.12 1.75 1.85 21w1d 3.19 0.23 2.73 2.85 3.54 3.65 14w4d 1.47 0.21 1.05 1.16 1.79 1.89 21w2d 3.22 0.23 2.76 2.88 3.57 3.68 14w5d 1.51 0.21 1.09 1.20 1.83 1.93 21w3d 3.25 0.23 2.79 2.91 3.60 3.71 14w6d 1.55 0.21 1.13 1.24 1.87 1.97 21w4d 3.29 0.23 2.83 2.95 3.64 3.75 15w0d 1.59 0.21 1.17 1.28 1.91 2.01 21w5d 3.32 0.23 2.86 2.98 3.67 3.78 15w1d 1.63 0.21 1.21 1.32 1.95 2.05 21w6d 3.35 0.23 2.89 3.01 3.70 3.81 15w2d 1.67 0.21 1.25 1.36 1.99 2.09 22w0d 3.38 0.23 2.92 3.04 3.73 3.84 15w3d 1.71 0.21 1.29 1.40 2.03 2.13 22w1d 3.42 0.23 2.96 3.08 3.77 3.88 15w4d 1.75 0.21 1.33 1.44 2.07 2.17 22w2d 3.45 0.23 2.99 3.11 3.80 3.91 15w5d 1.79 0.21 1.37 1.48 2.11 2.21 22w3d 3.48 0.23 3.02 3.14 3.83 3.94 15w6d 1.83 0.21 1.41 1.52 2.15 2.25 22w4d 3.51 0.23 3.05 3.17 3.86 3.97 16w0d 1.87 0.21 1.45 1.56 2.19 2.29 22w5d 3.54 0.23 3.08 3.20 3.89 4.00 16w1d 1.91 0.21 1.49 1.60 2.23 2.33 22w6d 3.58 0.24 3.10 3.22 3.94 4.06 16w2d 1.95 0.21 1.53 1.64 2.27 2.37 23w0d 3.61 0.24 3.13 3.25 3.97 4.09 16w3d 1.99 0.21 1.57 1.68 2.31 2.41 23w1d 3.64 0.24 3.16 3.28 4.00 4.12 16w4d 2.03 0.21 1.61 1.72 2.35 2.45 23w2d 3.67 0.24 3.19 3.31 4.03 4.15 16w5d 2.07 0.21 1.65 1.76 2.39 2.49 23w3d 3.70 0.24 3.22 3.34 4.06 4.18 16w6d 2.11 0.22 1.67 1.78 2.44 2.55 23w4d 3.73 0.24 3.25 3.37 4.09 4.21 17w0d 2.15 0.22 1.71 1.82 2.48 2.59 23w5d 3.76 0.24 3.28 3.40 4.12 4.24 17w1d 2.18 0.22 1.74 1.85 2.51 2.62 23w6d 3.79 0.24 3.31 3.43 4.15 4.27 17w2d 2.22 0.22 1.78 1.89 2.55 2.66 24w0d 3.82 0.24 3.34 3.46 4.18 4.30 17w3d 2.26 0.22 1.82 1.93 2.59 2.70 24w1d 3.85 0.24 3.37 3.49 4.21 4.33 17w4d 2.30 0.22 1.86 1.97 2.63 2.74 24w2d 3.88 0.24 3.40 3.52 4.24 4.36 17w5d 2.34 0.22 1.90 2.01 2.67 2.78 24w3d 3.91 0.24 3.43 3.55 4.27 4.39 17w6d 2.37 0.22 1.93 2.04 2.70 2.81 24w4d 3.94 0.24 3.46 3.58 4.30 4.42 18w0d 2.41 0.22 1.97 2.08 2.74 2.85 24w5d 3.97 0.24 3.49 3.61 4.33 4.45 18w1d 2.45 0.22 2.01 2.12 2.78 2.89 24w6d 4.00 0.24 3.52 3.64 4.36 4.48 18w2d 2.48 0.22 2.04 2.15 2.81 2.92 25w0d 4.03 0.24 3.55 3.67 4.39 4.51 18w3d 2.52 0.22 2.08 2.19 2.85 2.96 25w1d 4.06 0.24 3.58 3.70 4.42 4.54 18w4d 2.56 0.22 2.12 2.23 2.89 3.00 25w2d 4.09 0.24 3.61 3.73 4.45 4.57 18w5d 2.59 0.22 2.15 2.26 2.92 3.03 25w3d 4.12 0.24 3.64 3.76 4.48 4.60 18w6d 2.63 0.22 2.19 2.30 2.96 3.07 25w4d 4.14 0.24 3.66 3.78 4.50 4.62 19w0d 2.67 0.22 2.23 2.34 3.00 3.11 25w5d 4.17 0.24 3.69 3.81 4.53 4.65 19w1d 2.70 0.22 2.26 2.37 3.03 3.14 25w6d 4.20 0.24 3.72 3.84 4.56 4.68 19w2d 2.74 0.22 2.30 2.41 3.07 3.18 26w0d 4.23 0.25 3.73 3.86 4.61 4.73 19w3d 2.77 0.22 2.33 2.44 3.10 3.21 26w1d 4.26 0.25 3.76 3.89 4.64 4.76 19w4d 2.81 0.22 2.37 2.48 3.14 3.25 26w2d 4.28 0.25 3.78 3.91 4.66 4.78 10-158

[Page 346] GA HL (cm) GA HL (cm) 26w3d 4.31 0.25 3.81 3.94 4.69 4.81 33w2d 5.43 0.27 4.89 5.03 5.84 5.97 26w4d 4.34 0.25 3.84 3.97 4.72 4.84 33w3d 5.45 0.27 4.91 5.05 5.86 5.99 26w5d 4.37 0.25 3.87 4.00 4.75 4.87 33w4d 5.47 0.27 4.93 5.07 5.88 6.01 26w6d 4.39 0.25 3.89 4.02 4.77 4.89 33w5d 5.49 0.27 4.95 5.09 5.90 6.03 27w0d 4.42 0.25 3.92 4.05 4.80 4.92 33w6d 5.51 0.27 4.97 5.11 5.92 6.05 27w1d 4.45 0.25 3.95 4.08 4.83 4.95 34w0d 5.53 0.27 4.99 5.13 5.94 6.07 27w2d 4.47 0.25 3.97 4.10 4.85 4.97 34w1d 5.55 0.27 5.01 5.15 5.96 6.09 27w3d 4.50 0.25 4.00 4.13 4.88 5.00 34w2d 5.57 0.27 5.03 5.17 5.98 6.11 27w4d 4.53 0.25 4.03 4.16 4.91 5.03 34w3d 5.58 0.27 5.04 5.18 5.99 6.12 27w5d 4.55 0.25 4.05 4.18 4.93 5.05 34w4d 5.60 0.27 5.06 5.20 6.01 6.14 27w6d 4.58 0.25 4.08 4.21 4.96 5.08 34w5d 5.62 0.27 5.08 5.22 6.03 6.16 28w0d 4.60 0.25 4.10 4.23 4.98 5.10 34w6d 5.64 0.27 5.10 5.24 6.05 6.18 28w1d 4.63 0.25 4.13 4.26 5.01 5.13 35w0d 5.65 0.28 5.09 5.23 6.07 6.21 28w2d 4.65 0.25 4.15 4.28 5.03 5.15 35w1d 5.67 0.28 5.11 5.25 6.09 6.23 28w3d 4.68 0.25 4.18 4.31 5.06 5.18 35w2d 5.69 0.28 5.13 5.27 6.11 6.25 28w4d 4.70 0.25 4.20 4.33 5.08 5.20 35w3d 5.71 0.28 5.15 5.29 6.13 6.27 28w5d 4.73 0.25 4.23 4.36 5.11 5.23 35w4d 5.72 0.28 5.16 5.30 6.14 6.28 28w6d 4.75 0.25 4.25 4.38 5.13 5.25 35w5d 5.74 0.28 5.18 5.32 6.16 6.30 29w0d 4.78 0.26 4.26 4.39 5.17 5.30 35w6d 5.76 0.28 5.20 5.34 6.18 6.32 29w1d 4.80 0.26 4.28 4.41 5.19 5.32 36w0d 5.77 0.28 5.21 5.35 6.19 6.33 29w2d 4.83 0.26 4.31 4.44 5.22 5.35 36w1d 5.79 0.28 5.23 5.37 6.21 6.35 29w3d 4.85 0.26 4.33 4.46 5.24 5.37 36w2d 5.80 0.28 5.24 5.38 6.22 6.36 29w4d 4.87 0.26 4.35 4.48 5.26 5.39 36w3d 5.82 0.28 5.26 5.40 6.24 6.38 29w5d 4.90 0.26 4.38 4.51 5.29 5.42 36w4d 5.84 0.28 5.28 5.42 6.26 6.40 29w6d 4.92 0.26 4.40 4.53 5.31 5.44 36w5d 5.85 0.28 5.29 5.43 6.27 6.41 30w0d 4.94 0.26 4.42 4.55 5.33 5.46 36w6d 5.87 0.28 5.31 5.45 6.29 6.43 30w1d 4.97 0.26 4.45 4.58 5.36 5.49 37w0d 5.88 0.28 5.32 5.46 6.30 6.44 30w2d 4.99 0.26 4.47 4.60 5.38 5.51 37w1d 5.90 0.28 5.34 5.48 6.32 6.46 30w3d 5.01 0.26 4.49 4.62 5.40 5.53 37w2d 5.91 0.28 5.35 5.49 6.33 6.47 30w4d 5.04 0.26 4.52 4.65 5.43 5.56 37w3d 5.93 0.28 5.37 5.51 6.35 6.49 30w5d 5.06 0.26 4.54 4.67 5.45 5.58 37w4d 5.94 0.28 5.38 5.52 6.36 6.50 30w6d 5.08 0.26 4.56 4.69 5.47 5.60 37w5d 5.95 0.28 5.39 5.53 6.37 6.51 31w0d 5.10 0.26 4.58 4.71 5.49 5.62 37w6d 5.97 0.28 5.41 5.55 6.39 6.53 31w1d 5.12 0.26 4.60 4.73 5.51 5.64 38w0d 5.98 0.29 5.40 5.55 6.42 6.56 31w2d 5.15 0.26 4.63 4.76 5.54 5.67 38w1d 6.00 0.29 5.42 5.57 6.44 6.58 31w3d 5.17 0.26 4.65 4.78 5.56 5.69 38w2d 6.01 0.29 5.43 5.58 6.45 6.59 31w4d 5.19 0.26 4.67 4.80 5.58 5.71 38w3d 6.02 0.29 5.44 5.59 6.46 6.60 31w5d 5.21 0.26 4.69 4.82 5.60 5.73 38w4d 6.04 0.29 5.46 5.61 6.48 6.62 31w6d 5.23 0.26 4.71 4.84 5.62 5.75 38w5d 6.05 0.29 5.47 5.62 6.49 6.63 32w0d 5.25 0.27 4.71 4.85 5.66 5.79 38w6d 6.06 0.29 5.48 5.63 6.50 6.64 32w1d 5.27 0.27 4.73 4.87 5.68 5.81 39w0d 6.08 0.29 5.50 5.65 6.52 6.66 32w2d 5.29 0.27 4.75 4.89 5.70 5.83 39w1d 6.09 0.29 5.51 5.66 6.53 6.67 32w3d 5.31 0.27 4.77 4.91 5.72 5.85 39w2d 6.10 0.29 5.52 5.67 6.54 6.68 32w4d 5.33 0.27 4.79 4.93 5.74 5.87 39w3d 6.11 0.29 5.53 5.68 6.55 6.69 32w5d 5.35 0.27 4.81 4.95 5.76 5.89 39w4d 6.13 0.29 5.55 5.70 6.57 6.71 32w6d 5.37 0.27 4.83 4.97 5.78 5.91 39w5d 6.14 0.29 5.56 5.71 6.58 6.72 33w0d 5.39 0.27 4.85 4.99 5.80 5.93 39w6d 6.15 0.29 5.57 5.72 6.59 6.73 33w1d 5.41 0.27 4.87 5.01 5.82 5.95 40w0d 6.16 0.29 5.58 5.73 6.60 6.74 10-159

[Page 347] (13) OFD (a) OFD Chitty OFD=-41.58+5.550*GA-0.0009141*GA^3 1SD=4.795-0.2283*GA+0.007089*GA^2 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : OFD (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 12 23.4 3.1 17.7 19.5 27.4 29.2 13 28.6 3.0 22.9 24.7 32.4 34.2 14 33.6 3.0 28.0 29.8 37.4 39.2 15 38.6 3.0 33.0 34.8 42.4 44.2 16 43.5 3.0 37.9 39.7 47.3 49.0 17 48.3 3.0 42.7 44.5 52.1 53.8 18 53.0 3.0 47.4 49.2 56.8 58.6 19 57.6 3.0 51.9 53.7 61.5 63.3 20 62.1 3.1 56.3 58.2 66.0 67.9 21 66.5 3.1 60.6 62.5 70.5 72.4 22 70.8 3.2 64.8 66.7 74.9 76.8 23 74.9 3.3 68.8 70.7 79.2 81.1 24 79.0 3.4 72.6 74.6 83.3 85.4 25 82.9 3.5 76.3 78.4 87.4 89.5 26 86.7 3.7 79.8 82.0 91.3 93.5 27 90.3 3.8 83.1 85.4 95.1 97.4 28 93.8 4.0 86.3 88.7 98.8 101.2 29 97.1 4.1 89.3 91.8 102.4 104.9 30 100.2 4.3 92.1 94.7 105.8 108.4 31 103.2 4.5 94.7 97.4 109.0 111.8 32 106.1 4.7 97.1 100.0 112.1 115.0 33 108.7 5.0 99.4 102.3 115.1 118.1 34 111.2 5.2 101.4 104.5 117.9 121.0 35 113.5 5.5 103.2 106.5 120.5 123.8 36 115.6 5.8 104.7 108.2 122.9 126.4 37 117.5 6.1 106.1 109.7 125.2 128.8 38 119.2 6.4 107.2 111.0 127.3 131.1 39 120.6 6.7 108.1 112.1 129.2 133.2 40 121.9 7.0 108.7 113.0 130.9 135.1 41 123.0 7.4 109.1 113.6 132.4 136.8 42 123.8 7.7 109.3 113.9 133.7 138.3 43 124.4 8.1 109.2 114.0 134.7 139.6 44 124.8 8.5 108.8 113.9 135.6 140.7 45 124.9 8.9 108.2 113.5 136.2 141.6 10-160

[Page 348] (b) OFD Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 (weeks) Mean 14 31.0 15 38.0 16 41.0 17 46.0 18 50.0 19 54.0 20 58.0 21 63.0 22 67.0 23 72.0 24 76.0 25 80.0 26 84.0 27 88.0 28 91.0 29 95.0 30 98.0 31 100.0 32 103.0 33 105.0 34 107.0 35 109.0 36 111.0 37 112.0 38 113.0 39 114.0 40 115.0 10-161

[Page 349] (c) OFD Jeanty Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Bracken M., Cantraine F. "A longitudinal Study of fetal head biometry" American Journal of Perinatology; Volume1; Number; January 1984; pages 118-128 OFD=-26.934+3.7701*GA+0.046395*GA^2-0.0012939*GA^3 1SD=4.20790 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 10 (weeks) Output : OFD (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) 10 14.1 4.2079 7.1 21.1 11 18.4 4.2079 11.4 25.4 12 22.8 4.2079 15.8 29.7 13 27.1 4.2079 20.1 34.1 14 31.4 4.2079 24.4 38.4 15 35.7 4.2079 28.7 42.7 16 40.0 4.2079 33.0 47.0 17 44.2 4.2079 37.2 51.2 18 48.4 4.2079 41.4 55.4 19 52.6 4.2079 45.6 59.6 20 56.7 4.2079 49.7 63.7 21 60.7 4.2079 53.7 67.7 22 64.7 4.2079 57.7 71.7 23 68.6 4.2079 61.6 75.6 24 72.4 4.2079 65.4 79.4 25 76.1 4.2079 69.1 83.1 26 79.7 4.2079 72.7 86.7 27 83.2 4.2079 76.2 90.2 28 86.6 4.2079 79.6 93.6 29 89.9 4.2079 82.9 96.8 30 93.0 4.2079 86.0 100.0 31 96.0 4.2079 89.0 103.0 32 98.8 4.2079 91.8 105.8 33 101.5 4.2079 94.5 108.5 34 104.0 4.2079 97.0 111.0 35 106.4 4.2079 99.4 113.4 36 108.5 4.2079 101.6 115.5 37 110.5 4.2079 103.5 117.5 38 112.3 4.2079 105.3 119.3 39 113.9 4.2079 106.9 120.9 40 115.3 4.2079 108.3 122.3 41 116.5 4.2079 109.5 123.4 42 117.4 4.2079 110.4 124.4 43 118.1 4.2079 111.1 125.1 44 118.6 4.2079 111.6 125.5 45 118.8 4.2079 111.8 125.7 10-162

[Page 350] (d) OFD Merz GA OFD (mm) GA OFD (mm) 12.5 30 2.4 26 34 27.5 90 3.3 84 95 13 32 2.4 28 36 28 91 3.3 86 97 13.5 34 2.7 29 38 28.5 93 3.3 87 98 14 35 2.7 31 40 29 94 3.3 89 100 14.5 37 2.4 33 41 29.5 96 3.3 90 101 15 39 2.4 35 43 30 97 3.3 92 103 15.5 41 2.7 37 46 30.5 99 3.3 93 104 16 43 2.7 39 48 31 100 3.6 94 106 16.5 45 2.7 41 50 31.5 101 3.3 96 107 17 47 2.7 43 52 32 102 3.3 97 108 17.5 50 2.7 45 54 32.5 104 3.6 98 110 18 52 2.7 47 56 33 105 3.6 99 111 18.5 54 3.0 49 59 33.5 106 3.6 100 112 19 56 3.0 51 61 34 107 3.6 101 113 19.5 58 2.7 54 63 34.5 108 3.6 102 114 20 60 2.7 56 65 35 109 3.6 103 115 20.5 63 2.7 58 67 35.5 110 4.0 103 116 21 65 2.7 60 69 36 110 3.6 104 116 21.5 67 3.0 62 72 36.5 111 3.6 105 117 22 69 3.0 64 74 37 112 4.0 105 118 22.5 71 3.0 66 76 37.5 112 4.0 106 119 23 73 3.0 68 78 38 113 4.0 106 119 23.5 75 3.0 70 80 38.5 113 4.0 107 120 24 77 3.0 72 82 39 114 4.0 107 120 24.5 79 3.0 74 84 39.5 114 3.6 108 120 25 81 3.3 75 86 40 114 4.0 108 121 25.5 82 3.3 77 88 40.5 114 4.0 108 121 26 84 3.3 79 90 41 115 4.0 108 121 26.5 86 3.0 81 91 41.5 115 4.0 108 121 27 88 3.3 82 93 10-163

[Page 351] (e) OFD Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 OFD=Power(10,(0.9676148+0.0568481*GA-0.0007240*GA^2))-5 5%-95%tile=Power(10,(Mean+-1.645*0.02017))-5 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : OFD (mm) Input max : 39.7 (weeks) (39w5d) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (weeks) 50%tile 1SD 5%tile 95%tile 14 36.8 1.9 33.8 40.2 15 40.4 2.1 37.1 44.0 16 44.2 2.3 40.6 48.1 17 48.1 2.5 44.2 52.3 18 52.1 2.7 47.9 56.6 19 56.1 2.8 51.6 61.0 20 60.3 3.0 55.5 65.5 21 64.5 3.2 59.4 70.0 22 68.8 3.4 63.3 74.6 23 73.0 3.6 67.3 79.2 24 77.2 3.8 71.2 83.7 25 81.4 4.0 75.0 88.2 26 85.4 4.2 78.8 92.6 27 89.3 4.4 82.4 96.8 28 93.1 4.6 85.9 100.9 29 96.7 4.7 89.2 104.8 30 100.1 4.9 92.3 108.4 31 103.2 5.0 95.2 111.8 32 106.0 5.2 97.8 114.8 33 108.5 5.3 100.2 117.6 34 110.7 5.4 102.2 119.9 35 112.6 5.5 103.9 121.9 36 114.1 5.5 105.3 123.5 37 115.2 5.6 106.3 124.7 38 115.9 5.6 107.0 125.5 39 116.2 5.6 107.3 125.8 40 116.1 5.6 107.2 125.7 41 115.6 5.6 106.7 125.2 42 114.7 5.6 105.9 124.2 43 113.4 5.5 104.7 122.8 44 111.8 5.4 103.2 121.0 45 109.7 5.3 101.3 118.8 10-164

[Page 352] (14) RAD (a) RAD Chitty Chitty Charts of fetal size: limb bones BJOG: am International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology August 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 919-929 RAD=7983/GA^2-1698.6/GA+91.634 1SD=0.046346*GA+1.1933 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : RAD (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA RAD (mm) 12 5.5 1.7 2.2 3.3 7.8 8.8 13 8.2 1.8 4.8 5.9 10.5 11.6 14 11.0 1.8 7.6 8.7 13.4 14.5 15 13.9 1.9 10.3 11.5 16.3 17.4 16 16.7 1.9 13.0 14.2 19.1 20.3 17 19.3 2.0 15.6 16.8 21.9 23.1 18 21.9 2.0 18.1 19.3 24.5 25.7 19 24.3 2.1 20.4 21.7 27.0 28.2 20 26.7 2.1 22.7 23.9 29.4 30.6 21 28.9 2.2 24.8 26.1 31.6 32.9 22 30.9 2.2 26.8 28.1 33.8 35.1 23 32.9 2.3 28.6 30.0 35.8 37.1 24 34.7 2.3 30.4 31.8 37.7 39.1 25 36.5 2.4 32.0 33.5 39.5 40.9 26 38.1 2.4 33.6 35.0 41.2 42.6 27 39.7 2.4 35.1 36.5 42.8 44.3 28 41.2 2.5 36.5 38.0 44.3 45.8 29 42.6 2.5 37.8 39.3 45.8 47.3 30 43.9 2.6 39.0 40.6 47.2 48.7 31 45.1 2.6 40.2 41.8 48.5 50.1 32 46.3 2.7 41.3 42.9 49.8 51.4 33 47.5 2.7 42.4 44.0 51.0 52.6 34 48.6 2.8 43.4 45.0 52.1 53.8 35 49.6 2.8 44.3 46.0 53.2 54.9 36 50.6 2.9 45.2 46.9 54.3 56.0 37 51.6 2.9 46.1 47.8 55.3 57.0 38 52.5 3.0 46.9 48.7 56.2 58.0 39 53.3 3.0 47.7 49.5 57.2 59.0 40 54.2 3.0 48.4 50.3 58.1 59.9 41 55.0 3.1 49.1 51.0 58.9 60.8 42 55.7 3.1 49.8 51.7 59.7 61.6 43 56.4 3.2 50.5 52.4 60.5 62.4 44 57.2 3.2 51.1 53.0 61.3 63.2 45 57.8 3.3 51.7 53.6 62.0 64.0 10-165

[Page 353] (b) RAD Merz GA RAD (mm) GA RAD (mm) 12.5 4 1.8 1 7 27.5 39 2.1 36 43 13 6 1.8 3 9 28 40 2.4 36 44 13.5 8 1.8 5 11 28.5 41 2.4 37 45 14 10 2.1 6 13 29 42 2.1 38 45 14.5 11 1.8 8 14 29.5 42 2.1 39 46 15 13 1.8 10 16 30 43 2.4 39 47 15.5 14 1.8 11 17 30.5 44 2.4 40 48 16 16 2.1 12 19 31 44 2.1 41 48 16.5 17 1.8 14 20 31.5 45 2.4 41 49 17 18 2.1 15 22 32 46 2.4 42 50 17.5 20 2.1 16 23 32.5 46 2.1 43 50 18 21 2.1 17 24 33 47 2.4 43 51 18.5 22 1.8 19 25 33.5 48 2.4 44 52 19 23 1.8 20 26 34 48 2.4 44 52 19.5 24 2.1 21 28 34.5 49 2.4 45 53 20 25 2.1 22 29 35 49 2.4 45 53 20.5 26 2.1 23 30 35.5 50 2.4 46 54 21 28 2.1 24 31 36 50 2.4 46 54 21.5 29 2.1 25 32 36.5 51 2.4 47 55 22 30 2.1 26 33 37 51 2.4 47 55 22.5 31 2.1 27 34 37.5 52 2.4 48 56 23 32 2.1 28 35 38 52 2.4 48 56 23.5 32 2.1 29 36 38.5 52 2.7 48 57 24 33 2.1 30 37 39 53 2.4 49 57 24.5 34 2.1 31 38 39.5 53 2.4 49 57 25 35 2.1 32 39 40 53 2.7 49 58 25.5 36 2.4 32 40 40.5 54 2.7 49 58 26 37 2.7 32 41 41 54 2.4 50 58 26.5 38 2.1 34 41 41.5 54 2.4 50 58 27 39 2.1 35 42 10-166

[Page 354] (15) TAD (a) TAD Merz GA TAD (mm) GA TAD (mm) 12.5 20 2.1 17 24 27.5 71 4.0 65 78 13 22 2.4 18 26 28 73 3.6 67 79 13.5 24 2.4 20 28 28.5 75 4.0 68 81 14 25 2.4 21 29 29 76 4.0 70 83 14.5 27 2.4 23 31 29.5 78 4.0 71 84 15 29 2.4 25 33 30 79 4.0 73 86 15.5 31 2.7 26 35 30.5 81 4.3 74 88 16 32 2.7 28 37 31 82 4.0 76 89 16.5 34 2.4 30 38 31.5 84 4.3 77 91 17 36 2.7 31 40 32 85 4.3 78 92 17.5 38 2.7 33 42 32.5 87 4.3 80 94 18 39 2.7 35 44 33 88 4.6 81 96 18.5 41 3.0 36 46 33.5 90 4.3 83 97 19 43 3.0 38 48 34 91 4.6 84 99 19.5 44 3.0 39 49 34.5 93 4.6 85 100 20 46 3.0 41 51 35 94 4.6 87 102 20.5 48 3.0 43 53 35.5 96 4.6 88 103 21 50 3.3 44 55 36 97 4.9 89 105 21.5 51 3.3 46 57 36.5 98 4.6 91 106 22 53 3.0 48 58 37 100 4.9 92 108 22.5 55 3.3 49 60 37.5 101 4.9 93 109 23 56 3.3 51 62 38 102 4.9 94 110 23.5 58 3.6 52 64 38.5 104 5.2 95 112 24 60 3.3 54 65 39 105 4.9 97 113 24.5 61 3.3 56 67 39.5 106 4.9 98 114 25 63 3.6 57 69 40 107 5.2 99 116 25.5 65 3.6 59 71 40.5 108 5.2 100 117 26 66 3.6 60 72 41 109 5.2 101 118 26.5 68 3.6 62 74 41.5 110 5.2 102 119 27 70 4.0 63 76 10-167

[Page 355] (16) THD (a) THD Hansmann Hansmann H, Hackeloer B., Staudach A.; Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology; New York, Springer Verlag, 1986, English Edition (ISBN 0-387-15384-9); p168-176, p438, p431, p154, p439, p432, p440-441 GA THD (mm) (weeks) Mean 12 17.0 13 20.0 14 24.0 15 27.0 16 31.0 17 34.0 18 37.0 19 40.0 20 44.0 21 47.0 22 50.0 23 53.0 24 56.0 25 59.0 26 62.0 27 65.0 28 69.0 29 72.0 30 74.0 31 78.0 32 81.0 33 83.0 34 86.0 35 89.0 36 92.0 37 94.0 38 97.0 39 99.0 40 101.0 10-168

[Page 356] (17) TIB (a) TIB Chitty Chitty Charts of fetal size: limb bones BJOG: am International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology August 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 919-929 TIB=14451/GA^2-2553.2/GA+120.05 1SD=0.049978*GA+1.1102 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : TIB (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA TIB (mm) 12 7.6 1.7 4.4 5.4 9.8 10.9 13 9.2 1.8 5.9 6.9 11.4 12.5 14 11.4 1.8 8.0 9.1 13.7 14.8 15 14.1 1.9 10.6 11.7 16.4 17.6 16 16.9 1.9 13.3 14.5 19.4 20.5 17 19.9 2.0 16.2 17.4 22.4 23.5 18 22.8 2.0 19.0 20.2 25.4 26.6 19 25.7 2.1 21.8 23.1 28.3 29.6 20 28.5 2.1 24.6 25.8 31.2 32.5 21 31.2 2.2 27.2 28.5 34.0 35.3 22 33.9 2.2 29.7 31.0 36.7 38.0 23 36.4 2.3 32.1 33.5 39.3 40.6 24 38.8 2.3 34.4 35.8 41.7 43.1 25 41.0 2.4 36.6 38.0 44.1 45.5 26 43.2 2.4 38.7 40.1 46.3 47.8 27 45.3 2.5 40.7 42.2 48.5 49.9 28 47.3 2.5 42.6 44.1 50.5 52.0 29 49.2 2.6 44.4 45.9 52.5 54.0 30 51.0 2.6 46.1 47.7 54.3 55.9 31 52.7 2.7 47.7 49.3 56.1 57.7 32 54.4 2.7 49.3 50.9 57.8 59.5 33 56.0 2.8 50.8 52.4 59.5 61.1 34 57.5 2.8 52.2 53.9 61.1 62.7 35 58.9 2.9 53.5 55.2 62.6 64.3 36 60.3 2.9 54.8 56.6 64.0 65.7 37 61.6 3.0 56.0 57.8 65.4 67.2 38 62.9 3.0 57.2 59.0 66.7 68.5 39 64.1 3.1 58.3 60.2 68.0 69.8 40 65.3 3.1 59.4 61.3 69.2 71.1 41 66.4 3.2 60.4 62.3 70.4 72.3 42 67.5 3.2 61.4 63.3 71.6 73.5 43 68.5 3.3 62.4 64.3 72.7 74.6 44 69.5 3.3 63.3 65.3 73.7 75.7 45 70.4 3.4 64.1 66.1 74.7 76.8 10-169

[Page 357] (b) TIB Merz GA TIB (mm) GA TIB (mm) 12.5 7 1.8 4 10 27.5 46 2.4 42 50 13 9 1.8 6 12 28 47 2.4 43 51 13.5 10 1.8 7 13 28.5 48 2.4 44 52 14 12 1.8 9 15 29 49 2.4 45 53 14.5 14 1.8 11 17 29.5 50 2.4 46 54 15 15 1.8 12 18 30 51 2.7 46 55 15.5 17 1.8 14 20 30.5 51 2.7 47 56 16 18 1.8 15 21 31 52 2.4 48 56 16.5 20 2.1 16 23 31.5 53 2.4 49 57 17 21 1.8 18 24 32 54 2.4 50 58 17.5 22 2.1 19 26 32.5 55 2.4 51 59 18 24 1.8 21 27 33 56 2.7 51 60 18.5 25 2.1 22 29 33.5 56 2.7 52 61 19 26 2.1 23 30 34 57 2.7 53 62 19.5 28 2.1 24 31 34.5 58 2.4 54 62 20 29 1.8 26 32 35 59 2.7 54 63 20.5 30 2.1 27 34 35.5 59 2.7 55 64 21 31 2.1 28 35 36 60 2.7 56 65 21.5 33 2.1 29 36 36.5 61 2.7 56 65 22 34 2.1 30 37 37 62 2.7 57 66 22.5 35 2.4 31 39 37.5 62 2.7 58 67 23 36 2.1 33 40 38 63 2.7 58 67 23.5 37 2.1 34 41 38.5 63 2.7 59 68 24 38 2.1 35 42 39 64 3.0 59 69 24.5 40 2.1 36 43 39.5 64 2.7 60 69 25 41 2.1 37 44 40 65 3.0 60 70 25.5 42 2.1 38 45 40.5 65 2.7 61 70 26 43 2.4 39 47 41 66 3.0 61 71 26.5 44 2.4 40 48 41.5 66 3.0 61 71 27 45 2.4 41 49 10-170

[Page 358] (18) Ulna (a) Ulna Chitty Chitty Charts of fetal size: limb bones BJOG: am International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology August 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 919-929 Ulna=11120/GA^2-2146.3/GA+108.94 1SD=0.049218*GA+1.2021 3%-97%tile=Mean±1.88*(1SD) 10%-90%tile=Mean±1.28*(1SD) Output : Ulna (mm) Input max : 42 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA Ulna (mm) 12 7.3 1.8 3.9 5.0 9.6 10.7 13 9.6 1.8 6.2 7.3 12.0 13.1 14 12.4 1.9 8.8 9.9 14.8 15.9 15 15.3 1.9 11.6 12.8 17.8 18.9 16 18.2 2.0 14.5 15.7 20.8 22.0 17 21.2 2.0 17.3 18.6 23.8 25.0 18 24.0 2.1 20.1 21.3 26.7 27.9 19 26.8 2.1 22.8 24.0 29.5 30.8 20 29.4 2.2 25.3 26.6 32.2 33.5 21 32.0 2.2 27.7 29.1 34.8 36.2 22 34.4 2.3 30.1 31.4 37.3 38.7 23 36.6 2.3 32.3 33.7 39.6 41.0 24 38.8 2.4 34.3 35.8 41.9 43.3 25 40.9 2.4 36.3 37.8 44.0 45.5 26 42.8 2.5 38.2 39.7 46.0 47.5 27 44.7 2.5 39.9 41.5 47.9 49.5 28 46.5 2.6 41.6 43.2 49.8 51.3 29 48.2 2.6 43.2 44.8 51.5 53.1 30 49.8 2.7 44.7 46.3 53.2 54.8 31 51.3 2.7 46.1 47.8 54.8 56.4 32 52.7 2.8 47.5 49.2 56.3 57.9 33 54.1 2.8 48.8 50.5 57.7 59.4 34 55.4 2.9 50.0 51.8 59.1 60.8 35 56.7 2.9 51.2 53.0 60.4 62.2 36 57.9 3.0 52.3 54.1 61.7 63.5 37 59.1 3.0 53.4 55.2 62.9 64.7 38 60.2 3.1 54.4 56.2 64.1 65.9 39 61.2 3.1 55.3 57.2 65.2 67.1 40 62.2 3.2 56.3 58.2 66.3 68.2 41 63.2 3.2 57.2 59.1 67.3 69.3 42 64.1 3.3 58.0 60.0 68.3 70.3 43 65.0 3.3 58.8 60.8 69.3 71.3 44 65.9 3.4 59.6 61.6 70.2 72.2 45 66.7 3.4 60.3 62.4 71.1 73.2 10-171

[Page 359] (b) Ulna Merz GA Ulna (mm) GA Ulna (mm) 12.5 5 1.5 3 8 27.5 44 2.1 41 48 13 8 1.8 5 11 28 45 2.4 41 49 13.5 10 1.8 7 13 28.5 46 2.4 42 50 14 11 1.8 8 14 29 47 2.4 43 51 14.5 13 1.8 10 16 29.5 48 2.4 44 52 15 15 1.8 12 18 30 49 2.1 45 52 15.5 16 1.8 13 19 30.5 49 2.1 46 53 16 18 1.8 15 21 31 50 2.4 46 54 16.5 19 1.8 16 22 31.5 51 2.4 47 55 17 21 2.1 17 24 32 52 2.4 48 56 17.5 22 1.8 19 25 32.5 53 2.1 49 56 18 23 2.1 20 27 33 53 2.4 49 57 18.5 25 2.1 21 28 33.5 54 2.4 50 58 19 26 1.8 23 29 34 55 2.4 51 59 19.5 27 2.1 24 31 34.5 55 2.4 51 59 20 28 2.1 25 32 35 56 2.4 52 60 20.5 30 2.1 26 33 35.5 57 2.7 52 61 21 31 2.1 27 34 36 57 2.4 53 61 21.5 32 1.8 29 35 36.5 58 2.4 54 62 22 33 2.1 30 37 37 58 2.7 54 63 22.5 34 2.1 31 38 37.5 59 2.4 55 63 23 35 2.1 32 39 38 59 2.7 55 64 23.5 36 2.1 33 40 38.5 60 2.4 56 64 24 37 2.1 34 41 39 60 2.7 56 65 24.5 38 2.1 35 42 39.5 61 2.4 57 65 25 39 2.1 36 43 40 61 2.7 57 66 25.5 40 2.1 37 44 40.5 62 2.7 57 66 26 41 2.1 38 45 41 62 2.4 58 66 26.5 42 2.1 39 46 41.5 62 2.7 58 67 27 43 2.1 40 47 10-172

[Page 360] (19) Va (a) Va Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 Va=4.8058346+0.1275596*GA 1SD=0.8994 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : Va (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA Va (mm) 14 6.6 0.8994 5.1 8.1 15 6.7 0.8994 5.2 8.2 16 6.8 0.8994 5.4 8.3 17 7.0 0.8994 5.5 8.5 18 7.1 0.8994 5.6 8.6 19 7.2 0.8994 5.7 8.7 20 7.4 0.8994 5.9 8.8 21 7.5 0.8994 6.0 9.0 22 7.6 0.8994 6.1 9.1 23 7.7 0.8994 6.3 9.2 24 7.9 0.8994 6.4 9.3 25 8.0 0.8994 6.5 9.5 26 8.1 0.8994 6.6 9.6 27 8.2 0.8994 6.8 9.7 28 8.4 0.8994 6.9 9.9 29 8.5 0.8994 7.0 10.0 30 8.6 0.8994 7.2 10.1 31 8.8 0.8994 7.3 10.2 32 8.9 0.8994 7.4 10.4 33 9.0 0.8994 7.5 10.5 34 9.1 0.8994 7.7 10.6 35 9.3 0.8994 7.8 10.7 36 9.4 0.8994 7.9 10.9 37 9.5 0.8994 8.0 11.0 38 9.7 0.8994 8.2 11.1 39 9.8 0.8994 8.3 11.3 40 9.9 0.8994 8.4 11.4 41 10.0 0.8994 8.6 11.5 42 10.2 0.8994 8.7 11.6 43 10.3 0.8994 8.8 11.8 44 10.4 0.8994 8.9 11.9 45 10.5 0.8994 9.1 12.0 10-173

[Page 361] (20) Vp (a) Vp Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 Vp=5.5165990+0.0841459*GA 1SD=1.022 Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : Vp (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) GA Vp (mm) 14 6.7 1.022 5.0 8.4 15 6.8 1.022 5.1 8.5 16 6.9 1.022 5.2 8.5 17 6.9 1.022 5.3 8.6 18 7.0 1.022 5.4 8.7 19 7.1 1.022 5.4 8.8 20 7.2 1.022 5.5 8.9 21 7.3 1.022 5.6 9.0 22 7.4 1.022 5.7 9.0 23 7.5 1.022 5.8 9.1 24 7.5 1.022 5.9 9.2 25 7.6 1.022 5.9 9.3 26 7.7 1.022 6.0 9.4 27 7.8 1.022 6.1 9.5 28 7.9 1.022 6.2 9.6 29 8.0 1.022 6.3 9.6 30 8.0 1.022 6.4 9.7 31 8.1 1.022 6.4 9.8 32 8.2 1.022 6.5 9.9 33 8.3 1.022 6.6 10.0 34 8.4 1.022 6.7 10.1 35 8.5 1.022 6.8 10.1 36 8.5 1.022 6.9 10.2 37 8.6 1.022 6.9 10.3 38 8.7 1.022 7.0 10.4 39 8.8 1.022 7.1 10.5 40 8.9 1.022 7.2 10.6 41 9.0 1.022 7.3 10.6 42 9.1 1.022 7.4 10.7 43 9.1 1.022 7.5 10.8 44 9.2 1.022 7.5 10.9 45 9.3 1.022 7.6 11.0 10-174

[Page 362] (21) EFW (a) EFW Hadlock Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Matinex-Poyer J "In utero analysis of fetal growth: A sonographic weight standard" Radiology 181: 129-133, 1991 EFW=e ^(0.578+0.332*GA − 0.00354*GA^2) 1SD=INT((90%-10%)/2.56+0.5) 10%-90%=EFW±0.17*EFW 3%-97%=EFW±1.885*1SD Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 10 (weeks) Output : EFW (g) Input max : 40 (weeks) (Extrapolated on 45 weeks) (weeks) Mean 1SD 3% 10% 90% 97% 10 35 5 26 29 41 44 11 45 6 34 37 53 56 12 58 8 43 48 68 73 13 73 10 55 61 85 91 14 93 12 70 77 109 116 15 117 15 88 97 137 146 16 146 19 110 121 171 183 17 181 24 136 150 212 226 18 223 30 167 185 261 279 19 273 36 205 227 319 341 20 331 44 248 275 387 414 21 399 53 299 331 467 499 22 478 64 359 398 559 598 23 568 76 426 471 665 710 24 670 89 503 556 784 838 25 785 104 589 652 918 981 26 913 121 685 758 1068 1141 27 1055 140 791 876 1234 1319 28 1210 161 908 1004 1416 1513 29 1379 184 1034 1145 1613 1724 30 1559 207 1169 1294 1824 1949 31 1751 233 1313 1453 2049 2189 32 1953 260 1465 1621 2285 2441 33 2162 288 1622 1794 2530 2703 34 2377 316 1783 1973 2781 2971 35 2595 345 1946 2154 3036 3244 36 2813 374 2110 2335 3291 3516 37 3028 403 2271 2513 3543 3785 38 3236 430 2427 2686 3786 4045 39 3435 457 2576 2851 4019 4294 40 3619 481 2714 3004 4234 4524 41 3787 481 2839 3143 4430 4734 42 3934 500 2950 3265 4603 4918 43 4058 515 3043 3368 4748 5074 44 4157 528 3117 3450 4864 5197 45 4228 537 3170 3509 4947 5286 10-175

[Page 363] (b) EFW Osaka Mineo Aoki, Motohiro Yamada Evaluation of fetal growth Obstetrics and gynecological treatment Vol. 47 No. 5 (1983: 11) (Extrapolated on 42 weeks) GA EFW (g) GA EFW (g) 16w0d 137.0 29.0 79.0 93.5 180.5 195.0 23w0d 611.0 83.0 445.0 486.5 735.5 777.0 16w1d 142.0 29.0 84.0 98.5 185.5 200.0 23w1d 626.0 85.0 456.0 498.5 753.5 796.0 16w2d 147.0 29.0 89.0 103.5 190.5 205.0 23w2d 641.0 87.0 467.0 510.5 771.5 815.0 16w3d 153.0 29.0 95.0 109.5 196.5 211.0 23w3d 656.0 89.0 478.0 522.5 789.5 834.0 16w4d 158.0 30.0 98.0 113.0 203.0 218.0 23w4d 672.0 91.0 490.0 535.5 808.5 854.0 16w5d 164.0 30.0 104.0 119.0 209.0 224.0 23w5d 688.0 92.0 504.0 550.0 826.0 872.0 16w6d 170.0 30.0 110.0 125.0 215.0 230.0 23w6d 704.0 94.0 516.0 563.0 845.0 892.0 17w0d 176.0 31.0 114.0 129.5 222.5 238.0 24w0d 720.0 96.0 528.0 576.0 864.0 912.0 17w1d 182.0 31.0 120.0 135.5 228.5 244.0 24w1d 736.0 98.0 540.0 589.0 883.0 932.0 17w2d 188.0 32.0 124.0 140.0 236.0 252.0 24w2d 753.0 100.0 553.0 603.0 903.0 953.0 17w3d 195.0 33.0 129.0 145.5 244.5 261.0 24w3d 770.0 102.0 566.0 617.0 923.0 974.0 17w4d 202.0 33.0 136.0 152.5 251.5 268.0 24w4d 787.0 104.0 579.0 631.0 943.0 995.0 17w5d 209.0 34.0 141.0 158.0 260.0 277.0 24w5d 804.0 106.0 592.0 645.0 963.0 1016.0 17w6d 216.0 35.0 146.0 163.5 268.5 286.0 24w6d 822.0 108.0 606.0 660.0 984.0 1038.0 18w0d 223.0 35.0 153.0 170.5 275.5 293.0 25w0d 839.0 110.0 619.0 674.0 1004.0 1059.0 18w1d 231.0 36.0 159.0 177.0 285.0 303.0 25w1d 857.0 112.0 633.0 689.0 1025.0 1081.0 18w2d 238.0 37.0 164.0 182.5 293.5 312.0 25w2d 875.0 114.0 647.0 704.0 1046.0 1103.0 18w3d 246.0 38.0 170.0 189.0 303.0 322.0 25w3d 893.0 116.0 661.0 719.0 1067.0 1125.0 18w4d 254.0 39.0 176.0 195.5 312.5 332.0 25w4d 912.0 118.0 676.0 735.0 1089.0 1148.0 18w5d 263.0 40.0 183.0 203.0 323.0 343.0 25w5d 930.0 120.0 690.0 750.0 1110.0 1170.0 18w6d 271.0 41.0 189.0 209.5 332.5 353.0 25w6d 949.0 123.0 703.0 764.5 1133.5 1195.0 19w0d 280.0 42.0 196.0 217.0 343.0 364.0 26w0d 968.0 125.0 718.0 780.5 1155.5 1218.0 19w1d 289.0 43.0 203.0 224.5 353.5 375.0 26w1d 987.0 127.0 733.0 796.5 1177.5 1241.0 19w2d 298.0 44.0 210.0 232.0 364.0 386.0 26w2d 1007.0 129.0 749.0 813.5 1200.5 1265.0 19w3d 308.0 45.0 218.0 240.5 375.5 398.0 26w3d 1026.0 131.0 764.0 829.5 1222.5 1288.0 19w4d 317.0 46.0 225.0 248.0 386.0 409.0 26w4d 1046.0 133.0 780.0 846.5 1245.5 1312.0 19w5d 327.0 48.0 231.0 255.0 399.0 423.0 26w5d 1066.0 135.0 796.0 863.5 1268.5 1336.0 19w6d 337.0 49.0 239.0 263.5 410.5 435.0 26w6d 1086.0 138.0 810.0 879.0 1293.0 1362.0 20w0d 347.0 50.0 247.0 272.0 422.0 447.0 27w0d 1106.0 140.0 826.0 896.0 1316.0 1386.0 20w1d 358.0 51.0 256.0 281.5 434.5 460.0 27w1d 1127.0 142.0 843.0 914.0 1340.0 1411.0 20w2d 368.0 53.0 262.0 288.5 447.5 474.0 27w2d 1147.0 144.0 859.0 931.0 1363.0 1435.0 20w3d 379.0 54.0 271.0 298.0 460.0 487.0 27w3d 1168.0 146.0 876.0 949.0 1387.0 1460.0 20w4d 390.0 56.0 278.0 306.0 474.0 502.0 27w4d 1189.0 149.0 891.0 965.5 1412.5 1487.0 20w5d 401.0 57.0 287.0 315.5 486.5 515.0 27w5d 1210.0 151.0 908.0 983.5 1436.5 1512.0 20w6d 413.0 58.0 297.0 326.0 500.0 529.0 27w6d 1232.0 153.0 926.0 1002.5 1461.5 1538.0 21w0d 425.0 60.0 305.0 335.0 515.0 545.0 28w0d 1253.0 155.0 943.0 1020.5 1485.5 1563.0 21w1d 436.0 61.0 314.0 344.5 527.5 558.0 28w1d 1275.0 158.0 959.0 1038.0 1512.0 1591.0 21w2d 449.0 63.0 323.0 354.5 543.5 575.0 28w2d 1296.0 160.0 976.0 1056.0 1536.0 1616.0 21w3d 461.0 65.0 331.0 363.5 558.5 591.0 28w3d 1318.0 162.0 994.0 1075.0 1561.0 1642.0 21w4d 474.0 66.0 342.0 375.0 573.0 606.0 28w4d 1340.0 164.0 1012.0 1094.0 1586.0 1668.0 21w5d 486.0 68.0 350.0 384.0 588.0 622.0 28w5d 1363.0 167.0 1029.0 1112.5 1613.5 1697.0 21w6d 499.0 69.0 361.0 395.5 602.5 637.0 28w6d 1385.0 169.0 1047.0 1131.5 1638.5 1723.0 22w0d 513.0 71.0 371.0 406.5 619.5 655.0 29w0d 1407.0 171.0 1065.0 1150.5 1663.5 1749.0 22w1d 526.0 73.0 380.0 416.5 635.5 672.0 29w1d 1430.0 174.0 1082.0 1169.0 1691.0 1778.0 22w2d 540.0 74.0 392.0 429.0 651.0 688.0 29w2d 1453.0 176.0 1101.0 1189.0 1717.0 1805.0 22w3d 553.0 76.0 401.0 439.0 667.0 705.0 29w3d 1476.0 178.0 1120.0 1209.0 1743.0 1832.0 22w4d 568.0 78.0 412.0 451.0 685.0 724.0 29w4d 1499.0 181.0 1137.0 1227.5 1770.5 1861.0 22w5d 582.0 80.0 422.0 462.0 702.0 742.0 29w5d 1522.0 183.0 1156.0 1247.5 1796.5 1888.0 22w6d 596.0 81.0 434.0 474.5 717.5 758.0 29w6d 1545.0 185.0 1175.0 1267.5 1822.5 1915.0 10-176

[Page 364] GA EFW (g) GA EFW (g) 30w0d 1568.0 188.0 1192.0 1286.0 1850.0 1944.0 36w0d 2600.0 296.0 2008.0 2156.0 3044.0 3192.0 30w1d 1592.0 190.0 1212.0 1307.0 1877.0 1972.0 36w1d 2624.0 299.0 2026.0 2175.5 3072.5 3222.0 30w2d 1615.0 192.0 1231.0 1327.0 1903.0 1999.0 36w2d 2648.0 302.0 2044.0 2195.0 3101.0 3252.0 30w3d 1639.0 195.0 1249.0 1346.5 1931.5 2029.0 36w3d 2672.0 305.0 2062.0 2214.5 3129.5 3282.0 30w4d 1663.0 197.0 1269.0 1367.5 1958.5 2057.0 36w4d 2696.0 308.0 2080.0 2234.0 3158.0 3312.0 30w5d 1687.0 200.0 1287.0 1387.0 1987.0 2087.0 36w5d 2720.0 311.0 2098.0 2253.5 3186.5 3342.0 30w6d 1711.0 202.0 1307.0 1408.0 2014.0 2115.0 36w6d 2744.0 314.0 2116.0 2273.0 3215.0 3372.0 31w0d 1735.0 204.0 1327.0 1429.0 2041.0 2143.0 37w0d 2767.0 317.0 2133.0 2291.5 3242.5 3401.0 31w1d 1759.0 207.0 1345.0 1448.5 2069.5 2173.0 37w1d 2791.0 320.0 2151.0 2311.0 3271.0 3431.0 31w2d 1783.0 209.0 1365.0 1469.5 2096.5 2201.0 37w2d 2814.0 323.0 2168.0 2329.5 3298.5 3460.0 31w3d 1808.0 212.0 1384.0 1490.0 2126.0 2232.0 37w3d 2837.0 326.0 2185.0 2348.0 3326.0 3489.0 31w4d 1832.0 214.0 1404.0 1511.0 2153.0 2260.0 37w4d 2860.0 329.0 2202.0 2366.5 3353.5 3518.0 31w5d 1857.0 217.0 1423.0 1531.5 2182.5 2291.0 37w5d 2883.0 332.0 2219.0 2385.0 3381.0 3547.0 31w6d 1881.0 219.0 1443.0 1552.5 2209.5 2319.0 37w6d 2906.0 335.0 2236.0 2403.5 3408.5 3576.0 32w0d 1906.0 222.0 1462.0 1573.0 2239.0 2350.0 38w0d 2928.0 339.0 2250.0 2419.5 3436.5 3606.0 32w1d 1930.0 224.0 1482.0 1594.0 2266.0 2378.0 38w1d 2950.0 342.0 2266.0 2437.0 3463.0 3634.0 32w2d 1955.0 227.0 1501.0 1614.5 2295.5 2409.0 38w2d 2973.0 345.0 2283.0 2455.5 3490.5 3663.0 32w3d 1980.0 229.0 1522.0 1636.5 2323.5 2438.0 38w3d 2995.0 348.0 2299.0 2473.0 3517.0 3691.0 32w4d 2005.0 232.0 1541.0 1657.0 2353.0 2469.0 38w4d 3016.0 352.0 2312.0 2488.0 3544.0 3720.0 32w5d 2029.0 234.0 1561.0 1678.0 2380.0 2497.0 38w5d 3038.0 355.0 2328.0 2505.5 3570.5 3748.0 32w6d 2054.0 237.0 1580.0 1698.5 2409.5 2528.0 38w6d 3059.0 358.0 2343.0 2522.0 3596.0 3775.0 33w0d 2079.0 239.0 1601.0 1720.5 2437.5 2557.0 39w0d 3080.0 362.0 2356.0 2537.0 3623.0 3804.0 33w1d 2104.0 242.0 1620.0 1741.0 2467.0 2588.0 39w1d 3101.0 365.0 2371.0 2553.5 3648.5 3831.0 33w2d 2129.0 244.0 1641.0 1763.0 2495.0 2617.0 39w2d 3121.0 369.0 2383.0 2567.5 3674.5 3859.0 33w3d 2154.0 247.0 1660.0 1783.5 2524.5 2648.0 39w3d 3142.0 372.0 2398.0 2584.0 3700.0 3886.0 33w4d 2179.0 250.0 1679.0 1804.0 2554.0 2679.0 39w4d 3162.0 376.0 2410.0 2598.0 3726.0 3914.0 33w5d 2204.0 252.0 1700.0 1826.0 2582.0 2708.0 39w5d 3182.0 379.0 2424.0 2613.5 3750.5 3940.0 33w6d 2229.0 255.0 1719.0 1846.5 2611.5 2739.0 39w6d 3201.0 383.0 2435.0 2626.5 3775.5 3967.0 34w0d 2254.0 257.0 1740.0 1868.5 2639.5 2768.0 40w0d 3220.0 387.0 2446.0 2639.5 3800.5 3994.0 34w1d 2279.0 260.0 1759.0 1889.0 2669.0 2799.0 40w1d 3239.0 390.0 2459.0 2654.0 3824.0 4019.0 34w2d 2304.0 263.0 1778.0 1909.5 2698.5 2830.0 40w2d 3258.0 394.0 2470.0 2667.0 3849.0 4046.0 34w3d 2329.0 265.0 1799.0 1931.5 2726.5 2859.0 40w3d 3276.0 398.0 2480.0 2679.0 3873.0 4072.0 34w4d 2354.0 268.0 1818.0 1952.0 2756.0 2890.0 40w4d 3295.0 402.0 2491.0 2692.0 3898.0 4099.0 34w5d 2379.0 271.0 1837.0 1972.5 2785.5 2921.0 40w5d 3312.0 405.0 2502.0 2704.5 3919.5 4122.0 34w6d 2403.0 274.0 1855.0 1992.0 2814.0 2951.0 40w6d 3330.0 409.0 2512.0 2716.5 3943.5 4148.0 35w0d 2428.0 276.0 1876.0 2014.0 2842.0 2980.0 41w0d 3347.0 413.0 2521.0 2727.5 3966.5 4173.0 35w1d 2453.0 279.0 1895.0 2034.5 2871.5 3011.0 41w1d 3364.0 417.0 2530.0 2738.5 3989.5 4198.0 35w2d 2478.0 282.0 1914.0 2055.0 2901.0 3042.0 41w2d 3380.0 421.0 2538.0 2748.5 4011.5 4222.0 35w3d 2502.0 285.0 1932.0 2074.5 2929.5 3072.0 41w3d 3396.0 425.0 2546.0 2758.5 4033.5 4246.0 35w4d 2527.0 288.0 1951.0 2095.0 2959.0 3103.0 41w4d 3412.0 429.0 2554.0 2768.5 4055.5 4270.0 35w5d 2551.0 290.0 1971.0 2116.0 2986.0 3131.0 41w5d 3427.0 433.0 2561.0 2777.5 4076.5 4293.0 35w6d 2576.0 293.0 1990.0 2136.5 3015.5 3162.0 41w6d 3442.0 438.0 2566.0 2785.0 4099.0 4318.0 42w0d 3456.0 442.0 2572.0 2793.0 4119.0 4340.0 10-177

[Page 365] 10.4 Charts for Creating Trend Graphs (1) AFI (a) AFI Moore Moore, Th. R., Cayle, J. E., "The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy" Am J Obstet Gynecol Vol. 162 No. 5, 1990, pages 1168-1173 GA AFI (mm) (weeks) Mean 2.5%tile 5%tile 95%tile 97.5%tile 16 121 73 79 185 201 17 127 77 83 194 211 18 133 80 87 202 220 19 137 83 90 207 225 20 141 86 93 212 230 21 143 88 95 214 233 22 145 89 97 216 235 23 146 90 98 218 237 24 147 90 98 219 238 25 147 89 97 221 240 26 147 89 97 223 242 27 146 85 95 226 245 28 146 86 94 228 249 29 145 84 92 231 254 30 145 82 90 234 258 31 144 79 88 238 263 32 144 77 86 242 269 33 143 74 83 245 274 34 142 72 81 248 278 35 140 70 79 249 279 36 138 68 77 249 279 37 135 66 75 244 275 38 132 65 73 239 269 39 127 64 72 226 255 40 123 63 71 214 240 41 116 63 70 194 216 42 110 63 69 175 192 10-178

[Page 366] (2) Va/Hem (a) Va/Hem Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 Va/Hem=Power(10,(0.5404806-0.0854273*GA+0.0019594*GA^2-0.0000147 *GA^3)) 1SD=0.04766 5%-95%tile=Power(10,(Mean±1.645*1SD)) Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : Va/Hem (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) GA Va/Hem 14 0.49 0.41 0.58 15 0.45 0.37 0.54 16 0.41 0.34 0.49 17 0.38 0.32 0.46 18 0.36 0.3 0.43 19 0.33 0.28 0.4 20 0.31 0.26 0.38 21 0.3 0.25 0.36 22 0.28 0.24 0.34 23 0.27 0.23 0.32 24 0.26 0.22 0.31 25 0.25 0.21 0.3 26 0.24 0.2 0.29 27 0.24 0.2 0.28 28 0.23 0.19 0.28 29 0.23 0.19 0.27 30 0.22 0.18 0.26 31 0.22 0.18 0.26 32 0.21 0.18 0.26 33 0.21 0.18 0.25 34 0.21 0.18 0.25 35 0.21 0.17 0.25 36 0.21 0.17 0.25 37 0.21 0.17 0.25 38 0.21 0.17 0.25 39 0.21 0.17 0.25 40 0.21 0.17 0.25 10-179

[Page 367] (3) Vp/Hem (a) Vp/Hem Nicolaides Nicolaides Fetal biometry at 14-40 week’s gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 1994: P34-48 Vp/Hem=Power(10,(0.2467422-0.0484430*GA+0.0004638*GA^2+0.0000036 *GA^3)) 1SD=0.05683 5%-95%tile=Power(10,(Mean±1.645*1SD)) Input : GA (weeks) Input min : 14 (weeks) Output : Vp/Hem (mm) Input max : 40 (weeks) GA Vp/Hem 14 0.47 0.38 0.58 15 0.43 0.35 0.54 16 0.4 0.32 0.5 17 0.38 0.3 0.47 18 0.35 0.28 0.44 19 0.33 0.27 0.41 20 0.31 0.25 0.39 21 0.29 0.24 0.36 22 0.28 0.22 0.34 23 0.26 0.21 0.33 24 0.25 0.2 0.31 25 0.24 0.19 0.3 26 0.23 0.19 0.29 27 0.22 0.18 0.28 28 0.22 0.17 0.27 29 0.21 0.17 0.26 30 0.2 0.16 0.25 31 0.2 0.16 0.25 32 0.19 0.16 0.24 33 0.19 0.15 0.24 34 0.19 0.15 0.23 35 0.19 0.15 0.23 36 0.19 0.15 0.23 37 0.19 0.15 0.23 38 0.19 0.15 0.23 39 0.19 0.15 0.23 40 0.19 0.15 0.24 10-180

[Page 368] (4) DV a/S (a) DV a/S Baschat DV a/S=-0.0006*GA+0.5197 1SD=0.10 Output : DV a/S Input max : 40 (weeks) GA DV a/S 20 0.508 0.1 0.343 0.672 21 0.507 0.1 0.343 0.672 22 0.507 0.1 0.342 0.671 23 0.506 0.1 0.341 0.670 24 0.505 0.1 0.341 0.670 25 0.505 0.1 0.340 0.669 26 0.504 0.1 0.340 0.669 27 0.504 0.1 0.339 0.668 28 0.503 0.1 0.338 0.667 29 0.502 0.1 0.338 0.667 30 0.502 0.1 0.337 0.666 31 0.501 0.1 0.337 0.666 32 0.501 0.1 0.336 0.665 33 0.500 0.1 0.335 0.664 34 0.499 0.1 0.335 0.664 35 0.499 0.1 0.334 0.663 36 0.498 0.1 0.334 0.663 37 0.498 0.1 0.333 0.662 38 0.497 0.1 0.332 0.661 39 0.496 0.1 0.332 0.661 40 0.496 0.1 0.331 0.660 10-181

[Page 369] (5) DV PIV (a) DV PIV Baschat DV PIV=-0.001*GA+0.6625 1SD=0.14 Output : DV PIV Input max : 40 (weeks) GA DV PIV 20 0.643 0.14 0.412 0.873 21 0.642 0.14 0.411 0.872 22 0.641 0.14 0.410 0.871 23 0.640 0.14 0.409 0.870 24 0.639 0.14 0.408 0.869 25 0.638 0.14 0.407 0.868 26 0.637 0.14 0.406 0.867 27 0.636 0.14 0.405 0.866 28 0.635 0.14 0.404 0.865 29 0.634 0.14 0.403 0.864 30 0.633 0.14 0.402 0.863 31 0.632 0.14 0.401 0.862 32 0.631 0.14 0.400 0.861 33 0.630 0.14 0.399 0.860 34 0.629 0.14 0.398 0.859 35 0.628 0.14 0.397 0.858 36 0.627 0.14 0.396 0.857 37 0.626 0.14 0.395 0.856 38 0.625 0.14 0.394 0.855 39 0.624 0.14 0.393 0.854 40 0.623 0.14 0.392 0.853 10-182

[Page 370] (6) DV PVIV (a) DV PVIV Baschat DV PVIV=-0.0006*GA+0.592 1SD=0.12 Output : DV PVIV Input max : 40 (weeks) GA DV PVIV 20 0.580 0.12 0.383 0.777 21 0.579 0.12 0.382 0.777 22 0.579 0.12 0.381 0.776 23 0.578 0.12 0.381 0.776 24 0.578 0.12 0.380 0.775 25 0.577 0.12 0.380 0.774 26 0.576 0.12 0.379 0.774 27 0.576 0.12 0.378 0.773 28 0.575 0.12 0.378 0.773 29 0.575 0.12 0.377 0.772 30 0.574 0.12 0.377 0.771 31 0.573 0.12 0.376 0.771 32 0.573 0.12 0.375 0.770 33 0.572 0.12 0.375 0.770 34 0.572 0.12 0.374 0.769 35 0.571 0.12 0.374 0.768 36 0.570 0.12 0.373 0.768 37 0.570 0.12 0.372 0.767 38 0.569 0.12 0.372 0.767 39 0.569 0.12 0.371 0.766 40 0.568 0.12 0.371 0.765 10-183

[Page 371] (7) DV S/a (a) DV S/a Baschat DV S/a=-0.0023*GA+2.2073 1SD=0.50 Output : DV S/a Input max : 40 (weeks) GA DV S/a 20 2.161 0.5 1.339 2.984 21 2.159 0.5 1.337 2.982 22 2.157 0.5 1.334 2.979 23 2.154 0.5 1.332 2.977 24 2.152 0.5 1.33 2.975 25 2.15 0.5 1.327 2.972 26 2.148 0.5 1.325 2.97 27 2.145 0.5 1.323 2.968 28 2.143 0.5 1.32 2.965 29 2.141 0.5 1.318 2.963 30 2.138 0.5 1.316 2.961 31 2.136 0.5 1.314 2.959 32 2.134 0.5 1.311 2.956 33 2.131 0.5 1.309 2.954 34 2.129 0.5 1.307 2.952 35 2.127 0.5 1.304 2.949 36 2.125 0.5 1.302 2.947 37 2.122 0.5 1.3 2.945 38 2.12 0.5 1.297 2.942 39 2.118 0.5 1.295 2.94 40 2.115 0.5 1.293 2.938 10-184

[Page 372] (8) Fetal Ao PI (a) Fetal Ao PI Harrington K. Harrington, R. G. Carpenter, M. Nguyen and S. Campbell Changes observed in Doppler studies of the fetal circulation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia or the delivery of a small-for-gestational age baby. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 1995 Jul; 6 (1): 19-28 GA Fetal Ao PI 22 1.84 1.45 2.30 23 1.85 1.45 2.32 24 1.86 1.45 2.33 25 1.86 1.46 2.35 26 1.87 1.46 2.36 27 1.88 1.46 2.38 28 1.89 1.46 2.39 29 1.90 1.46 2.41 30 1.90 1.46 2.42 31 1.91 1.46 2.44 32 1.92 1.46 2.45 33 1.93 1.47 2.47 34 1.94 1.47 2.49 35 1.95 1.47 2.50 36 1.95 1.47 2.52 37 1.96 1.47 2.53 38 1.97 1.47 2.55 39 1.98 1.47 2.56 40 1.99 1.47 2.58 41 1.99 1.47 2.59 42 2.00 1.48 2.61 10-185

[Page 373] (b) Fetal Ao PI Mai R. Mai, P. Kristen, A. Rempen Farb-Dopplersonographische Normalwerte in der Schwangershaft Z. Geburish.u.Perinat. p221-222 GA Fetal Ao PI 30 1.73 1.39 1.46 2.00 2.07 31 1.70 1.36 1.43 1.96 2.04 32 1.67 1.33 1.40 1.94 2.01 33 1.65 1.31 1.38 1.91 1.99 34 1.63 1.29 1.36 1.90 1.97 35 1.62 1.28 1.35 1.89 1.96 36 1.61 1.27 1.34 1.88 1.95 37 1.61 1.27 1.34 1.88 1.95 38 1.62 1.28 1.35 1.89 1.96 39 1.63 1.29 1.36 1.90 1.97 40 1.64 1.30 1.37 1.91 1.98 (c) Fetal Ao PI Schaffer GA Fetal Ao PI 20 1.88 1.34 2.42 21 1.89 1.35 2.44 22 1.91 1.37 2.45 23 1.92 1.38 2.46 24 1.93 1.39 2.47 25 1.95 1.41 2.49 26 1.96 1.42 2.50 27 1.97 1.43 2.51 28 1.99 1.45 2.53 29 2.01 1.47 2.55 30 2.02 1.48 2.56 31 2.04 1.50 2.58 32 2.06 1.52 2.60 33 2.07 1.53 2.62 34 2.09 1.55 2.63 35 2.11 1.57 2.65 36 2.13 1.59 2.67 37 2.15 1.61 2.69 38 2.17 1.63 2.71 39 2.20 1.65 2.74 40 2.22 1.68 2.76 41 2.24 1.70 2.78 42 2.26 1.72 2.80 10-186

[Page 374] (9) Fetal Ao RI (a) Fetal Ao RI Mai R. Mai, P. Kristen, A. Rempen Farb-Dopplersonographische Normalwerte in der Schwangershaft Z. Geburish.u.Perinat. p221-222 GA Fetal Ao RI 30 0.81 0.74 0.75 0.88 0.89 31 0.80 0.73 0.74 0.87 0.88 32 0.80 0.72 0.73 0.86 0.88 33 0.79 0.71 0.73 0.85 0.87 34 0.78 0.71 0.72 0.84 0.86 35 0.78 0.70 0.72 0.84 0.86 36 0.77 0.70 0.71 0.84 0.85 37 0.77 0.69 0.71 0.83 0.85 38 0.77 0.69 0.71 0.83 0.85 39 0.77 0.69 0.71 0.83 0.85 40 0.77 0.69 0.71 0.83 0.85 10-187

[Page 375] (b) Fetal Ao RI Schaffer GA Fetal Ao RI 20 0.84 0.77 0.90 21 0.84 0.77 0.90 22 0.84 0.77 0.90 23 0.84 0.77 0.90 24 0.84 0.77 0.90 25 0.84 0.77 0.90 26 0.84 0.77 0.91 27 0.84 0.77 0.91 28 0.84 0.77 0.91 29 0.84 0.77 0.91 30 0.84 0.78 0.91 31 0.84 0.78 0.91 32 0.84 0.78 0.91 33 0.85 0.78 0.91 34 0.85 0.78 0.91 35 0.85 0.78 0.91 36 0.85 0.78 0.92 37 0.85 0.78 0.92 38 0.85 0.78 0.92 39 0.85 0.79 0.92 40 0.85 0.79 0.92 41 0.86 0.79 0.92 42 0.86 0.79 0.92 10-188

[Page 376] (10) MCA PI (a) MCA PI Bahlman Bahlmann F, Reinhard I, Krummenauer F, Neubert S, Macchiella D, Wellek S. Blood flow velocity waveforms of the fetal middle cerebral artery in a normal population: reference values from 18 weeks to 42 weeks of gestation. J.Perinat.Med. 2002; 30: 490-501 18 1.51 1.01 2.02 19 1.59 1.13 2.11 20 1.67 1.19 2.18 21 1.73 1.26 2.25 22 1.78 1.31 2.30 23 1.83 1.35 2.35 24 1.87 1.39 2.40 25 1.90 1.41 2.43 26 1.92 1.43 2.45 27 1.93 1.44 2.47 28 1.94 1.45 2.48 29 1.94 1.44 2.48 30 1.92 1.43 2.47 31 1.90 1.40 2.45 32 1.88 1.37 2.43 33 1.84 1.33 2.39 34 1.80 1.29 2.35 35 1.74 1.23 2.30 36 1.68 1.17 2.24 37 1.61 1.09 2.17 38 1.53 1.01 2.10 39 1.45 0.92 2.02 40 1.35 0.83 1.92 41 1.25 0.72 1.82 42 1.14 0.61 1.72 10-189

[Page 377] (b) MCA PI Harrigton K. Harrington, R. G. Carpenter, M. Nguyen and S. Campbell Changes observed in Doppler studies of the fetal circulation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia or the delivery of a small-for-gestational age baby. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 1995 Jul; 6 (1): 19-28 22 1.88 1.45 2.47 23 1.96 1.54 2.55 24 2.03 1.60 2.61 25 2.07 1.65 2.65 26 2.09 1.68 2.67 27 2.10 1.69 2.67 28 2.09 1.68 2.66 29 2.07 1.66 2.63 30 2.03 1.63 2.60 31 1.98 1.58 2.54 32 1.92 1.52 2.48 33 1.86 1.46 2.41 34 1.78 1.39 2.33 35 1.70 1.31 2.25 36 1.61 1.22 2.16 37 1.52 1.13 2.06 38 1.42 1.04 1.96 39 1.33 0.95 1.87 40 1.23 0.85 1.77 41 1.14 0.76 1.67 42 1.05 0.67 1.58 10-190

[Page 378] (c) MCA PI JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 MCA PI Mean=-2.68+3.10*10^-1*GA-5.20*10^-3*GA^2 MCA PI 5%=-9.69*10^-1+1.74*10^-1*GA-3.10*10^-3*GA^2 MCA PI 10%=-1.47+2.11*10^-1*GA-3.70*10^-3*GA^2 MCA PI 90%=-2.54+3.31*10^-1*GA-5.50*10^-3*GA^2 MCA PI 95%=-2.39+3.31*10^-1*GA-5.60*10^-3*GA^2 Output : MCA PI Input max : 41 (weeks) 20 1.44 1.27 1.27 1.88 1.99 21 1.54 1.32 1.33 1.99 2.09 22 1.62 1.36 1.38 2.08 2.18 23 1.70 1.39 1.43 2.16 2.26 24 1.76 1.42 1.46 2.24 2.33 25 1.82 1.44 1.49 2.30 2.39 26 1.86 1.46 1.51 2.35 2.43 27 1.90 1.47 1.53 2.39 2.46 28 1.92 1.47 1.54 2.42 2.49 29 1.94 1.47 1.54 2.43 2.50 30 1.94 1.46 1.53 2.44 2.50 31 1.93 1.45 1.52 2.44 2.49 32 1.92 1.42 1.49 2.42 2.47 33 1.89 1.40 1.46 2.39 2.43 34 1.85 1.36 1.43 2.36 2.39 35 1.80 1.32 1.38 2.31 2.34 36 1.74 1.28 1.33 2.25 2.27 37 1.67 1.23 1.27 2.18 2.19 38 1.59 1.17 1.21 2.10 2.10 39 1.50 1.10 1.13 2.00 2.00 40 1.40 1.03 1.05 1.90 1.89 41 1.29 0.95 0.96 1.79 1.77 10-191

[Page 379] (d) MCA PI Mai R. Mai, P. Kristen, A. Rempen Farb-Dopplersonographische Normalwerte in der Schwangershaft Z. Geburish.u.Perinat. p221-222 30 1.96 1.53 1.62 2.30 2.39 31 1.89 1.47 1.56 2.23 2.32 32 1.83 1.41 1.50 2.17 2.26 33 1.78 1.35 1.44 2.12 2.21 34 1.73 1.30 1.39 2.06 2.15 35 1.68 1.26 1.34 2.02 2.11 36 1.64 1.22 1.30 1.98 2.07 37 1.60 1.18 1.27 1.94 2.03 38 1.57 1.15 1.23 1.91 2.00 39 1.55 1.13 1.21 1.88 1.97 40 1.52 1.10 1.19 1.86 1.95 (e) MCA PI Schaffer 24 1.69 1.06 2.32 25 1.76 1.13 2.39 26 1.83 1.20 2.46 27 1.87 1.24 2.50 28 1.91 1.28 2.54 29 1.94 1.31 2.57 30 1.95 1.32 2.58 31 1.96 1.33 2.59 32 1.95 1.32 2.58 33 1.93 1.30 2.56 34 1.90 1.27 2.53 35 1.85 1.22 2.48 36 1.80 1.17 2.43 37 1.73 1.10 2.36 38 1.65 1.02 2.28 39 1.56 0.93 2.20 40 1.46 0.83 2.09 41 1.35 0.72 1.98 42 1.23 0.60 1.86 10-192

[Page 380] (11) MCA RI (a) MCA RI Bahlman Bahlmann F, Reinhard I, Krummenauer F, Neubert S, Macchiella D, Wellek S. Blood flow velocity waveforms of the fetal middle cerebral artery in a normal population: reference values from 18 weeks to 42 weeks of gestation. J.Perinat.Med. 2002; 30: 490-501 18 0.69 0.54 0.79 19 0.71 0.57 0.81 20 0.73 0.59 0.83 21 0.74 0.61 0.85 22 0.76 0.62 0.86 23 0.77 0.63 0.87 24 0.78 0.64 0.89 25 0.79 0.65 0.90 26 0.80 0.66 0.90 27 0.80 0.66 0.91 28 0.80 0.66 0.91 29 0.80 0.66 0.91 30 0.80 0.66 0.91 31 0.80 0.65 0.91 32 0.79 0.65 0.90 33 0.78 0.64 0.89 34 0.77 0.63 0.89 35 0.76 0.61 0.87 36 0.75 0.60 0.86 37 0.73 0.58 0.84 38 0.71 0.56 0.83 39 0.69 0.54 0.81 40 0.67 0.52 0.79 41 0.64 0.49 0.76 42 0.62 0.46 0.74 10-193

[Page 381] (b) MCA RI JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 MCA RI Mean=5.54*10^-2+5.40*10^-2*GA-9.00*10^-4*GA^2 MCA RI 5%=6.84*10^-2+5.06*10^-2*GA-9.00*10^-4*GA^2 MCA RI 10%=-2.99*10^-2+5.74*10^-2*GA-1.00*10^-3*GA^2 MCA RI 90%=2.00*10^-1+4.81*10^-2*GA-8.00*10^-4*GA^2 MCA RI 95%=3.33*10^-1+4.09*10^-2*GA-7.00*10^-4*GA^2 Output : MCA RI Input max : 41 (weeks) 20 0.78 0.72 0.72 0.84 0.87 21 0.79 0.73 0.73 0.86 0.88 22 0.81 0.75 0.75 0.87 0.89 23 0.82 0.76 0.76 0.88 0.90 24 0.83 0.76 0.77 0.89 0.91 25 0.84 0.77 0.78 0.90 0.92 26 0.85 0.78 0.79 0.91 0.92 27 0.86 0.78 0.79 0.92 0.93 28 0.86 0.78 0.79 0.92 0.93 29 0.86 0.78 0.79 0.92 0.93 30 0.87 0.78 0.79 0.92 0.93 31 0.86 0.77 0.79 0.92 0.93 32 0.86 0.77 0.78 0.92 0.93 33 0.86 0.76 0.78 0.92 0.92 34 0.85 0.75 0.77 0.91 0.91 35 0.84 0.74 0.75 0.90 0.91 36 0.83 0.72 0.74 0.89 0.90 37 0.82 0.71 0.72 0.88 0.89 38 0.81 0.69 0.71 0.87 0.88 39 0.79 0.67 0.69 0.86 0.86 40 0.78 0.65 0.67 0.84 0.85 41 0.76 0.63 0.64 0.83 0.83 10-194

[Page 382] (c) MCA RI Mai R. Mai, P. Kristen, A. Rempen Farb-Dopplersonographische Normalwerte in der Schwangershaft Z. Geburish.u.Perinat. p221-222 30 0.84 0.75 0.77 0.91 0.93 31 0.83 0.73 0.76 0.92 0.92 32 0.82 0.73 0.75 0.89 0.91 33 0.81 0.71 0.74 0.88 0.90 34 0.80 0.71 0.73 0.87 0.89 35 0.79 0.70 0.72 0.86 0.88 36 0.78 0.69 0.70 0.85 0.87 37 0.77 0.68 0.70 0.84 0.86 38 0.76 0.67 0.69 0.84 0.85 39 0.75 0.66 0.68 0.83 0.85 40 0.75 0.65 0.67 0.82 0.84 (d) MCA RI Schaffer 24 0.79 0.65 0.92 25 0.80 0.67 0.94 26 0.81 0.67 0.95 27 0.82 0.68 0.95 28 0.82 0.69 0.96 29 0.83 0.69 0.96 30 0.83 0.69 0.96 31 0.83 0.69 0.96 32 0.83 0.69 0.96 33 0.82 0.69 0.96 34 0.81 0.68 0.95 35 0.81 0.67 0.94 36 0.79 0.66 0.93 37 0.78 0.65 0.92 38 0.77 0.63 0.90 39 0.75 0.61 0.88 40 0.73 0.60 0.87 41 0.71 0.57 0.84 42 0.69 0.55 0.82 10-195

[Page 383] (12) MCA PV (a) MCA PV Mari Mari,G., et. al. "Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses", N.Engl.J Med. Vol. 342 No. 1, 2000, pages 9-14 GA MCA PV (cm/s) (weeks) Median 1.5MoM 14 19.3 28.9 15 20.2 30.3 16 21.1 31.7 17 22.1 33.2 18 23.2 34.8 19 24.3 36.5 20 25.5 38.2 21 26.7 40.0 22 27.9 41.9 23 29.3 43.9 24 30.7 46.0 25 32.1 48.2 26 33.6 50.4 27 35.2 52.8 28 36.9 55.4 29 38.7 58.0 30 40.5 60.7 31 42.4 63.6 32 44.4 66.6 33 46.5 69.8 34 48.7 73.1 35 51.1 76.6 36 53.5 80.2 37 56.0 84.0 38 58.7 88.0 39 61.5 92.2 40 64.4 96.6 10-196

[Page 384] (13) Umb A PI (a) Umb A PI Harrigton K. Harrington, R. G. Carpenter, M. Nguyen and S. Campbell Changes observed in Doppler studies of the fetal circulation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia or the delivery of a small-for-gestational age baby. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 1995 Jul; 6 (1): 19-28 22 1.24 0.97 1.60 23 1.22 0.96 1.58 24 1.20 0.94 1.56 25 1.18 0.93 1.53 26 1.16 0.91 1.51 27 1.14 0.89 1.49 28 1.12 0.87 1.46 29 1.10 0.86 1.44 30 1.08 0.84 1.41 31 1.06 0.82 1.39 32 1.04 0.81 1.37 33 1.03 0.80 1.35 34 1.01 0.79 1.34 35 1.01 0.78 1.33 36 1.00 0.78 1.32 37 1.00 0.78 1.31 38 1.00 0.79 1.31 39 1.01 0.80 1.32 40 1.03 0.82 1.33 41 1.05 0.84 1.35 42 1.07 0.87 1.37 10-197

[Page 385] (b) Umb A PI JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 Umb A PI Mean=2.93-1.03*10^-1*GA+1.30*10^-3*GA^2 Umb A PI 5%=2.44-8.81*10^-2*GA+1.10*10^-3*GA^2 Umb A PI 10%=2.29-7.53*10^-2*GA+9.00*10^-4*GA^2 Umb A PI 90%=3.26-1.08*10^-1*GA+1.30*10^-3*GA^2 Umb A PI 95%=3.04-8.76*10^-2*GA+1.00*10^-3*GA^2 Output : Umb A P Input max : 41 (weeks) 20 1.39 1.12 1.14 1.62 1.69 21 1.34 1.08 1.11 1.57 1.64 22 1.29 1.03 1.07 1.51 1.60 23 1.25 1.00 1.03 1.46 1.55 24 1.21 0.96 1.00 1.42 1.51 25 1.17 0.93 0.97 1.37 1.48 26 1.13 0.89 0.94 1.33 1.44 27 1.10 0.86 0.91 1.29 1.40 28 1.07 0.84 0.89 1.26 1.37 29 1.04 0.81 0.86 1.22 1.34 30 1.01 0.79 0.84 1.19 1.31 31 0.99 0.77 0.82 1.16 1.29 32 0.97 0.75 0.80 1.14 1.26 33 0.95 0.73 0.79 1.11 1.24 34 0.93 0.72 0.77 1.09 1.22 35 0.92 0.70 0.76 1.07 1.20 36 0.91 0.69 0.75 1.06 1.18 37 0.90 0.69 0.74 1.04 1.17 38 0.89 0.68 0.73 1.03 1.16 39 0.89 0.68 0.72 1.03 1.14 40 0.89 0.68 0.72 1.02 1.14 41 0.89 0.68 0.72 1.02 1.13 10-198

[Page 386] (c) Umb A PI Mai R. Mai, P. Kristen, A. Rempen Farb-Dopplersonographische Normalwerte in der Schwangershaft Z. Geburish.u.Perinat. p221-222 30 1.06 0.88 0.92 1.21 1.25 31 1.03 0.85 0.88 1.18 1.22 32 1.01 0.82 0.86 1.15 1.19 33 0.98 0.80 0.83 1.13 1.17 34 0.96 0.78 0.82 1.11 1.15 35 0.95 0.76 0.80 1.10 1.14 36 0.94 0.75 0.79 1.09 1.13 37 0.94 0.75 0.79 1.08 1.12 38 0.93 0.75 0.79 1.08 1.12 39 0.94 0.76 0.80 1.09 1.13 40 0.95 0.76 0.80 1.10 1.13 (d) Umb A PI Merz (weeks) Mean 5% 95% 18 1.361 1.018 1.652 19 1.250 0.972 1.539 20 1.216 0.940 1.505 21 1.189 0.913 1.476 22 1.165 0.890 1.450 23 1.142 0.869 1.427 24 1.122 0.849 1.405 25 1.102 0.831 1.385 26 1.084 0.813 1.365 27 1.065 0.797 1.346 28 1.048 0.780 1.327 29 1.031 0.764 1.308 30 1.014 0.748 1.290 31 0.997 0.732 1.272 32 0.980 0.716 1.254 33 0.963 0.700 1.236 34 0.946 0.684 1.218 35 0.928 0.668 1.199 36 0.910 0.651 1.180 37 0.891 0.634 1.160 38 0.872 0.615 1.139 39 0.851 0.595 1.117 40 0.828 0.573 1.093 41 0.801 0.547 1.065 42 0.765 0.513 1.028 10-199

[Page 387] (e) Umb A PI Schaffer 20 1.43 1.09 1.77 21 1.39 1.05 1.74 22 1.36 1.01 1.70 23 1.32 0.98 1.66 24 1.28 0.94 1.63 25 1.25 0.91 1.59 26 1.22 0.87 1.56 27 1.18 0.84 1.53 28 1.15 0.81 1.49 29 1.12 0.78 1.46 30 1.09 0.75 1.43 31 1.06 0.72 1.40 32 1.03 0.69 1.38 33 1.00 0.66 1.35 34 0.98 0.63 1.32 35 0.95 0.61 1.30 36 0.93 0.58 1.27 37 0.90 0.56 1.25 38 0.88 0.54 1.22 39 0.86 0.51 1.20 40 0.84 0.49 1.18 41 0.81 0.47 1.16 42 0.80 0.45 1.14 10-200

[Page 388] (14) Umb A RI (a) Umb A RI JSUM Standardization of ultrasonic fetal biometry and Japanese reference values J Med Ultrasonics Vol. 30 No. 3 (2003) J415-J440 Umb A RI Mean=1.20-2.71*10^-2*GA+3.00*10^-4*GA^2 Umb A RI 5%=1.18-3.01*10^-2*GA+3.00*10^-4*GA^2 Umb A RI 10%=1.15-2.74*10^-2*GA+3.00*10^-4*GA^2 Umb A RI 90%=1.10-1.60*10^-2*GA+1.00*10^-4*GA^2 Umb A RI 95%=1.09-1.42*10^-2*GA+1.00*10^-4*GA^2 Output : Umb A RI Input max : 41 (weeks) 20 0.78 0.70 0.72 0.82 0.85 21 0.76 0.68 0.71 0.81 0.84 22 0.75 0.66 0.69 0.80 0.83 23 0.74 0.65 0.68 0.78 0.82 24 0.72 0.63 0.67 0.77 0.81 25 0.71 0.62 0.65 0.76 0.80 26 0.70 0.60 0.64 0.75 0.79 27 0.69 0.59 0.63 0.74 0.78 28 0.68 0.57 0.62 0.73 0.77 29 0.67 0.56 0.61 0.72 0.76 30 0.66 0.55 0.60 0.71 0.75 31 0.65 0.54 0.59 0.70 0.75 32 0.64 0.52 0.58 0.69 0.74 33 0.63 0.51 0.57 0.68 0.73 34 0.63 0.50 0.57 0.67 0.72 35 0.62 0.49 0.56 0.66 0.72 36 0.61 0.49 0.55 0.65 0.71 37 0.61 0.48 0.55 0.64 0.70 38 0.60 0.47 0.54 0.64 0.69 39 0.60 0.46 0.54 0.63 0.69 40 0.60 0.46 0.53 0.62 0.68 41 0.59 0.45 0.53 0.61 0.68 10-201

[Page 389] (b) Umb A RI Mai R. Mai, P. Kristen, A. Rempen Farb-Dopplersonographische Normalwerte in der Schwangershaft Z. Geburish.u.Perinat. p221-222 30 0.66 0.57 0.59 0.72 0.74 31 0.64 0.56 0.58 0.71 0.73 32 0.63 0.55 0.57 0.70 0.72 33 0.62 0.54 0.56 0.69 0.70 34 0.61 0.53 0.55 0.68 0.70 35 0.61 0.53 0.54 0.67 0.69 36 0.60 0.52 0.54 0.67 0.68 37 0.60 0.51 0.53 0.66 0.68 38 0.59 0.51 0.53 0.66 0.67 39 0.59 0.51 0.53 0.66 0.67 40 0.59 0.51 0.53 0.66 0.67 (c) Umb A RI Merz (weeks) Mean 5% 95% 18 0.713 0.591 0.825 19 0.700 0.577 0.812 20 0.690 0.567 0.802 21 0.680 0.557 0.793 22 0.671 0.548 0.784 23 0.663 0.539 0.776 24 0.655 0.530 0.768 25 0.646 0.522 0.760 26 0.639 0.514 0.752 27 0.631 0.506 0.745 28 0.623 0.498 0.737 29 0.615 0.490 0.730 30 0.608 0.082 0.723 31 0.600 0.474 0.715 32 0.592 0.465 0.707 33 0.584 0.457 0.700 34 0.576 0.449 0.692 35 0.567 0.440 0.684 36 0.559 0.431 0.675 37 0.550 0.422 0.667 38 0.540 0.412 0.657 39 0.530 0.402 0.648 40 0.519 0.390 0.637 41 0.506 0.377 0.624 42 0.490 0.360 0.608 10-202

[Page 390] (d) Umb A RI Schaffer 20 0.76 0.63 0.89 21 0.75 0.62 0.88 22 0.74 0.61 0.87 23 0.73 0.60 0.86 24 0.72 0.59 0.85 25 0.71 0.58 0.84 26 0.70 0.57 0.83 27 0.69 0.56 0.82 28 0.68 0.55 0.81 29 0.67 0.54 0.80 30 0.66 0.53 0.79 31 0.65 0.52 0.78 32 0.64 0.51 0.77 33 0.63 0.50 0.76 34 0.62 0.49 0.75 35 0.61 0.48 0.74 36 0.60 0.47 0.73 37 0.59 0.46 0.72 38 0.58 0.45 0.71 39 0.57 0.44 0.70 40 0.56 0.43 0.69 41 0.55 0.41 0.68 42 0.54 0.40 0.67 10-203

[Page 391] (15) Uterine PI (a) Uterine PI Merz GA Uterine A PI (weeks) 50% 5% 95% 18 0.888 0.509 1.407 19 0.838 0.460 1.356 20 0.812 0.436 1.328 21 0.795 0.420 1.309 22 0.781 0.407 1.293 23 0.769 0.397 1.280 24 0.759 0.388 1.268 25 0.751 0.381 1.258 26 0.743 0.374 1.248 27 0.736 0.369 1.239 28 0.729 0.363 1.230 29 0.722 0.358 1.222 30 0.716 0.354 1.214 31 0.711 0.349 1.207 32 0.705 0.345 1.999 33 0.700 0.341 1.192 34 0.695 0.337 1.185 35 0.690 0.333 1.178 36 0.684 0.330 1.171 37 0.679 0.326 1.164 38 0.674 0.322 1.157 39 0.669 0.318 1.150 40 0.663 0.313 1.143 41 0.657 0.308 1.134 42 0.649 0.302 1.125 10-204

[Page 392] (b) Uterine PI Schaffer GA Uterin PI 20 0.74 0.44 1.04 21 0.72 0.42 1.02 22 0.70 0.40 1.00 23 0.68 0.38 0.98 24 0.66 0.36 0.96 25 0.64 0.34 0.95 26 0.63 0.33 0.93 27 0.61 0.31 0.91 28 0.60 0.30 0.90 29 0.58 0.28 0.89 30 0.57 0.27 0.87 31 0.56 0.26 0.86 32 0.55 0.25 0.85 33 0.54 0.24 0.84 34 0.53 0.23 0.84 35 0.53 0.22 0.83 36 0.52 0.22 0.82 37 0.52 0.21 0.82 38 0.51 0.21 0.81 39 0.51 0.21 0.81 40 0.51 0.20 0.81 41 0.51 0.20 0.81 42 0.51 0.20 0.81 10-205

[Page 393] (16) Uterine RI (a) Uterine RI Merz GA Uterine A RI (weeks) Mean 5% 95% 18 0.447 0.222 0.659 19 0.429 0.204 0.641 20 0.419 0.194 0.630 21 0.411 0.186 0.622 22 0.405 0.180 0.615 23 0.400 0.175 0.610 24 0.395 0.171 0.605 25 0.391 0.167 0.601 26 0.387 0.163 0.597 27 0.384 0.160 0.593 28 0.380 0.157 0.590 29 0.378 0.154 0.587 30 0.375 0.152 0.584 31 0.372 0.150 0.581 32 0.370 0.147 0.578 33 0.368 0.145 0.576 34 0.366 0.144 0.574 35 0.364 0.142 0.571 36 0.362 0.140 0.569 37 0.360 0.139 0.567 38 0.358 0.137 0.566 39 0.357 0.136 0.564 40 0.355 0.135 0.562 41 0.354 0.134 0.561 42 0.353 0.133 0.559 10-206

[Page 394] (b) Uterine RI Schaffer GA Uterin RI 20 0.47 0.34 0.61 21 0.46 0.33 0.60 22 0.45 0.32 0.59 23 0.45 0.31 0.58 24 0.44 0.30 0.57 25 0.43 0.30 0.57 26 0.42 0.29 0.56 27 0.42 0.28 0.55 28 0.41 0.28 0.55 29 0.41 0.27 0.54 30 0.40 0.27 0.54 31 0.40 0.26 0.53 32 0.39 0.26 0.53 33 0.39 0.25 0.52 34 0.38 0.25 0.52 35 0.38 0.24 0.52 36 0.38 0.24 0.51 37 0.37 0.24 0.51 38 0.37 0.24 0.51 39 0.37 0.23 0.51 40 0.37 0.23 0.50 41 0.37 0.23 0.50 42 0.37 0.23 0.50 10-207

[Page 395] 11. Presetting The default settings of this system differ depending on the initially selected presets. It is possible to preset the application measurement menu that is displayed when the measurement switch is pressed, the measurement methods, the calculation formulas, and other conditions. 11.1 Setting Presets 11-1

[Page 396] * The following Application Type items can be selected. Abdomen1 Abdomen2 Breast Carotid1 Carotid2 CHI Heart1 Heart2 Heart3 MSK Neo-Hip OB/Gyn1 Pelvis Penile Prostate PV Lower PV Upper TCD Testes Thyroid The changes become effective only after the system is rebooted. CAUTION: When any of the presets has been changed, reboot the system in order to make the change effective. NOTE: When an application preset is to be changed, confirm that the correct application type is displayed. The application preset is saved only for the application type currently displayed. 11-2

[Page 397] 11.2 Details of Each Preset This subsection describes the details of the presets that can be selected and edited using the Application Basic menu. 11.2.1 Appl Meas. Number of Heart Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Specify the number of cardiac cycles in the for Heart Rate 8 measurement range for heart rate measurement. Measurement Initial setting : 1 *2 Erase in Cine Erase On Select whether or not the measurement marker is displayed during frame-advance or scroll playback. : Not displayed : Displayed User Meas. Message Display Specify whether or not the message is displayed when a user-registered measurement is started. : Displayed : Not displayed Meas. Value DICOM Mean or Latest Specify the data type used for SR output. output All Mean or Latest : Mean value or latest value *1 All : All measurement data *1: When "Mean or Latest" is selected, the measurement data is output according to the setting for "Measurement Value Display Method" on the Meas. Report screen. Confirm the setting on the Meas. Report screen. *2: Setting of this parameter is not possible. 11-3

[Page 398] 11.2.2 Meas. Window Basic Measurement Vertical Line Specify whether or not vertical lines are Window displayed in the measurement result display window (MDA). : Displayed : Not displayed Transparent Specify whether or not the background of the Mode MDA is transparent. : Transparent : Not transparent Realtime Display Specify the display mode of the MDA. Current : All of the measurement results are displayed only after measurement is completed. All : All of the currently available measurement data is displayed during measurement. Application Measurement Vertical Line Specify whether or not vertical lines are *1 Window displayed in the MDA. : Displayed : Not displayed Transparent Specify whether or not the background of the Mode MDA is transparent. : Transparent : Not transparent Realtime Display Specify the display mode of the MDA. Current : All of the measurement results are displayed only after measurement is *2 completed. All : All of the currently available measurement data is displayed during *3 measurement. 11-4

[Page 399] *1 Font Type Specify the font size used in the MDA. Value Size: 19 The measurement item names and units are displayed at 17 points and the values are displayed at 19 points. Value Size: 20 The measurement item names and units are displayed at 17 points and the values are displayed at 20 points. Bold All of the measurement item names, units, and values are displayed at 17 points in boldface. Highlight On The measurement result for the last measured item (the item for which the measurement mark is displayed on the monitor screen) is highlighted in a different color. Off All items are displayed with the same background color. Measurement Data Area Normal The MDA is displayed at normal size. Extended The MDA is displayed in an enlarged size. *1: This can be set for each Application Type. *2: In vascular measurement, the system operates in "All" mode even when "Current" is selected for this parameter. *3: In OB measurement, the system operates with the "Current" setting even when "All" is selected for this parameter. 11-5

[Page 400] 11.2.3 2D-Mode Meas. JOINT Baseline Right to Left The osseous acetabular angle (  ) is displayed as viewed from the right with respect to the baseline, while the cartilaginous acetabular angle (  ) is displayed as viewed from the left. Left to Right The osseous acetabular angle (  ) is displayed as viewed from the left with respect to the baseline, while the cartilaginous acetabular angle (  ) is displayed as viewed from the right. Thickness (IMT) Single Digit The measurement value obtained in IMT Precision (Available after measurement or Thickness measurement is PR) displayed to one decimal place. Double Digits The measurement value obtained in IMT measurement or Thickness measurement is *1, *2, *3 displayed to two decimal places for reference. *1: It may not be possible to obtain a value that is accurate to two decimal places, depending on the characteristics of the image. Values displayed to two decimal places should be used only for reference. *2: Although the markers can be moved in steps of 1 pixel on the screen, this does not correspond to an indicated value change of 0.01 due to the resolution of ultrasound images. The indicated value changes in increments greater than 0.01 as a mark is moved. *3: When display to two decimal places has been selected, a single quotation mark (') is displayed before the measurement value and to the calculation value that is calculated based on the measurement value. 11-6

[Page 401] 11.2.4 D-Mode Meas. (1) For general application types (application types other than Heart1, Heart2, and Heart3) *1 RI calc method Ved RI is calculated using the Ved value. Vmin RI is calculated using the Vmin value. *2 PI calc method Ved PI is calculated using the Ved value. Vmin PI is calculated using the Vmin value. Flow Volume Tool Auto Trace [Range] (Range Trace) is selected automatically when Flow Volume or PI measurement is Auto Range [Auto Range] (Auto Range Trace) is selected automatically when Flow Volume or PI measurement is started. Velocity Trace [Continuous] (Freehand Trace) is selected automatically when Flow Volume or PI measurement is started. Flow Volume Calculation Vmean_peak The flow volume is calculated using the time- average value obtained by tracing the peak points (edge) of the Doppler waveform. Vmean_mean The flow volume is calculated using the time- average value obtained by tracing the mean points (center of gravity) of the Doppler Velocity Value Signed Value The measured values are output with plus/minus *3 [Available after PR] signs. Absolute Value The measured values are output as absolute values. 11-7

[Page 402] Vel Trace Continuous [Continuous] (Freehand Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is Spline [Spline] (Spline Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is started. Line [Line] (Line Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is started. Range [Range] (Range Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is started. Auto Range [Auto Range] (Auto Range Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is *1: This setting is common to RI calculations in the velocity trace, RI trace, and flow volume measurements in basic measurement mode. *2: This setting is common to PI calculations in the velocity trace, PI trace, and flow volume measurements in basic measurement mode. *3: Setting of Velocity Value is available for the measurement tools shown in the table below. Velocity Vel Vel = abs (Vel) (Dvelocity Tool) PG PG Accel measurement Accel Accel (Dacceleration Tool) Time Time PG1 PG1 PG2 PG2 VelocityTrace Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) Vm_mean Vm_mean = abs (Vm_mean) PI PI RI RI S/D S/D 11-8

[Page 403] VelocityTrace (Cardiac) VP (Vmax) VP (Vmax) = abs (VP (Vmax)) VTI VTI = abs (VTI) HR (ECG) HR(ECG) RI RI RI (DRITool) Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) PI PI PI Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) S/D S/D S/D (DSD Tool) Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) dP/dt measurement Tool dP/dt dP/dt dt dt dP/dt (-1, -3) measurement Tool dP/dt dP/dt dt dt DcT measurement Tool Vel Vel = abs (Vel) DcT DcT PHT PHT Velocity Trace with DcT VP VP = abs (VP) measurement Tool DcT DcT PHT PHT 11-9

[Page 404] (2) For application types Heart1, Heart2, and Heart3 *1 RI calc method Ved RI is calculated using the Ved value. Vmin RI is calculated using the Vmin value. *2 PI calc method Ved PI is calculated using the Ved value. Vmin PI is calculated using the Vmin value. Flow Volume Tool Auto Trace [Range] (Range Trace) is selected automatically when Flow Volume measurement or PI measurement is started. Vel Trace [Continuous] (Freehand Trace) is selected automatically when Flow Volume or PI measurement is started. Flow Volume Calculation Vmean_peak The flow volume is calculated using the time- average value obtained by tracing the peak points (edge) of the Doppler waveform. Vmean_mean The flow volume is calculated using the time-average value obtained by tracing the mean points (center of gravity) of the Doppler Velocity Value Signed Value The measured values are output with plus/minus *3 (Available after PR) signs. Absolute Value The measured values are output as absolute values. 11-10

[Page 405] Vel Trace Continuous [Continuous] (Freehand Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is Spline [Spline] (Spline Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is started. Line [Line] (Line Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is started. Range [Range] (Range Trace) is selected automatically when Vel Trace measurement is started. *1: This setting is common to RI calculations in the velocity trace, RI trace, and flow volume measurements in basic measurement mode. *2: This setting is common to PI calculations in the velocity trace, PI trace, and flow volume measurements in basic measurement mode. *3: Setting of Velocity Value is available for the measurement tools shown in the table below. Velocity Vel Vel = abs (Vel) (Dvelocity Tool) PG PG Accel measurement Accel Accel (Dacceleration Tool) Time Time PG1 PG1 PG2 PG2 VelocityTrace Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) Vm_mean Vm_mean = abs (Vm_mean) PI PI RI RI S/D S/D VelocityTrace (Cardiac) VP (Vmax) VP (Vmax) = abs (VP (Vmax)) VTI VTI = abs (VTI) HR (ECG) HR(ECG) 11-11

[Page 406] RI RI RI (DRITool) Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) PI PI PI Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) S/D S/D S/D (DSDTool) Vmax Vmax = abs (Vmax) dP/dt measurement Tool dP/dt dP/dt dt dt dP/dt (-1, -3) measurement Tool dP/dt dP/dt dt dt DcT measurement Tool Vel Vel = abs (Vel) DcT DcT PHT PHT Velocity Trace with DcT VP VP = abs (VP) measurement Tool DcT DcT PHT PHT 11-12

[Page 407] 11.2.5 D-Mode Meas. 2 RT Auto Trace data Vmax, Ved, PI, Select the items that are displayed in real-time *1 *1 display RI, S/D, Vmin, Doppler auto trace mode. Vm_peak, : Displayed Vm_mean, HR : Not displayed Auto Trace HR Normal Select this when auto trace is performed for a (-120 bpm) patient whose velocity waveform speed is normal (adult). Normal-High Select this when auto trace is performed for a (-180 bpm) patient whose velocity waveform speed is slightly faster than normal (adult). High Select this when auto trace is performed for a (-220 bpm) patient whose velocity waveform speed is faster than normal (adult). *1: If all items are set to not be displayed, no measurement or calculation values are 11-13

[Page 408] 11.2.6 Worksheet (1) For general application types (application types other than Carotid1) Measurement Value Mean of The mean of the measurement values is Display Method Measurements displayed as the result on the Worksheet screen. Most Recent The most recent measurement value is displayed Measurement as the result on the Worksheet screen. Measurement Value Only Only a representative value is displayed when Display Default representative the Worksheet screen is displayed. value is displayed All value is All of the measurement values and their mean displayed value are displayed when the Worksheet screen is 11-14

[Page 409] (2) For application type Carotid1 2D Measurement Value Mean of The mean of the measurement values is Display Method Measurements displayed as the 2D measurement result on the Worksheet screen. Most Recent The most recent measurement value is displayed Measurement as the 2D measurement result on the Worksheet screen. Doppler Measurement Mean of The mean of the measurement values is Value Display Method Measurements displayed as the Doppler measurement result on (AVG) the Worksheet screen. Maximum of The maximum value is displayed as the Doppler Measurements measurement result on the Worksheet screen. (MAX) Most Recent The most recent measurement value is displayed Measurement as the Doppler measurement result on the (LAT) Worksheet screen. Measurement Value Only Only a representative value is displayed when Display Default representative the Worksheet screen is displayed. value is displayed All value is All of the measurement values and their mean displayed value are displayed when the Worksheet screen is displayed. 11-15

[Page 410] 11.2.7 Meas. Marker Marker Size [2D] Large, Middle, Specify the default size of the marker for 2D Small measurement. Auto-change : The marker is enlarged when the distance between the start point and end point exceeds a certain distance. : The marker size remains the same regardless of the distance between the start point and end point. Marker Style [2D]  , +,  Specify the shape of the marker for 2D measurement. Marker Size [M] Large, Middle, Specify the default size of the marker for Small M-mode measurement. Marker Style [M]  , +,  Specify the shape of the marker for M-mode measurement. Marker Size [D] Large, Middle, Specify the default size of the marker for Doppler Small measurement. Marker Style [D]  , +,  Specify the shape of the marker for Doppler measurement. Time/HR Tool Connect On, Off Specify whether or not a horizontal line line display connecting the paired vertical lines in time measurement or HR measurement is displayed. 11-16

[Page 411] 11.2.8 Meas. Marker2 Dist Tool Connect line On, Off Select whether or not a line connecting the start display point and end point of the distance *1 Ellipse/Cross Tool On, Off Select whether or not a line connecting the start *2 Connect line display point and end point of the area measurement is *1: Distance measurements in Basic Measurement mode (Distance, %Stenosis (Dist), Volume) and distance measurement in Mecha 4D mode *2: Area measurements in Basic Measurement mode and Application Measurement mode (Area Ellipse, Area Cross) 11-17

[Page 412] 11.2.9 Meas. Operation Basic Measurement Start NEXT Select whether or not the next measurement is Operation Measurement started by moving the trackball after the current Tool by Track measurement is set. *1 Ball : The next measurement is started. : The next measurement is not started. Vel, Auto Range Tool Fixed by [SET] Select whether or not the velocity measurement only or Auto Range measurement is set only by pressing . : The measurement is set only by pressing : The measurement is set by pressing or when the next measurement is *1: "Start NEXT Measurement Tool by Track Ball" is applicable to the following basic measurements. Mode Measurement tool Description 2D Distance After the measurement is set, the marker for the next measurement (of the same measurement Trace Length (Continuous Trace) item) is displayed by moving the trackball. Trace Length (Spline Trace) Angle After the two angle lines are set, the marker for the next measurement is not displayed even when the trackball is moved. %Stenosis Distance When the trackball is moved after the Dist 1 measurement is set, the marker for Dist 2 After the Dist 2 measurement is set, the marker is not displayed even when the trackball is moved. 11-18

[Page 413] Mode Measurement tool Description 2D %Stenosis Area When the trackball is moved after the Lumen measurement is set, the marker for the Residual After the Residual measurement is set, the marker is not displayed even when the trackball is moved. Area (Continuous Trace) After the measurement is set, the marker for the next measurement (of the same measurement Area (Ellipse) item) is displayed by moving the trackball. Area (Spline Trace) Area (Cross) Volume When the trackball is moved after the Dist 1 measurement is set, the marker for Dist 2 When the trackball is moved after the Dist 2 measurement is set, the start point for Dist 3 measurement is displayed automatically. After the Dist 3 measurement is set, the marker is not displayed even when the trackball is moved. Joint After the three lines are set, the marker is not displayed even when the trackball is moved. meanIMT Not applicable. Flow Volume Not applicable. M Distance After the measurement is set, the marker for the next measurement (of the same measurement Slope item) is displayed by moving the trackball. Time HR Doppler Velocity After the measurement is set, the marker for the next measurement (of the same measurement Accel item) is displayed by moving the trackball. Time HR Vel Trace (Continuous Trace) Vel Trace (Line Trace) Vel Trace (Spline Trace) Vel Trace (Range) PI (Continuous Trace) PI Trace (Line Trace) PI Trace (Spline Trace) PI Trace (Range) RI When the trackball is moved after the maximum velocity position and minimum velocity position are set, the marker for the next measurement (of the same measurement item) is displayed. S/D When the trackball is moved after the maximum velocity position and the end-diastole velocity position are set, the marker for the next measurement (of the same measurement item) is Flow Volume Not applicable. 11-19

[Page 414] 11.2.10 Annotation Erase in Mode change Erase The annotation is erased when another image mode is selected. Not Erase The annotation is not erased when another image mode is selected. Transfer When the image mode is changed, the annotation is displayed at the default position for the entered mode. Erase in Freeze off Erase Specify whether or not the annotation is erased when the image is unfrozen. : The annotation is erased. : The annotation is not erased. Cursor Type Arrow The arrow cursor is displayed when the annotation function is started. I Cursor The I-beam cursor is displayed when the annotation function is started. 11-20

[Page 415] 11.2.11 LV (2D) is used when 2D-mode LV measurement is started from the Cardiac measurement menu. Method Teichholz Select the LV measurement method that is Cube displayed in the application measurement (2D Gibson mode) menu. Single Plane Biplane Bullet Parallel Tool Type 3 sections Three segments (interventricular septal thickness, LV endocardial diameter, and LV posterior wall thickness) are measured in parallel. 4 sections Four segments (RV diameter, interventricular septal thickness, LV endocardial diameter, and LV posterior wall thickness) are measured in parallel. Parallel Tool Initial Angle -90 to 90 Specify the default angle of the measurement marker for parallel measurement in 10° increments. Initial value: 20° MOD Simpson Tool Type Continuous The endocardial contour is traced freehand in LV measurement (MOD Simpson). Spline The endocardial contour is traced using the spline trace method in LV measurement (MOD Simpson). 11-21

[Page 416] 11.2.12 LV (M) is used when M-mode LV measurement is started from the Cardiac measurement menu. Method Teichholz Specify the LV measurement method that is Cube displayed in the application measurement (M Gibson mode) menu. Next Sequence Type 1 Each time is pressed, the item to be measured next is selected automatically in the range from interventricular septal thickness to LV posterior wall thickness both at end diastole and end systole. Each time is pressed, the item to be measured next is selected in the range limited to the items related to the LV lumen at end systole. Parallel Tool Type 3 sections Three segments (interventricular septal thickness, LV endocardial diameter, and LV posterior wall thickness) are measured in parallel. 4 sections Four segments (RV diameter, interventricular septal thickness, LV endocardial diameter, and LV posterior wall thickness) are measured in parallel. *1: The setting of this parameter is used in common for 2D-mode LV measurement and M-mode LV measurement. 11-22

[Page 417] 11.2.13 Cardiac Doppler This menu is used to preset the measurement method etc. that are used when Doppler- mode measurement is started from the Cardiac measurement menu. E Vel Tool Vel The E wave of the LV inflow is measured using the velocity measurement method. DcT E-wave measurement on the E-wave waveform for LV inflow is performed together with DcT measurement. Output Data of Dct Tool Specify whether or not PHT is measured together With PHT with DcT. : PHT is measured together. : PHT is not measured together. LVOT/AoV Vel Continuous Trace Trace measurement for LV outflow is performed Trace Tool using [Continuous Trace] (Freehand trace). Range Trace measurement for LV outflow is performed using [Range] (Range Trace). 11-23

[Page 418] 11.2.14 LV Mass is used when LV Mass measurement is started from the Cardiac measurement menu. LV Mass Method LV Mass AL Specify the LV Mass measurement method that is LV Mass TE displayed in the application measurement menu (Extra). Mass Calc Method [2D] ASE-Cube Specify the LV Mass calculation method that is Penn-Cube used in LV measurement (2D mode). AV-Cube Teichholz Not Display The LV Mass data is not displayed in the MDA or on the Worksheet screen. Mass Calc Method [M] ASE-Cube Specify the LV Mass calculation method that is Penn-Cube used in LV measurement (M mode). AV-Cube Teichholz Not Display The LV Mass data is not displayed in the measurement display window or on the Worksheet screen. 11-24

[Page 419] 11.2.15 Carotid1 Doppler Display items of Velocity Vmax Select the items that are displayed as the results Trace of Velocity Trace measurement. Vmin : Displayed Ved : Not displayed Vmean PI RI S/D *1 RI calc. method Ved RI is calculated based on Ved. Vmin RI is calculated based on Vmin. *2 PI calc. method Ved PI is calculated based on Ved. Vmin PI is calculated based on Vmin. 11-25

[Page 420] *3 ICA-CCA Ratio ICA Max Select the measurement item that is used for Prox calculating ICA/CCA. When Max is selected, the maximum value Mid among the measurement values for Prox, Mid, Dist Dist, and Repre is used for calculation. Repre When an item other than Max is selected, the selected item is used for calculation. CCA Max Prox Mid Dist Repre *1: This setting is applicable to all RI calculations in velocity trace measurement for Carotid1. *2: This setting is applicable to all PI calculations in velocity trace measurement for Carotid1. *3: This setting is applicable to all ICA/CCA ratio calculations in velocity trace measurement for Carotid1. 11-26

[Page 421] 11.2.16 Carotid1 Meas. Type Doppler Velocity Trace, Specify the measurement that is started PS Velocity, automatically when the measurement label for ED Velocity, Carotid1 is selected. None 11-27

[Page 422] 11.2.17 Carotid1 Meas. Tool Velocity Trace Continuous, Specify the measurement tool that is selected Spline, automatically when velocity trace measurement Range, is started in Carotid1 Application measurement Auto Range mode. 11-28

[Page 423] 11.2.18 Auto IMT Reference Cursor Width 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 Select the distance between the two bars of the 2D Reference cursor. Auto-IMT Precision Double Digits When the Auto-IMT tool is used, the result is (Available after PR) displayed to the second decimal place. Three Digits When the Auto-IMT tool is used, the result is displayed to the third decimal place. 2D Reference Cursor ON, OFF Select whether the 2D reference cursor is Display displayed or not. 11-29

[Page 424] 11.2.19 Body Mark Copy Dual Copy Select whether or not the currently displayed body mark is copied when display mode is changed. : Copied : Not copied Erase in Freeze Off Erase Specify whether or not the body mark is erased when the image is unfrozen. : The body mark is erased. : The body mark is not erased. Transducer Mark Arrow The transducer mark is displayed as an arrow. With Head The scanning direction is indicated by the transducer mark. WithOut Head The scanning direction is not indicated by the transducer mark. 11-30

[Page 425] 11.2.20 Meas. Data Display Meas. Data Display Distance Unit Specify the unit for distance. [Available after PR] mm cm Time Unit Specify the unit for time. msec sec 11-31

[Page 426] 11.2.21 OB/Gyn Report Measurement Value Mean of The mean of the measurement or calculation Display Method Measurements values is displayed as the result on the Worksheet screen. Most Recent The most recent measurement or calculation Measurement value is displayed as the result on the Worksheet screen. 2D Measurement Value Only Only the mean value of the measurements is Display Default representative displayed. value is displayed All value is The results for all of the measurements are displayed displayed. D Measurement Value Only Only the mean value of the measurements is Display Default representative displayed. value is displayed All value is The results for all of the measurements are displayed displayed. Display calculated LMP On The calculated LMP value is displayed on the Worksheet screen. Off The calculated LMP value is not displayed on the Worksheet screen. 11-32

[Page 427] 11.2.22 OB/Gyn Report 2 Display OB Ratios in OB CI, FL/AC, Select the items for which the ratio is displayed Reports FL/BPD, FL/HC, on the Worksheet screen. HC/AC US/GA GS, CRL, BPD, Specify whether or not U/S GA is calculated and OFD, HC, HA, select the items that are used for calculating U/S AC, FTA, AA, GA. FL, HL On : U/S GA is calculated. Off : U/S GA is not calculated. EFW %tile Display Hide The EFW percentile is not displayed. Based on clinical The EFW percentile based on the gestational age age on the examination date is displayed. Based on The EFW percentile based on U/S GA is Averaged U/S displayed. Both The EFW percentile based on the gestational age on the examination date and that based on U/S GA are both displayed. Trend Format Single The trend graph is displayed in Single format. 2D Default The items initially displayed in the 2D-mode trend Graph graph are specified. Doppler Default The items initially displayed in the Doppler-mode Graph trend graph are specified. Quad The trend graph is displayed in Quad format. 11-33

[Page 428] 11.2.23 OB Evaluated - OB Calc. Common button Description Standard Author The default data of the author selected here is set for all the measurement items that can be calculated using the selected author's data in the OB Calc., OB Calc.2, OB Calc.3, and D OB Calc. tabs. Selections: ASUM, BMUS, CFEF, Germany, Hadlock, and JSUM Default The items on the currently displayed tab are returned to the default settings for the standard author. *1 Evaluate Author Each measurement Select an author from the pull-down menu. item All : When this checkbox is selected and then an author is selected from a pull-down menu, the selected author is set for all the measurement items that can be calculated using the selected author's data. GS Tool Select the measurement tool to be used for GS (Available after PR) measurement. Distance MSD Tool service representative. Charts can be registered with the desired author names. 11-34

[Page 429] 11.2.24 OB Evaluated - OB Calc. 2 SD Type X.XXSD Displays the SD values for the items that are measured and calculated based on the GA at the time of examination. %title Displays the percentile values for the items that are measured and calculated based on the GA at the time of examination. Normal Range Displays the normal ranges for the items that are measured and calculated based on the GA at the time of examination. 11-35

[Page 430] GA Caluculated by Only GA Chart  If the data type is set to "GA" or "FG + GA": The GA value is calculated based on the GA data regardless of whether or not the clinical age is input.  If the data type is set to "FG": GA is not calculated before the clinical age is input. After the clinical age is input, GA is calculated based on the FG data.  If the data type is set to "Identical": GA is calculated based on the Identical data regardless of whether or not the clinical age is input.  The trend graph is generated based on the FG or Identical data. FG Chart with  If the data type is set to "FG": Clinical Age GA is not calculated before the clinical age is input. After the clinical age is input, GA is calculated based on the FG data.  If the data type is set to "GA": GA is calculated based on the GA data before the clinical age is input. When the clinical age is input, GA is not calculated.  If the data type is set to "FG + GA": GA is calculated based on the GA data before the clinical age is input. After the clinical age is input, GA is calculated based on the FG data.  If the data type is set to "Identical": GA is calculated based on the Identical data regardless of whether or not the clinical age is input.  The trend graph is generated based on the FG or Identical data. Recognition of the right On When this parameter is set to ON, the left/right and left in Extremities's selection switches, which allow either the left Off TCS side or the right side to be specified when performing measurements for the extremities, are displayed on the Extremities tab on the touch panel. TCS Switch Report The selected switch is displayed in the upper right part of the touch panel screen. Save Comment page On If On is selected, the Comment Page function is enabled (the Comment Page switch is displayed Off on the Worksheet screen). 11-36

[Page 431] 11.2.25 OB Evaluated - OB Calc. 3 EFW Campbell (AC) Select the author of the calculation formula to be used for EFW Author Hadlock1 (AC, FL) calculation and trend graph display Hadlock2 (BPD, AC, FL) (selection of the reference authors is Hadlock3 (HC, AC, FL) *1 not necessarily required). Hadlock4 (BPD, HC, AC, FL) Hadlock2-Williams Hadlock3-Williams Hadlock4-Williams Hansmann (BPD, THD) JSUM (BPD, AC, FL) Merz1 (BPD, AC) Merz2 (AC) Osaka (BPD, FTA, FL) Persson (BPD, MAD, FL) Shepard (BPD, AC) Schild (HC, AC, FL) Unit g, lbs, g+lbs The selected item is used as the unit for the estimated fetal weight. Calculated HC On HC (Cal.) is calculated based on BPD and OFD. HC (Cal.) When HC (Cal.) is to be calculated, the author whose data is to be used *1 must be specified. Selections: CFEF, Chitty (drvd), Nicolaides, BMUS (drvd), Merz, Hansmann, ASUM, Hadlock, and Jeanty. Used for EFW & Ratio : Check this checkbox to enable use of HC (Cal.) in EFW and ratio calculations. Off HC (Cal.) is not calculated. 11-37

[Page 432] Calculated AC On AC (Cal.) is calculated based on APAD and TAD. AC (Cal.) When AC (Cal.) is to be calculated, the author whose data is to be used *1 must be specified. Selections: CFEF, Chitty (drvd), Nicolaides, BMUS (drvd), Jeanty, Hadlock, and Merz Used for EFW & Ratio : Check this checkbox to enable use of AC (Cal.) in EFW and ratio calculations. Off AC (Cal.) is not calculated. service representative. Charts and calculation formulas can be registered with the desired author names. 11-38

[Page 433] 11.2.26 OB Evaluated - D OB Calc. *1 Evaluate Author Each measurement Select an author from the pull-down menu. item All : When this checkbox is selected and then an author is selected from a pull-down menu, the selected author is set for all the measurement items that can be calculated using the selected author's data. service representative. Charts can be registered with the desired author names. 11-39

[Page 434] 11.2.27 OB Display Evaluate Type in a MDA GA The GA value obtained from each measurement/calculation is displayed in the MDA. GA&SD The GA value obtained from each measurement/calculation and the SD value for the GA are displayed in the MDA. SD The SD value for the GA obtained from each measurement/calculation is displayed in the MDA. Hide Only the measured values are displayed in the MDA. For EFW, however, the author of the formula used is also displayed. Evaluate Type in a GA&SD The GA value obtained from each Report measurement/calculation and the SD value for the GA are displayed in the worksheet. GA&SD&Normal The GA value obtained from each Range measurement/calculation, the SD value for the GA, and the normal ranges based on the GA are displayed in the worksheet. GA Display on Monitor On The GA at the time of examination is displayed on the banner. Off The GA at the time of examination is not displayed on the banner. GA Display on MDA Hide The GA at the time of examination and the EDD are not displayed in the MDA. EDD The EDD is displayed in the MDA. GA&EDD The GA at the time of examination and the EDD are displayed in the MDA. 2D MDA Display Type Current Current is set as the display format. The Registered Simple Report is set as the display format. 11-40

[Page 435] 11.2.28 OB Behavior Method of OB weeks Mean of GA The GA value obtained based on the mean of the measurement results for the most recent measurement item is used when GA Input is executed. Current GA The GA value obtained based on the last measurement result of the most recent measurement item is used when GA Input is executed. U/S GA The U/S GA value that is available when GA Input is executed is used. Anatomy On, Off Select whether or not the Anatomy function is used. Extrapolated On, Off When this parameter is set to On, the range for which EFW is displayed and the GA calculation range specified by the author are expanded. In addition, the age axis of the trend graph is extended up to 45 weeks. 11-41

[Page 436] 11.2.29 OB 2D Tool Circumference Tool Continuous Select the tool for area/circumference Trace, measurement. Spline Trace, Ellipse, Cross NB/NT/NF Tool Distance, Select the type of measurement tool to be used (Available after PR) Thickness for NB measurement, NT measurement, and NF measurement. AFI Tool Distance, Circle Select the measurement tool used for AFI measurement. Circle Tool Balloon, Select the type of Circle measurement. Both Ends CTAR Tool (Available Only Ratio CTAR (cardiothoracic area ratio) is displayed in after PR) CTAR measurement. Ratio and Axis CTAR and the cardiac axis are displayed in CTAR measurement. Ratio and Axis CTAR, the cardiac axis, and the normal range for (with P Area) the P point are displayed in CTAR measurement. P Area Display Select how long the normal range for P point setting is displayed. : Displayed only during setting of the P point. : Remains displayed even after the P point is set. 11-42

[Page 437] 11.2.30 OB/Gyn D Meas. RI Calc. method for Ved The Ved value of the measured item is used for OB/Gyn. RI calculation. Vmin The Vmin value of the measured item is used for RI calculation. PI Calc. method for Ved The Ved value of the measured item is used for OB/Gyn. PI calculation. Vmin The Vmin value of the measured item is used for PI calculation. OB/Gyn. Vel Trace data RI, PI, Vp, Ved, Select the items that are displayed on the MDA display Vmin, Vm_peak, and worksheet for Doppler Trace Vm_mean, S/D, measurement. HR OB/Gyn. Vel Trace Tool Continuous Trace Select the tool used for Doppler Trace Spline Trace measurement. Line Trace Range Auto Range DV Trace Tool Range Select the tool used for DV measurement. Continuous 11-43

[Page 438] 11.2.31 Gyn Meas. Endometrium Tool Distance, Select whether the Distance tool or the (Available after PR) Thickness Thickness tool is used for Endometrium measurement. 11-44

[Page 439] 11.3 Confirmation of the Automatic Measurement Start Item It is possible to confirm which measurement item is started automatically when the measurement switch or measurement tab is pressed. * Contact your Toshiba service representative for the measurement start item setting 11-45

[Page 440] The following parameters can be set in the automatic measurement start item confirmation (AUTO ACTIVATION) screen. However, the grayed-out switches are disabled and therefore cannot be used to change the function or to input settings. No. Switch Description <1> Application Preset Select the application type for which the measurement start item is confirmed. It is possible to confirm the start item for application types other than the type currently used. <2> Image Mode Select the image mode for which the measurement start item is to be confirmed. It is possible to confirm the start item for image modes other than that currently displayed. <3> Application Meas. Tag The tabs that are displayed when the application measurement Switch Setting switch is pressed and the start item assigned to each tab can be confirmed. <4> Quit Closes the AUTO ACTIVATION screen. 11-46 *

[Page 441] 12. Registration of User- Programmed Measurements In this system, it is possible to create user-programmed measurement packages that contain the following items.  Measurement protocols and calculation formulas using measured values  Layout settings for measurement result display fields  Layout settings for Worksheet screens  Registered DICOM codes For details, contact your Toshiba representative. 12-1 E

[Page 442] LEGAL MANUFACTURER 1385, SHIMOISHIGAMI, OTAWARA-SHI, TOCHIGI-KEN 324-8550, JAPAN